Euconulidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = TaylorEoconulusFulvus.jpg |image_caption = Drawing of a live ''Euconulus fulvus'' and its shell |taxon = Euconulidae |authority = Baker, 1928 |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = See text |display_parents = 3 }}

'''Euconulidae''' is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite web |title=Trochomorphoidea Möllendorff, 1890 |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994725 |publisher=WoRMS}}</ref>

This land snail family is closely allied to the Zonitidae, the glass snails.

==Taxonomy== The family Euconulidae was originally placed within the superfamily Gastrodontoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> Since 2017, its classification has been revised and it now belongs to the superfamily Trochomorphoidea<ref>Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526</ref>

==Distribution== The distribution of the Euconulidae includes the Nearctic, the western-Palearctic, the eastern-Palearctic, the Neotropical zone, the Ethiopian zone, Malagasy, south-eastern Asia, Australia, Polynesia and Hawaii.<ref name="Hausdorf 2000"/>

Humidity, temperature, rainfall, and foliar dripping derived from dew, mist, and rain, affect the behavior and substrate selection of small terrestrial molluscs, such as ''Tikoconus costarricanus'', which inhabit shrubs in humid tropical montane forests.<ref>Barrientos, Z. (2020). Microhabitat selection, and seasonal and daily activity of the snail ''Tikoconus costarricanus'' (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) in tropical montane wet forest understory. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(4), 1131-1142</ref> There is also a preference of some parts of a leaf,<ref>Hernández-Quinta, M. (2013). Occupancy of strata of plant height and plant substrate by land snail (Gastropoda) assemblages at Escaleras de Jaruco, Mayabeque, Cuba. ''The Nautilus, 127''(1), 29-35. </ref> for example, in some cases the lower side is preferred, possibly because it has better humidity and protects small snails from the impact of raindrops.<ref>Moreno-Rueda, G., Ruiz-Ruiz, A., Collantes-Martín, E., & Arrébola, J.R. (2009). Relative importance of humidity and temperature on microhabitat use by land snails in arid versus humid environments. In A. Fernández-Bernal & M.A. De la Rosa (Eds.), ''Arid Environments and Wind Erosion'' (pp 331-343). Uni- ted Kingdom: Nova Science Publishers.</ref>

==Shell description== These minute snails have a shell which is roundly conical and broad-based, like the shape of an old-fashioned European woven bee hive or skep. For this reason these snails are sometimes known as "hive snails".

The shells of most Euconulidae are only about 3 mm in size, amber-colored and translucent.

==Anatomy== In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).<ref name="Barker">Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]''. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.</ref>

==Genera== Subfamilies and genera in the family Euconulidae include:

Euconulinae * ''Afroconulus'' Van Mol & van Bruggen, 1971<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018">MolluscaBase (2018). Euconulinae H.B. Baker, 1928. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994926 on 2018-09-14</ref> * ''Afroguppya'' de Winter & Bruggen, 1992<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Afropunctum'' F. Haas, 1934<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Cancelloconus'' I. Rensch, 1932<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Coneuplecta'' Möllendorff, 1893<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Diepenheimia'' Preston, 1913<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Discoconulus'' Reinhardt, 1883<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Dryachloa'' F. G. Thompson & H. G. Lee, 1980<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Euconulus'' Reinhardt, 1883 - type genus of the family Euconulidae<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref> * ''Guppya'' Mörch, 1867<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Habroconus'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1872<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Kororia'' H. B. Baker, 1941<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Louisia'' Godwin-Austen, 1908<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Luchuconulus'' Pilsbry, 1928<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Palaua'' H.B. Baker, 1941<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Papuarion'' Van Mol, 1973<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Parasitala'' Thiele, 1931<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Sabalimax'' Tillier & Bouchet, 1989<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Serostena'' Iredale, 1941<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/> * ''Tikoconus'' Barrientos, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=Molluscabase - Euconulinae H. B. Baker, 1928|url=https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994926|access-date=2022-01-19|website=www.molluscabase.org}}</ref> * ''Velifera'' W.G. Binney, 1879<ref name="WoRMS Euconulinae 2018"/>

Microcystinae * ''Allenoconcha'' Preston, 1913 * ''Aukena'' Baker, 1940<ref name="Bouchet 2001">Bouchet P. & Abdou A. (2001). "Recent Extinct Land Snails (Euconulidae) from the Gambier Islands with Remarkable Apertural Barriers". ''Pacific Science'' '''55'''(2): 121-127. {{doi|10.1353/psc.2001.0011}}.</ref> * ''Cookeana'' * ''Diastole'' Gude, 1913 * ''Faunulena'' * ''Greenwoodoconcha'' * ''Hiona'' Cooke, 1940<ref name="Bouchet 2001"/> * ''Innesoconcha'' Iredale, 1944 * ''Iredaleoconcha'' Preston, 1913 * ''Kaala'' * ''Kusaiea'' Baker, 1938 * ''Lamprocystis'' * ''Liardetia'' * ''Melloconcha'' Iredale, 1944 * ''Mendana'' * ''Microcystis'' * ''Nancibella'' * ''Periclocystis'' * ''Philonesia'' Sykes, 1900<ref name="Bouchet 2001"/> * ''Piena'' * ''Pukaloa'' * ''Tengchiena''

==Cladogram== The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of this family with the other families within the limacoid clade:<ref name="Hausdorf 2000">Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". ''Journal of Biogeography'' '''27'''(2): 379-390. {{doi|10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x}}, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2656267 JSTOR].</ref>

{{clade |label1=limacoid clade |1={{clade |label1=Staffordioidea |1=Staffordiidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Dyakioidea |1=Dyakiidae |label2=Gastrodontoidea |2={{clade |1=Pristilomatidae |2={{clade |1=Chronidae |2={{clade |1='''Euconulidae''' |2=Trochomorphidae }} |3={{clade |1=Gastrodontidae |2=Oxychilidae }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=Parmacelloidea |1={{clade |1=Trigonochlamydidae |2=Parmacellidae |3=Milacidae }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Zonitoidea |1=Zonitidae |label2=Helicarionoidea |2={{clade |1=Helicarionidae |2={{clade |1=Ariophantidae |2=Urocyclidae }} }} }} |label2=Limacoidea |2={{clade |1=Vitrinidae |2={{clade |1=Boettgerillidae |2={{clade |1=Limacidae |2=Agriolimacidae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Euconulidae}}

Category:Euconulidae Category:Taxa described in 1928 Category:Taxa named by Horace Burrington Baker