{{short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Fomitopsis_pinicola_1.JPG | image_caption = ''Fomitopsis pinicola'' | taxon = Fomitopsis | authority = P.Karst. (1881) | type_species = ''Fomitopsis pinicola'' | type_species_authority = (Sw.) P.Karst. (1881) | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum: Fomitopsis"/> | synonyms = *''Agaricon'' <small>Tourn. ex Adans. (1763)</small> *''Agaricum'' <small>P.Micheli ex Haller (1768)</small> *''Agarico-pulpa'' <small>Paulet (1793)</small> *''Agaricum'' <small>Paulet (1812)</small> *''Laricifomes'' <small>Kotl. & Pouzar (1957)</small> *''Pilatoporus'' <small>Kotl. & Pouzar (1990)</small> *''Rhodofomes'' <small>Kotl. & Pouzar (1990)</small> }}
'''''Fomitopsis''''' is a genus of more than 40 species of bracket fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
==Taxonomy== The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881 with ''Fomitopsis pinicola'' as the type species.<ref name="Karsten 1881"/> Molecular analysis indicates that ''Fomitopsis'' belongs to the antrodia clade, which contains about 70 percent of brown-rot fungi. Other genera that join ''Fomitopsis'' in the core antrodia group include ''Amyloporia'', ''Antrodia'', ''Daedalea'', ''Melanoporia'', ''Piptoporus'', and ''Rhodonia''.<ref name="Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013"/> Studies have indicated that ''Fomitopsis'' and ''Piptoporus'' were phylogenetically heterogenous, and the type of that genus, ''Piptoporus betulinus'', is in the ''Fomitopsis'' core group.<ref name="Kim 2005"/> This fungus, well known for its use by Ötzi the Iceman, was transferred to ''Fomitopsis'' in 2016.<ref name="Han 2016"/>
The whole genome sequence of ''Fomitopsis palustris'' was reported in 2017.<ref name="Hong 2017"/>
The generic name combines the name ''Fomes'' with the Ancient Greek word {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ("appearance").<ref name="Donk 1960"/>
==Description== ''Fomitopsis'' species have fruit bodies that are mostly perennial, with forms ranging from sessile to effused-reflexed (partially crust-like and partially pileate). Fruit body texture is typically tough to woody, and the pore surface is white to tan or pinkish-colored with mostly small and regular pores. Microscopically, ''Fomitopsis'' has a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae. The spores are hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, roughly spherical to cylindrical, and are negative in Melzer's reagent. ''Fomitopsis'' fungi cause a brown rot.<ref name="Han 2016"/>
==Species== thumb|right|''Fomitopsis rosea'', Czech Republic More than 40 species have been accepted in ''Fomitopsis''. {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''Fomitopsis anhuiensis'' <small>X.F.Ren & X.Q.Zhang (1992)</small> *''Fomitopsis avellanea'' <small>(Bres.) Ryvarden (1988)</small> – Madagascar *''Fomitopsis betulina'' <small>(Bull.) B.K.Cui, M.L.Han & Y.C.Dai (2016)</small> – widespread in Northern Hemisphere *''Fomitopsis cajanderi'' <small>(P.Karst.) Kotl. & Pouzar (1957)</small> – North America *''Fomitopsis cana'' <small>B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & M.L.Han (2013)</small> – China *''Fomitopsis castanea'' <small>Imazeki (1949)</small> *''Fomitopsis concava'' <small>(Cooke) G.Cunn. (1950)</small> *''Fomitopsis cystidiata'' <small>B.K.Cui & M.L.Han (2014)</small><ref name="Han 2014"/> – China *''Fomitopsis cytisina'' <small>(Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)</small> *''Fomitopsis durescens'' <small>(Overh. ex J.Lowe) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1986)</small> *''Fomitopsis epileucina'' <small> (Pilát) Ryvarden & Gilb. (1993)</small> *''Fomitopsis euosma'' <small>Corner (1989)</small> *''Fomitopsis hainaniana'' <small>J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1991)</small> – China *''Fomitopsis hartmannii'' <small>(Cooke) M.D. Barrett & Spirin)</small> *''Fomitopsis iberica'' <small>Melo & Ryvarden (1989)</small> – Europe *''Fomitopsis incarnatus'' <small>K.M.Kim, J.S.Lee & H.S.Jung (2008)</small> *''Fomitopsis kiyosumiensis'' <small>Imazeki & R.Sasaki (1955)</small> *''Fomitopsis labyrinthica'' <small>Bernicchia & Ryvarden (1996)</small> *''Fomitopsis lignea'' <small>(Berk.) Ryvarden (1972)</small> – St.Vincent *''Fomitopsis maire'' <small>(G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988)</small> *''Fomitopsis minuta'' <small>Aime & Ryvarden (2007)</small><ref name="Aime 2007"/> – Guyana *''Fomitopsis minutispora'' <small>Rajchenb. (1995)</small><ref name="Rajchenberg 1995"/> – Argentina *''Fomitopsis mounceae'' <small> Haight & Nakasone (2019)</small> – Canada, USA<ref name=Haight>[https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2019/nrs_2019_haight-j_001.pdf John-Erich Haight, Karen K. Nakasone, Gary A. Laursen, Scott A. Redhead, D. Lee Taylor, and Jessie A. Glaesera (2019). ''Fomitopsis mounceae'' and ''F. schrenkii''—two new species from North America in the F. pinicola complex." ''MYCOLOGIA'' 111(2): 339–357]</ref> *''Fomitopsis niveomarginata'' <small>L.W.Zhou & Y.L.Wei (2012)</small><ref name="Zhou 2012"/> – China *''Fomitopsis ochracea'' <small>Ryvarden & Stokland (2008)</small><ref name="Stokland 2008"/> *''Fomitopsis officinalis'' <small>(Vill.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)</small> – Europe *''Fomitopsis ostreiformis'' <small>(Berk.) T.Hatt. (2003)</small> *''Fomitopsis palustris'' <small>(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985)</small> – United States *''Fomitopsis pinicola'' <small>(Sw.) P.Karst. (1881)</small> – Europe; North America *''Fomitopsis pseudopetchii'' <small>(Lloyd) Ryvarden (1972)</small> *''Fomitopsis quadrans'' <small>(Berk. & Broome) D.A.Reid (1963)</small> *''Fomitopsis rosea'' <small>(Alb. & Schwein.) P.Karst. (1881)</small> – North America, Dominican Republic, Europe *''Fomitopsis rubida'' <small>(Berk.) A.Roy & A.B.De (1996)</small> – Philippines; Tanzania *''Fomitopsis rufolaccata'' <small>(Bose) Dhanda (1981)</small> *''Fomitopsis sanmingensis'' <small>J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1991)</small><ref name="Zhao 1991"/> – China *''Fomitopsis scalaris'' <small>(Cooke) Ryvarden (1984)</small> *''Fomitopsis schrenkii'' <small> Haight & Nakasone (2019)</small> – Canada, USA<ref name=Haight/> *''Fomitopsis scortea'' <small>(Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)</small> *''Fomitopsis sensitiva'' <small>(Lloyd) R.Sasaki (1954)</small> *''Fomitopsis singularis'' <small>(Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)</small> *''Fomitopsis spraguei'' <small>(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985)</small> – Portugal *''Fomitopsis subfeei'' <small>B.K.Cui & M.L.Han (2014)</small><ref name="Han 2015"/> *''Fomitopsis subtropica'' <small>B.K.Cui & Hai J.Li (2013)</small><ref name="Cui 2013"/> – China *''Fomitopsis subvinosa'' <small>(Corner) T.Hatt. & Sotome (2013)</small> *''Fomitopsis widdringtoniae'' <small>Masuka & Ryvarden (1993)</small><ref name="Masuka 1993"/> – Malawi *''Fomitopsis zuluensis'' <small>(Wakef.) Ryvarden (1972)</small> *''Fomitopsis sp'' <small>(Sudhakar, N.) Karthikeyan, G., Shurya, R., Rajha Viknesh, A.M., Ganesan, V. and Sudhakar, N. (2019)</small>India}}
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Aime 2007">{{cite journal |author1=Aime, L. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |author3=Henkel, T.W. |year=2007 |title=Studies in Neotropical polypores 22. Additional new and rare species from Guyana |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=23 |pages=15–31}}</ref>
<ref name="Cui 2013">{{cite journal |author1=Li, H.J. |author2=Cui, B.K. |year=2013 |title=''Fomitopsis subtropics'' (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South China |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=12 |pages=709–718 | doi = 10.1007/s11557-012-0882-2|s2cid=9698835 }}</ref>
<ref name="Donk 1960">{{cite journal |author=Donk, M.A. |year=1960 |title=The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae |journal=Persoonia |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=173–302 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/61056/0001/002/0173.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="Han 2014">{{cite journal |author1=Han, M.L. |author2=Cui, B.K. |year=2014 |title=Morphology and molecular phylogeny for two new species of ''Fomitopsis'' (Basidiomycota) from South China |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=905–914 |doi=10.1007/s11557-014-0976-0|s2cid=7516401 }}</ref>
