{{short description|English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist (1844–1925)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{infobox scientist |name = Arthur Gardiner Butler |image = Arthur Gardiner Butler.jpg |birth_date = 27 June 1844 |birth_place = [[Chelsea, London]] |death_date = 28 May 1925 |death_place = [[Beckenham]], [[Kent]] }} '''Arthur Gardiner Butler''' [[Fellow of the Linnean Society|F.L.S.]], [[Fellow of the Zoological Society of London|F.Z.S.]] (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English [[entomologist]], [[Arachnology|arachnologist]] and [[Ornithology|ornithologist]]. He worked at the [[British Museum]] on the [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of [[bird]]s, [[insect]]s, and [[spider]]s.
== Biography == Arthur Gardiner Butler was born at [[Cheyne Walk]], [[Chelsea, London]].{{sfnp|Mullens|Swann|1917|p=111}}<ref name="Pocock 1926"/> He was the son of Thomas Butler (1809–1908), assistant-secretary to the British Museum.<ref name="Pocock 1926"/><ref name=thomas>Thomas Butler: {{cite web |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/CalmView/record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=PX8311 |title=record on Thomas Butler |publisher=Natural History Museum |access-date=2019-10-05}}</ref> He was educated at [[St Paul's School, London|St. Paul's School]],<ref name=pauline>He was admitted 15-03-1854, according to: {{cite book |last1=Gardiner |first1=R. B. |last2=St. Paul's School (London, England) |date=1884 |title=The Admission registers of St. Paul's School from 1748 to 1876, edited, with biographical notices and notes on the earlier masters and scholars of the school, from the time of its foundation |location=London |publisher=George Bell and Sons |id={{OCLC|220315629|show=all}} |url=https://archive.org/details/admissionregist00stpa/page/n355 |page=329 }}</ref> later receiving a year's tuition in drawing at the Art School of South Kensington.{{sfnp|Mullens|Swann|1917|p=111}}
At the British Museum, he was appointed as an officer with two roles, as an assistant-keeper in [[zoology]] and as an assistant-librarian in 1879.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/statutesrulesfor00brit_3?q=Arthur+Gardiner+Butler|title=Statutes and Rules for the British Museum|last=Trustees of the Museum|date=10 December 1898|publisher=Woodfall and Kinder|location=London|pages=42, 48|via=Internet Archive (Biodiversity Heritage Library)}}</ref> He retired in 1901 and devoted his later life to his garden and cagebirds.<ref name="Pocock 1926"/>
Butler published many works on butterflies and moths, but [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] described these as merely "useful".<ref name="Pocock 1926"/> He also published articles on spiders of [[Australia]], the [[Galápagos Islands|Galápagos]], [[Madagascar]], and other places. In 1859, he described the ''[[Deana]]'' moth.<ref>{{Cite book |title=New Zealand inventory of biodiversity |date=2009–2012 |publisher=Canterbury University Press |author=Dennis P. Gordon |isbn=978-1-877257-72-8 |location=Christchurch, N.Z. |oclc=340800193}}</ref>
== Selected works == {{wikisource|works=or}}
=== Entomology === {{see also|:Category:Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler}} *"Monograph of the species of ''[[Charaxes]]'', a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera". ''Proceedings of the [[Zoological Society of London]]'' 1865:622–639 (1866) *''Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Family Satyridae in the Collection of the British Museum'' (1868) *''Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera Described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum'' (1870) *''Lepidoptera Exotica, or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera'' (1869–1874) *''A list of the spiders of the genus Acrosoma, with descriptions of new species'' (1873) *''Tropical Butterflies and Moths'' (1873) *''Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of New Zealand'' (1874) *''The butterflies of Malacca'' (1879). *"Catalogue of the Butterflies of New Zealand" (1880) *With [[Herbert Druce]] (1846–1913), "Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Lepidoptera from Costa Rica". ''Cistula entomologica'', 1: 95–118 (1872). *"On a Collection of Lepidoptera from Southern Africa, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species" ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (4) 16 (96): 394–420 (1875) *"Descriptions of Some New Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1888: 91–98 (1888) *"On Two Collection of Lepidoptera Sent by H. H. Johnston, Esq., C.B., From British Central Africa" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1893: 643–684, pl. 60 (1894) *"Description of a New Species of Butterfly of the Genus ''Amauris'' Obtained by Mr. Scott Elliot in East Central Africa" ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (6) 16 (91): 122–123 (1895) *On Lepidoptera recently collected in British East Africa by Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1895: 722–742, pl. 42–43 (1896) *"On Two Collections of Lepidoptera Made by Mr R. Crawshay in Nyasa-land" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1896: 817–850, pl. 41–42 (1897)
=== Ornithology === * ''Foreign Birds for Cage and Aviary, Order Passeres'' (1896–1897) illustrated by [[Frederick William Frohawk]] (1861–1946) * [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006599904 ''Foreign Birds for Cage and Aviary''] (1910) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=fLg3AQAAMAAJ ''Foreign Finches in Captivity''] 2nd edition (1899) * {{cite book |last=Butler |first=Arthur Gardiner |author-link=Arthur Gardiner Butler |author-mask=2 |title=British Birds' Eggs: A Handbook of British Oölogy |date=1886 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924000181226 |location=London |publisher=E.W. Janson |id={{OCLC|7255543|show=all}} }}
== References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Pocock 1926">{{cite journal |last1=Pocock |first1=R. I. |title=Obituary Notices: Dr. Arthur Gardiner Butler |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London |date=1926 |volume=138 |issue=1 |pages=75–76 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1926.tb01372.x}}</ref> }}
== Sources == * {{cite book |last1=Mullens |first1=William Herbert |last2=Swann |first2=Harry Kirke |author2-link=Harry Kirke Swann |title=Bibliography of British ornithology from the earliest times to the end of 1912, including biographical accounts of the principal writers and bibliographies of their published works |date=1917 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/118983 |id={{OCLC|820085516|show=all}} }} (p. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50921055 111]–112)
== External links == {{Wikispecies}} *[https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rider/Pentatomoidea/Biographical/biographical_B.htm#ButlerA Some biblio/biographical information] on Butler on the website of [[North Dakota State University]] (NDSU) *[https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A(Arthur+Gardiner+Butler) Internet Archive] has digital copies of several works by Gardiner Butler.
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Butler, Arthur Gardiner}} [[Category:1844 births]] [[Category:1925 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century English zoologists]] [[Category:20th-century English zoologists]] [[Category:Entomologists from London]] [[Category:English lepidopterists]] [[Category:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London]] [[Category:People educated at St Paul's School, London]] [[Category:People associated with the British Museum]] [[Category:People from Beckenham]] [[Category:People from Chelsea, London]]