Gethyllis

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox |name = Kukumakranka |taxon = Gethyllis |image = Gethyllis ciliaris01.jpg |image_caption = ''Gethyllis ciliaris''{{efn|Painting by Dutch artist Robert Jacob Gordon. Patrick Cullinan. "Robert Jacob Gordon 1743-1795 The Man and his Travels at the Cape". Winchester Struik, Cape Town, 1992}} |authority=L.<ref name=Linn/> |type_species_authority=L. |type_species=''Gethyllis afra'' |synonyms_ref=<ref name=w>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=307894 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> |synonyms= * ''Abapus'' Adans. * ''Papiria'' Thunb. * ''Klingia'' Schönland }}

'''''Gethyllis''''' (probably from Greek ''"gethyon"'', bulb), commonly called '''Kukumakranka''', '''Koekemakranka''', or '''Kroekemakrank''', is a genus of bulbous plant in the amaryllid family with some 33 accepted species. It is native to the Cape Provinces, the Northern Provinces and the Free State of South Africa, as well as Botswana and Namibia.<ref name="w"/>

== Description == The fragrant, solitary, white flower appears late December. Flowering is well-synchronised to increase the odds of cross-pollination, the genus being incapable of self-fertilisation. Triggering of mass flowering is thought to result from a sudden change in barometric pressure. Some three months later the edible, scented creamy-white to orange-yellow to rich burgundy-red, club-shaped fruit starts pushing above the soil surface. The inferior ovary is located well below ground-level where the developing fruit or berry is hidden until its growth forces it into view. Emergence of the fruit is followed almost immediately by the first leaves. The ripe fruit falls over and sheds its short-lived seeds, ready to take advantage of the winter rains. The genus is easily identified by its spirally twisted grey-green, strap-like leaves which develop during the winter months (May - August).

The ripe fruit is sometimes used to impart its special aroma to bottles of brandy.

== Taxonomy == This winter-growing genus is closely related to ''Apodolirion'' , which has 6 species found in both summer and winter regions, ranging from the Southern Cape to the summer-rainfall area of the Transvaal. The two genera together constitute the subtribe Gethyllidinae.

;Species<ref name=w/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/plants/amaryllidaceae/gethyllis.htm |title=Biodiversity Explorer |access-date=2009-02-15 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201090956/http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/plants/amaryllidaceae/gethyllis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aluka.org/action/showCompilationPage?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.COMPILATION.PLANT-NAME-GENUS.GETHYLLIS&tab=specimens Aluka]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://redlist.sanbi.org/search.php?sppsearch=Gethyllis+ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants, genus Gethyllis]</ref> {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''Gethyllis afra'' L. - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis barbarae'' G.D.Duncan - Namibia *''Gethyllis barkerae'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis britteniana'' Baker - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis campanulata'' L.Bolus - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis cavidens'' D.Müll.-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis ciliaris'' (Thunb.) Thunb. - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis fimbriatula'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis grandiflora'' L.Bolus - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis gregoriana'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis hallii'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis heinzeana'' D.Müll.-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis kaapensis'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis lanuginosa'' Marloth - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis lata'' L.Bolus - Cape Provinces *†''Gethyllis latifolia'' Masson ex Baker - †Cape Provinces but extinct *''Gethyllis linearis'' L.Bolus - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis longistyla'' Bolus - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis marginata'' D.Müll.-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis namaquensis'' (Schönland) Oberm. - Namibia, Cape Provinces * ''Gethyllis oligophylla'' D.Müll.-Doblies - Cape Provinces * ''Gethyllis oliverorum'' D.Müll.-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis pectinata'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis roggeveldensis'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis setosa'' Marloth - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis spiralis'' (Thunb.) Thunb. - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis transkarooica'' D.Müller-Doblies - Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces *''Gethyllis uteana'' D.Müller-Doblies - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis verrucosa'' Marloth - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis verticillata'' R.Br. ex Herb. - Cape Provinces *''Gethyllis villosa'' (Thunb.) Thunb. - Cape Provinces }}

;Formerly included<ref name=w/> A few names have been coined using the name ''Gethyllis'', but referring to species now considered better suited to other genera ''(Apodolirion Curculigo Empodium).'' We here provide links to help you locate appropriate information {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| * ''Gethyllis acaulis - Curculigo orchioides'' * ''Gethyllis lanceolata - Apodolirion lanceolatum'' * ''Gethyllis pilosa - Curculigo pilosa'' * ''Gethyllis plicata - Empodium plicatum'' }}

== Distribution and habitat == ''Gethyllis'' has an extensive distribution covering the winter-rainfall area of the southern portion of Namibia and throughout the Cape Provinces, with the Vanrhynsdorp-Nieuwoudtville region showing the greatest species diversity.

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist|3|refs=

<ref name=Linn>{{harvnb|Linnaeus|1753|loc=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13829#page/454/mode/1up Class XI: Dodecandria. Monogynia. Gethyllis p. 442]}}</ref>

}}

== Bibliography == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Linnaeus|title=Species Plantarum |url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669| year=1753 |publisher=Laurentii Salvii|location=Stockholm|access-date=18 April 2015}} {{refend}}

==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikispecies}} *[http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Gethyllis/ ''Gethyllis'' links] *[http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/gethyllis.htm ''Gethyllis'' (SANBI)] *[http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Gethyllis/Gethyllislist.shtml ''Gethyllis'' images] *[http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Gethyllis ''Gethyllis'' images] *[https://archive.today/19991014043031/http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/arboretum/get.htm ''Gethyllis'' article - Mark Elvin] *[http://dip.sun.ac.za/IBSA/Amaryllidaceae/Gethyllis/index.html Indigenous Bulb Association of South Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206000702/http://dip.sun.ac.za/IBSA/Amaryllidaceae/Gethyllis/index.html |date=2007-02-06 }}

Category:Amaryllidaceae genera Category:Amaryllidoideae Category:Flora of Southern Africa