Drassodes

{{Short description|Genus of spiders}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range={{Fossil range|Palaeogene|present}} |image=Drassodes_pubescens1.JPG |image_caption=''D. pubescens'' |taxon=Drassodes |authority=Westring, 1851<ref name=NMBE /> |type_species=''D. lapidosus'' |type_species_authority=(Walckenaer, 1802) |subdivision_ranks=Species |subdivision=162, see text |synonyms= *''Geodrassus'' Chamberlin, 1922<ref name=Ubic1973>{{cite journal|last1=Ubick|first1=D.|last2=Roth|first2=V. D.|year=1973|title=Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states|journal=American Arachnology|volume=9|page=1}}</ref> *''Kirmaka'' Roewer, 1961<ref name=Murp2007>{{cite book|last=Murphy|first=J.|year=2007|title=Gnaphosid genera of the world|publisher=British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire|page=54}}</ref> *''Mesklia'' Roewer, 1928<ref name=Chat2002>{{cite journal|last1=Chatzaki|first1=M.|last2=Thaler|first2=K.|last3=Mylonas|first3=M.|year=2002|title=Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) of Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. II|journal=Revue suisse de Zoologie|volume=109|page=618}}</ref> *''Sillemia'' Reimoser, 1935<ref name=Murp2007 /> *''Siruasus'' Roewer, 1961<ref name=Murp2007 /> |synonyms_ref=<ref name=NMBE /> }}

'''''Drassodes''''' is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851.<ref name=West1851>{{cite journal|last=Westring|first=N.|year=1851|title=Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan.|journal=Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar|pages=25–62|volume=2}}</ref> They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally {{convert|3.8|to|11.6|mm}} long,<ref name=bugguide>{{cite web|title=Genus Drassodes|publisher=BugGuide|accessdate=2019-06-04|url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/98704}}</ref> but can reach up to {{convert|20|mm}} in length.

