Antrodia

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Kuusekorgik (Antrodia serialis).JPG | image_caption = ''Antrodia serialis'' | taxon = Antrodia | authority = P.Karst. (1879)<ref name="Karsten 1880"/> | type_species = ''Antrodia serpens'' | type_species_authority = (Fr.) P.Karst. (1879) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ~50 | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Antrodia"/> | synonyms = *''Coriolellus'' Murrill (1905)<ref name="Murrill 1905"/> *''Cartilosoma'' Kotl. & Pouzar (1958)<ref name="Kotlába 1958"/> }}

'''''Antrodia''''' is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. ''Antrodia'' species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.

==Description==

''Antrodia'' are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape.<ref name="Dai 2002"/> Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for ''A. albida'', which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees.<ref name="Ellis 1990"/>

==Distribution==

Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe,<ref name="Ryvarden 1993"/> 21 species in North America,<ref name="Ryvarden 1986"/> and 18 species in East Asia,<ref name="Núñez 2001"/> although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.

==Taxonomy==

The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), in their monograph ''North American Polypores''.<ref name="Ryvarden 1986" />

In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal ''Antrodia'', genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed.<ref name="Chiu 2007" /> These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus ''Antrodia''.

=== Species === thumb|right|''Antrodia albobrunnea'' The following species are recognised in the genus ''Antrodia'':<ref>{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Search Page |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} *''Antrodia afrosinuosa'' Ryvarden (2019) *''Antrodia albida'' (Fr.) Donk (1966) *''Antrodia alpina'' (Litsch.) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985) *''Antrodia angulopora'' (M.J. Larsen & Lombard) Ryvarden (2023) *''Antrodia aurantia'' Lodge, Ryvarden & Perd.-Sánch. (2001) *''Antrodia bambusicola'' Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui (2011) – China<ref name="Cui 2011"/> *''Antrodia bohemica'' (Bernicchia, Vampola & Prodi) Ryvarden & Melo (2018) *''Antrodia calceus'' (Fr.) Teixeira (1992) *''Antrodia conchata'' D.A. Reid (1974) *''Antrodia eutelea'' (Har. & Pat.) Ryvarden (1983) *''Antrodia favescens'' (Schwein.) Vlasák & Spirin (2014) *''Antrodia gossypium'' (Speg.) Ryvarden (1973) *''Antrodia griseoflavescens'' (Litsch.) Runnel, Spirin & K.H. Larss. (2019) *''Antrodia heteromorpha'' (Fr.) Donk (1966) *''Antrodia hingganensis'' Y.C. Dai & Penttilä (2006) *''Antrodia hippophaes'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) *''Antrodia huangshanensis'' Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui (2011) *''Antrodia labyrinthica'' (Bernicchia & Ryvarden) Melo & Ryvarden (2017) *''Antrodia lalashana'' T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou (1998) *''Antrodia latebrosa'' Spirin, Ryvarden & Miettinen (2019) *''Antrodia macra'' (Sommerf.) Niemelä (1985) *''Antrodia macrospora'' Bernicchia & De Dominicis (1990) *''Antrodia madronae'' Vlasák & Ryvarden (2012) – western USA<ref name="Vlasák 2012"/> *''Antrodia mappa'' (Overh. & J. Lowe) Miettinen & Vlasák (2014) *''Antrodia multiformis'' Vlasák (2017) – USA<ref name="Kout 2017"/> *''Antrodia multipapillata'' (Corner) T. Hatt. (2003) *''Antrodia neotropica'' Kaipper-Fig., Robledo & Drechsler-Santos (2016) *''Antrodia novae-zelandiae'' P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden (2000) *''Antrodia parvula'' (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) *''Antrodia peregrina'' Spirin, Y.C. Dai & Vlasák (2019) *''Antrodia pictilis'' (Berk.) Teng (1963) *''Antrodia plicata'' Niemelä (1978) *''Antrodia porothelioides'' (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Cooke) Ryvarden (1988) *''Antrodia pseudosinuosa'' A. Henrici & Ryvarden (1997) *''Antrodia ramentacea'' (Berk. & Broome) Donk (1966) *''Antrodia renehenticii'' (B. Rivoire, Trichies & Vlasák) Melo & Ryvarden (2017) *''Antrodia rhizomorpha'' (Bagchee) J.R. Sharma (2000) *''Antrodia rupamii'' Virdi (1992) *''Antrodia sandaliae'' Bernicchia & Ryvarden (2001) *''Antrodia sinuosa'' (Fr.) P. Karst. (1881) *''Antrodia subalbidoides'' A. David & Dequatre (1985) *''Antrodia submalicola'' A. David & Dequatre (1985) *''Antrodia subramentacea'' A. David & Dequatre (1985) *''Antrodia subserpens'' B.K. Cui & Yuan Y. Chen (2015) *''Antrodia tanakae'' (Murrill) Spirin & Miettinen (2014) *''Antrodia taxa'' T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou (1999) *''Antrodia tenerifensis'' Kout & Vlasák (2017) – Tenerife<ref name="Kout 2017"/> *''Antrodia terryi'' (Berk. & Broome) P. Karst. (1879) *''Antrodia tropica'' B.K. Cui (2012) – China<ref name="Cui 2013"/> *''Antrodia wangii'' Y.C. Dai & H.S. Yuan (2006) *''Antrodia yunnanensis'' M.L. Han & Q. An (2020) {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="Chiu 2007">{{cite journal |author=Chiu HH. |year=2007 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of''Antrodia'' species and ''Antrodia camphorata'' inferred from internal transcribed spacer region |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=267–76 |pmid=17072535 |doi=10.1007/s10482-006-9116-4|s2cid=25431381 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cui 2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cui BK, Li HJ, Dai YC |title=Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 6. Two new species of ''Antrodia'' (Basidiomycota) from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2011 |volume=116 |pages=13–20 |doi=10.5248/116.13|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Cui 2013">{{cite journal |author=Cui BK. |title=''Antrodia tropica'' sp. nov. from southern China inferred from morphological characters and molecular data |journal=Mycological Progress |year=2013 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=223–30 |doi=10.1007/s11557-012-0829-7|bibcode=2013MycPr..12..223C |s2cid=8400718 }}</ref>

