{{Short description|Superfamily of spiders}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cretaceous|present}} | image = Araña Mandaio.07-0-2006.jpg | image_caption = ''Segestria florentina''<br/>(Segestriidae) | taxon = Dysderoidea | diversity = 4 or 5 families | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision_ref = <ref name=MichRami14/> | subdivision = *Dysderidae *Oonopidae *Orsolobidae *†Plumorsolidae *Segestriidae *?Trogloraptoridae }}
The '''Dysderoidea''' are a clade or superfamily of araneomorph spiders. The monophyly of the group, initially consisting of the four families Dysderidae, Oonopidae, Orsolobidae and Segestriidae,<ref name=ForsPlat85/> has consistently been recovered in phylogenetic studies.<ref name=MichRami14/><ref name=CoddLevi91/> In 2014, a new family, Trogloraptoridae, was created for a recently discovered species ''Trogloraptor marchingtoni''. It was suggested that Trogloraptoridae may be sister to the remaining members of the Dysderoidea clade.<ref name=MichRami14/><ref name=GrisAudiLedf/> However, a later study found that Trogloraptoridae was placed outside the Dysderoidea and concluded that it was not part of this clade.<ref name=deBuFannHenrGaub14/>
==Phylogeny== Dysderoidea are members of the Haplogynae clade: spiders with simpler copulatory organs (palpal bulbs and epigynes) than other araneomorphs. One hypothesis for relationships within the Haplogynae is shown below.<ref name=Nent13/> The status of the Trogloraptoridae is unclear. The family was not included in one study which otherwise found the same topography,<ref name=Codd05/> but it was placed outside even the Filistatidae in a 2014 study based on ribosomal DNA.<ref name=deBuFannHenrGaub14/>
{{clade| style=line-height:100%; |label1=Haplogynae |1={{clade |label1=? |1=Trogloraptoridae |state1=dashed |2={{clade |1=Filistatidae |2={{clade |1=remaining haplogynes |state1=double |2={{clade |1=Caponiidae |2={{clade |1=Tetrablemmidae |label2='''Dysderoidea''' |2={{clade |label1=? |1=Trogloraptoridae |state1=dashed |2={{clade |1=Segestriidae |2={{clade |1=Dysderidae |2={{clade |1=Oonopidae |2=Orsolobidae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
Other studies have suggested that Caponiidae rather than Tetrablemmidae are the sister of Dysderoidea.<ref name=Rami00/>
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=Codd05>{{Citation |last=Coddington |first=Jonathan A. |year=2005 |editor1-last=Ubick |editor1-first=D. |editor2-last=Paquin |editor2-first=P. |editor3-last=Cushing |editor3-first=P.E. |editor4-last=Roth |editor4-first=V. |contribution=Phylogeny and classification of spiders |title=Spiders of North America: an identification manual |pages=18–24 |publisher=American Arachnological Society |access-date=2015-09-24 |contribution-url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4365/CoddingtonSNAPhylogeny05.pdf |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=CoddLevi91>{{Citation |last1=Coddington |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Levi |first2=Herbert W. |year=1991 |title=Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae) |journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |volume=22 |pages=565–592 |jstor=2097274 |name-list-style=amp |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025}}<!--|access-date=2015-09-25 --></ref>
<ref name=deBuFannHenrGaub14>{{Citation |last1=de Busschere |first1=Charlotte |last2=Fannes |first2=Wouter |last3=Henrard |first3=Arnaud |last4=Gaublomme |first4=Eva |last5=Jocqué |first5=Rudy |last6=Baert |first6=Léon |year=2014 |title=Unravelling the goblin spiders puzzle: rDNA phylogeny of the family Oonopidae (Araneae) |journal=Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny |volume=72 |pages=177–192 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264083120 |access-date=2015-10-30 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=ForsPlat85>{{Citation |last1=Forster |first1=R.R. |last2=Platnick |first2=N.I. |date=1985 |title=A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae) with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |issue=181 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=GrisAudiLedf>{{Citation |last1=Griswold |first1=C. |last2=Audisio |first2=T. |last3=Ledford |first3=J. |year=2012 |title=An extraordinary new family of spiders from caves in the Pacific Northwest (Araneae, Trogloraptoridae, new family) |doi=10.3897/zookeys.215.3547 |pmid=22936872 |pmc=3428790 |journal=ZooKeys |issue=215 |pages=77–102 |name-list-style=amp|doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=Rami00>{{Citation |last=Ramírez |first=Martín J. |year=2000 |title=Respiratory system morphology and the phylogeny of haplogyne spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae) |journal=Journal of Arachnology |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=149–157 |doi=10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0149:rsmatp]2.0.co;2|s2cid=39168037 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/226515 }}</ref>
<ref name=MichRami14>{{Citation |last1=Michalik |first1=Peter |last2=Ramírez |first2=Martín J. |year=2014 |title=Evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida)–Current knowledge and future directions |journal=Arthropod Structure & Development |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=291–322 |name-list-style=amp |doi=10.1016/j.asd.2014.05.005|pmid=24907603 |hdl=11336/19081 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=Nent13>{{Citation |year=2013 |editor-last=Nentwig |editor-first=Wolfgang |contribution=Appendix : Spider Phylogeny |title=Spider Ecophysiology |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-33988-2 |contribution-url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-3-642-33989-9%2F1.pdf |access-date=2015-11-03 }}</ref> }}
{{Araneae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q54486}}
Category:Araneomorphae Category:Arachnid superfamilies