<ref name="Han 2015">{{cite journal |author1=Han, Mei-Ling |author2=Cui, Bao-Kai |year=2015 |title=Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species and a new Chinese record of ''Fomitopsis'' (Polyporales) |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=56 |pages=168–176}}</ref>
<ref name="Han 2016">{{cite journal |author1=Han, Mei-Ling |author2=Chen, Yuan-Yuan |author3=Shen, Lu-Lu |author4=Song, Jie |author5=Vlasák, Josef |author6=Dai, Yu-Cheng |author7=Cui, Bao-Kai |year=2016 |title=Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi: ''Fomitopsis'' and its related genera |journal=Fungal Diversity |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=343–373 |doi=10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y|s2cid=34923876 |doi-access=free |hdl=11104/0263634 |hdl-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name="Hong 2017">{{cite journal |author1=Hong, C.Y. |author2=Lee, S.Y. |author3=Ryu, S.H. |author4=Kim, M. |year=2017 |title=Whole-genome de novo sequencing of wood rot fungus ''Fomitopsis palustris'' (ATCC62978) with both a cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzyme system |journal=Journal of Biotechnology |volume=251 |pages=156–159 |doi=10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.009 |pmid=28433724}}</ref>
<ref name="Karsten 1881">{{cite journal |author=Karsten, Petter A. |year=1881 |title=Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. VIII |journal=Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica |volume=6 |pages=7–13 |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38778#page/13/mode/1up}}</ref>
<ref name="Kim 2005">{{cite journal |author1=Kim, Kyung Mo |author2=Yoon, Yuh-Gang |author3=Jung, Hack Sung |year=2005 |title=Evaluation of the monophyly of ''Fomitopsis'' using parsimony and MCMC methods |journal=Mycologia |volume=97 |issue=4 |pages=812–822 |doi=10.1080/15572536.2006.11832773 |jstor=3762231 |pmid=16457351 |s2cid=203881210 }}</ref>
<ref name="Masuka 1993">{{cite journal |author1=Masuka, A. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=1993 |title=Two new polypores from Malawi |journal=Mycologia Helvetica |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=143–148}}</ref>
<ref name="Ortiz-Santana et al. 2013">{{cite journal |author1=Ortiz-Santana, B. |author2=Lindner, D.L. |author3=Miettinen, O. |author4=Justo, A. |author5=Hibbett, D.S. |year=2013 |title=A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) |journal=Mycologia |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=1391–1411 |doi=10.3852/13-051 |pmid=23935025|s2cid=6647648 }}</ref>
<ref name="Rajchenberg 1995">{{cite journal |author=Rajchenberg, M. |year=1995 |title=New polypores from the ''Nothofagus'' forests of Argentina |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=54 |pages=427–453}}</ref>
<ref name="Stokland 2008">{{cite journal |author1=Stokland, J. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2008 |title=''Fomitopsis ochracea'' species nova |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=25 |pages=44–47}}</ref>
<ref name="urlFungorum: Fomitopsis">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Fomitopsis'' P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 6: 9 (1881) |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=17612 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |access-date=2013-01-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Zhao 1991">{{cite journal |author1=Zhao, Ji-Ding |author2=Zhang, Xiao-Qing |year=1991 |title=中国拟层孔菌属二新种 |trans-title=Two new species of genus ''Fomitopsis'' Karsten in China |journal=Acta Mycologica Sinica |volume=10 |pages=113–116 |language=zh}}</ref>
<ref name="Zhou 2012">{{cite journal |author1=Zhou, L.W. |author2=Wei, Y.L. |year=2012 |title=Changbai wood-rotting fungi 16. A new species of ''Fomitopsis'' (Fomitopsidaceae) |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=435–441 |doi=10.1007/s11557-011-0758-x|s2cid=18498331 }}</ref>
}}
==External links== *{{cite web |title=''Fomitopsis'' P.Karst. |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names:17612}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q337947}}
Category:Fomitopsis Category:Polyporales genera Category:Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten Category:Taxa described in 1881 Category:Wood-decay fungi