==Species== {{as of|2019|05}} it contains 162 species:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite journal|title=Gen. Drassodes Westring, 1851|website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0|accessdate=2019-06-04|year=2019|publisher=Natural History Museum Bern|url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/923|doi=10.24436/2}}</ref> {{Div col}} *''D. adisensis'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *''D. affinis'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *''D. afghanus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *''D. albicans'' (Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean *''D. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.) *''D. andorranus'' Denis, 1938 – Andorra *''D. angulus'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA *''D. arapensis'' Strand, 1908 – Peru *''D. archibensis'' Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus) *''D. assimilatus'' (Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is. *''D. astrologus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *''D. auriculoides'' Barrows, 1919 – USA *''D. auritus'' Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China *''D. bechuanicus'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *''D. bendamiranus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *''D. bicurvatus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *''D. bifidus'' Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey *''D. brachythelis'' (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra) *''D. braendegaardi'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya *''D. caffrerianus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. calceatus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. cambridgei'' Roewer, 1951 – India *''D. canaglensis'' Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy *''D. carinivulvus'' Caporiacco, 1934 – India *''D. caspius'' Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan *''D. cerinus'' Simon, 1897 – India *''D. charcoviae'' (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine *''D. charitonovi'' Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan *''D. chybyndensis'' Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran *''D. clavifemur'' (Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir) *''D. crassipalpus'' (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan *''D. cupa'' Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan *''D. cupreus'' (Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East) *''D. dagestanus'' Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus) *''D. daliensis'' Yang & Song, 2003 – China *''D. delicatus'' (Blackwall, 1867) – India *''D. deoprayagensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *''D. depilosus'' Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan *''D. deserticola'' Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya *''D. difficilis'' (Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey? *''D. dispulsoides'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *''D. distinctus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria *''D. dregei'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. drydeni'' Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar *''D. ellenae'' (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines *''D. ereptor'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. falciger'' Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast *''D. fedtschenkoi'' (Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan *''D. fugax'' (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China *''D. gangeticus'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *''D. gia'' Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain *''D. gilvus'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *''D. gooldi'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. gosiutus'' Chamberlin, 1919 – USA, Canada *''D. gujaratensis'' Patel & Patel, 1975 – India *''D. hamiger'' (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *''D. hebei'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *''D. helenae'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. heterophthalmus'' Simon, 1905 – India *''D. himalayensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *''D. ignobilis'' Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar *''D. imbecillus'' (L. Koch, 1875) – Ethiopia *''D. inermis'' (Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France *''D. infletus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia *''D. insidiator'' Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar *''D. insignis'' (Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil *''D. interemptor'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *''D. interlisus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *''D. interpolator'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand) *''D. involutus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *''D. jakkabagensis'' Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan *''D. jiufeng'' Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China *''D. kaszabi'' Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia *''D. katunensis'' Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia) *''D. kibonotensis'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *''D. krausi'' (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan *''D. kwantungensis'' Saito, 1937 – China *''D. lacertosus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria *''D. lapidosus'' (Walckenaer, 1802) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan **''Drassodes l. bidens'' (Simon, 1878) – France *''D. lapsus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *''D. licenti'' Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia *''D. lindbergi'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *''D. lividus'' Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan *''D. longispinus'' Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea *''D. lophognathus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. luridus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *''D. luteomicans'' (Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe *''D. lutescens'' (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan *''D. lyratus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. lyriger'' Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia *''D. macilentus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *''D. malagassicus'' (Butler, 1880) – Madagascar *''D. mandibularis'' (L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe) *''D. manducator'' (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar *''D. masculus'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *''D. mauritanicus'' Denis, 1945 – North Africa *''D. meghalayaensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India *''D. mirus'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America *''D. montenegrinus'' (Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia *''D. monticola'' (Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan *''D. nagqu'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *''D. narayanpurensis'' Gajbe, 2005 – India *''D. natali'' Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan *''D. neglectus'' (Keyserling, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America *''D. nox'' Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan *''D. nugatorius'' (Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia *''D. obscurus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria *''D. parauritus'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *''D. paroculus'' Simon, 1893 – Spain *''D. parvidens'' Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan *''D. pashanensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India *''D. pectinifer'' Schenkel, 1936 – China *''D. phagduaensis'' Tikader, 1964 – Nepal *''D. placidulus'' Simon, 1914 – France *''D. platnicki'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China *''D. prosthesimiformis'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *''D. pseudolesserti'' Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China *''D. pubescens'' (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan *''D. robatus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *''D. rostratus'' Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan *''D. rubicundulus'' Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan *''D. rubidus'' (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia) *''D. rugichelis'' Denis, 1962 – Madeira *''D. russulus'' (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java) *''D. saccatus'' (Emerton, 1890) – North America *''D. saganus'' Strand, 1918 – Japan *''D. sagarensis'' Tikader, 1982 – India *''D. saitoi'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *''D. serratichelis'' (Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA *''D. serratidens'' Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan *''D. sesquidentatus'' Purcell, 1908 – South Africa *''D. shawanensis'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *''D. similis'' Nosek, 1905 – Turkey *''D. simplex'' Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka) *''D. simplicivulvus'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia *''D. singulariformis'' Roewer, 1951 – India *''D. sirmourensis'' (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China *''D. sitae'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *''D. sockniensis'' (Karsch, 1881) – Libya *''D. solitarius'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. soussensis'' Denis, 1956 – Morocco *''D. splendens'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *''D. stationis'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *''D. sternatus'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *''D. striatus'' (L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine *''D. subviduatus'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *''D. taehadongensis'' Paik, 1995 – Korea *''D. tarrhunensis'' (Karsch, 1881) – Libya *''D. termezius'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *''D. tesselatus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *''D. thaleri'' Hervé, 2009 – France *''D. thimei'' (L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan *''D. tikaderi'' (Gajbe, 1987) – India *''D. tiritschensis'' Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan *''D. tortuosus'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *''D. unicolor'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel *''D. uritai'' Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China *''D. venustus'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *''D. villosus'' (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East) *''D. viveki'' (Gajbe, 1992) – India *''D. vorax'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia {{Div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Gnaphosidae genera Category:Cosmopolitan spiders Category:Gnaphosidae Category:Long stubs with short prose