<ref name="Dai 2002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dai YC, Niemelä T |year=2002 |title=Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13". ''Antrodia sensu lato'' |journal=Annales Botanici Fennici |volume=39 |pages=257–265}}</ref>

<ref name="Ellis 1990">{{cite book |vauthors=Ellis JB, Ellis MB |title=Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook |publisher=Chapman and Hall |location=London, UK |year=1990 |page=27 |isbn=0-412-36970-2}}</ref>

<ref name="Karsten 1880">{{cite journal |author=Karsten P. |year=1880 |title=Symbolae ad Mycologian Fennicam 6. |journal=Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica |volume=5 |pages=15–46 |language=la}}</ref>

<ref name="Kotlába 1958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kotlába F, Pouzar Z |title=Polypori novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae III |journal=Ceská Mykologie |year=1958 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=95–104}}</ref>

<ref name="Kout 2017">{{cite journal |author1=Kout, Jiří |author2=Vlasák, Josef |author3=Vlasák Jr., Josef |year=2017 |title=''Antrodia multiformis'' and ''A. tenerifensis'' spp. nov. (Fomitopsidaceae, Basidiomycota): new brown rot polypores |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=737–742 |doi=10.1007/s11557-017-1310-4|bibcode=2017MycPr..16..737K |s2cid=27715816 }}</ref>

<ref name="Murrill 1905">{{cite journal |author=Murrill WA. |title=The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |year=1905 |volume=32 |issue=9 |pages=469–93 (see p. 481) |doi=10.2307/2478463|jstor=2478463 }}</ref>

<ref name="Núñez 2001">{{cite book |vauthors=Núñez M, Ryvarden L |year=2001 |title=East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae ''s. lato'' |series=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=14 |pages=170–522}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 1986">{{cite book |vauthors=Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL |title=North American Polypores |publisher=Fungiflora |location=Oslo, Norway |year=1986 |isbn=0-945345-06-2}}</ref>

<ref name="Ryvarden 1993">{{cite book|vauthors=Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL |year=1993 |title=European polypores 1 |series=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=6 |pages=1–387}}</ref>

<ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Antrodia">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Antrodia'' P. Karst. |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=17083 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref>

<ref name="Vlasák 2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vlasák J, ((Vlasák J Jr)), Ryvarden L |title=Four new polypore species from the western United States |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2012 |volume=119 |pages=217–31 |doi=10.5248/119.217|doi-access=free }}</ref>

}}

==External links== *{{cite web |title=''Antrodia'' P.Karst. |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names:17083}}

Category:Fomitopsidaceae Category:Polyporales genera Category:Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten Category:Taxa described in 1879