{{Short description|Extinct Dutch language newspaper}} thumb|Front page of De Preangerbode from November 4, 1918
'''De Preangerbode''' (Dutch: ''The Parahyangan messenger'') was a Dutch language newspaper published in Bandung, Preanger Regencies Residency, Dutch East Indies (later Indonesia) from 1896 to 1957. After 1923 it was renamed '''Algemeen Indisch Dagblad de Preangerbode''' (Dutch: ''Indies-wide Daily Paper, The Parahyangan messenger'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Termorshuizen |first1=Gerard |title=Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942 |date=2011 |publisher=Nijgh & Van Ditmar |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9789038894287 |page=76}}</ref>
== History ==
The ''Preangerbode'' was founded in 1896 in Bandung, with J. De Vries & Co. as the publisher. One of the co-founders was Jan Fabricius, father of the writer Johan Fabricius. He worked with Klaas de Vries in bookselling and book publishing in Bandung during this time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beberapa Toko Buku Tempo Dulu di Bandung |url=https://mooibandoeng.com/2013/06/28/beberapa-toko-buku-tempo-dulu-di-bandung/ |website=mooibandoeng |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=en |date=28 June 2013}}</ref> Jan had worked for newspapers in the Netherlands and Batavia before becoming cofounder and first editor of this paper.<ref name="Nijkeuter">{{cite book |last1=Nijkeuter |first1=Henk |title=Geschiedenis van de Drentse literatuur, 1816-1956 |date=2003 |publisher=Van Gorcum |isbn=9789023239123 |page=603}}</ref>
Jan Fabricius was diagnosed with liver disease in 1902 and was forced to return to the Netherlands.<ref name="Nijkeuter" /> In 1902 the paper was acquired by the Kolff firm, owner of the Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad. According to Gerard Termorshuizen, historian of Indies newspapers, during this time the paper was mainly of local interest and relied mostly on content from its parent paper the Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad for wider news.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p577-8">{{cite book |last1=Termorshuizen |first1=Gerard |title=Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942 |date=2011 |publisher=Nijgh & Van Ditmar |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9789038894287 |pages=577–8}}</ref> During this time it had slightly over one thousand subscribers.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p577-8" /> Under the editorship of Willem Frederik Marinus van Schaik, who ran the paper from 1904 to 1910, the paper was a mild supporter of the Ethical Policy, but did not involve itself too deeply in politics.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p577-8" /> After retiring from the ''Preangerbode'' van Schaik returned to the Netherlands and became head editor of Leeuwarder Courant and later of the Deventer Dagblad.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p577-8" />
The next editor of the newspaper was Theodoor E. Stufkens, who ran it from 1910 to 1921.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p578-80">{{cite book |last1=Termorshuizen |first1=Gerard |title=Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942 |date=2011 |publisher=Nijgh & Van Ditmar |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9789038894287 |pages=578–80}}</ref> During his tenure at the newspaper, the first modern nationalist parties arose in the colony, Ernest Douwes Dekker's Indische Party as well as the Sarekat Islam. As with most Dutch newspapers, the ''Preangerbode'' was extremely hostile to these movements and Stufkens dedicated himself to slandering them, even published a pseudonymous novel called ''Meta Mormel''.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p578-80" /> During the First World War, the ''Preangerbode'' also gained a reputation as a good source of information from the German side.<ref>{{cite book |last1=van Dijk |first1=Kees |title=The Netherlands Indies and the Great War, 1914-1918 |date=2007 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=9789004260474 |pages=201–2}}</ref>
In 1913 the Kolff firm sold the paper to the N.V. Maatschappij Vorkink and relocated to a new office on the ''Groote Postweg'' in Bandung, and added some new editors including H. Mulder and Bart Daum (son of Paulus Adrianus Daum) and .<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p578-80" /> In 1919 the ownership was restructured again into the N.V. Preangerbode with the previous owner Vorkink remaining in charge.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p578-80" /> It was around this time that the Indonesian nationalist figure Abdul Muis worked as a proofreader for the paper, before moving onto a more important role in the Malay language press of the Indies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adam |first1=Ahmat |title=The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness (1855-1913) |date=1995 |publisher=Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University |location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=9780877277163 |page=167}}</ref>
In 1921, Bart Daum became head editor, a post he held until 1929.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 p578-80" /> He soon shared the duties with another editor, C.A. Crayé, who held his post from 1923 to 1929.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 intro">{{cite book |last1=Termorshuizen |first1=Gerard |title=Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942 |date=2011 |publisher=Nijgh & Van Ditmar |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9789038894287 |page=xviii}}</ref> By 1923, the newspaper was estimated to have a circulation of six thousand, which grew to seven thousand by 1930.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Termorshuizen |first1=Gerard |title=Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942 |date=2011 |publisher=Nijgh & Van Ditmar |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9789038894287 |page=80}}</ref>
After 1929 two new editors were appointed: C.W. Wormser (1929 to 1934) and C.J. Nauta (1929 to 1937).<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 intro" />
In 1934 A. Goote was appointed editor, a position he only held until the following year.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 intro" /> And in 1936 B. Sluimer was appointed to the position, which he held until the outbreak of the war in 1942.<ref name="Termorshuizen 2011 intro" /> The paper printed its final prewar issue on March 2, 1942; it was later refounded during the war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Termorshuizen |first1=Gerard |title=Realisten en reactionairen : een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse pers 1905-1942 |date=2011 |publisher=Nijgh & Van Ditmar |location=Rotterdam |isbn=9789038894287 |page=587}}</ref>
The postwar editor of the newspaper was J.P. Verhoek, who ran it in the early period of Indonesian independence, from 1950 to 1956. He resigned in 1956 after a disagreement with the management, but he stayed in Indonesia working De Volkskrant and other newspapers until finally returning to the Netherlands in 1958.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archief J.P. Verhoek |url=https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/ARCH01867 |website=International Institute of Social History |accessdate=27 June 2020 |language=Dutch}}</ref>
''De Preangerbode'' closed along with all other Dutch-language press in Indonesia as a result of the 1 December 1957 regulation which prohibited them as a punishment for the Dutch position in the West New Guinea dispute. Currently the Indonesian newspaper Pikiran Rakyat occupies the former building of the ''Preangerbode'' on the ''Grote Postweg'' in Bandung, which is now called Jalan Asia-Afrika.<ref>{{cite web |title=De Preangerbode |url=https://toondertijd.nl/de-preangerbode/ |website=Toondertijd |accessdate=26 June 2020 |language=nl}}</ref>
== External links ==
* [https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/results?query=&page=1&sortfield=date&cql%5B%5D=(date+_gte_+%2201-01-1618%22)&cql%5B%5D=(date+_lte_+%2231-12-1995%22)&cql%5B%5D=ppn+any+(843355972)&coll=dddtitel Issues of De Preangerbode] available on the newspaper archive site Delpher.
== References == {{Reflist}}
Preangerbode Preangerbode Category:Right-wing newspapers Category:Dutch-language newspapers published in the Dutch East Indies Category:Mass media in Bandung