Bivalvulida

{{Short description|Order of marine parasites}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Henneguya postexilis (10.12782-specdiv.29.23) Figure 2.png | image_upright = 0.5 | image_caption = ''Henneguya postexilis'' | taxon = Bivalvulida | authority = Shulman, 1959 | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = *Platysporina *Sphaeromyxina *Variisporina }}

'''Bivalvulida''' is an order of myxosporean parasites which contains a number of species which cause economically significant losses to aquaculture and fisheries, such as ''Myxobolus cerebralis'' and ''Ceratomyxa shasta''. The Myxosporean stages of members of the bivalvulida are characterised by their two spore valves (hence the name), which meet in a "suture line" which encircles the spore. They usually contain two polar capsules, but species have been reported which contain either one or four.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

==Taxonomy and systematics== The order Bivalvulida is composed of three suborders and thirteen families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=120239|title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Bivalvulida|website=marinespecies.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-09}}</ref> *Suborder Platysporina Kudo, 1919<ref name=II>Kudo, R. (1919). Studies on Myxosporidia. A synopsis of genera and species of Myxosporidia. ''Illinois Biological Monographs'', 5.</ref> **Myxobolidae Thélohan, 1892<ref name=III>Thélohan, P. (1892). Observation sur les myxosporidies et essai de classification de ces organismes. ''Bulletin de la Société Philomatique de Paris'', 4, 165–178.</ref> *Suborder Sphaeromyxina Lom & Noble, 1984<ref name=IV>Lom, J. & Noble, E. R. (1984). Revised classification of the class Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881. ''Folia Parasitologica'', 31, 193–205.</ref> **Sphaeromyxidae Lom & Noble, 1984<ref name=IV/> *Suborder Variisporina Lom & Noble, 1984<ref name=IV/> **Auerbachiidae **Alatasporidae Shulman, Kovaleva & Dubina, 1979<ref name=V>Shulman, S. S., Kovaleva, A. A. & Dubina, V. R. (1979). New myxosporidians from fishes of the Atlantic coast of Africa. ''Parazitologiya'', 13, 71–79.</ref> **Ceratomyxidae Doflein, 1899<ref name=VI>Doflein, F. (1899). Amerikanische Dekapoden der k. bayerischen Staatssammlungen. ''Sitzungberichte der mathematisch-physische Klasse der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften'', 29, 177–195.</ref> **Chloromyxidae Thélohan, 1892<ref name=III/> **Coccomyxidae Léger & Hesse, 1907<ref name=VII>Léger, L. & Hesse, E. (1907). Sur une nouvelle Myxosporidie parasite de la sardine. ''Compte Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris'', 145, 85–87.</ref> **Fabesporidae Naidenova & Zaika, 1969<ref name=VIII>Naidenova, N. N. & Zaika, W. E. (1969). Two new species of Protozoa from the fishes of the Black Sea. ''Parazitologiya'', 3, 97–101.</ref> **Myxidiidae Thélohan, 1892<ref name=III/> **Myxobilatidae Shulman, 1953<ref name=IX>Shulman, S. S. (1953). New and little-studied myxosporids. ''Zoologicheskii Zhurnal'', 32(3), 384–393.</ref> **Ortholineidae Lom & Noble, 1984<ref name=IV/> **Parvicapsulidae Shulman, 1953<ref name=IX/> **Sinuolineidae Shulman, 1959<ref name=I>Shulman, S. S. (1959). New classification of Myxosporidia. ''Trudy Karel'skogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Parazitologiya'', 33–47.</ref> **Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917<ref name=X>Davis, H. S. (1917). The Myxosporidia of the Beaufort Region. A systematic and biologic study. ''Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries'', 35, 201–243.</ref>

==Gallery== Drawings and scanning electron microscopy of species of ''Chloromyxum'' <gallery>

Parasite180057-fig1 Chloromyxum atlantoraji SEM.png|''Chloromyxum atlantoraji'' Parasite180057-fig2 Chloromyxum atlantoraji drawing.png|''Chloromyxum atlantoraji'' Parasite180057-fig4 Chloromyxum zearaji drawing.png|''Chloromyxum zearaji'' </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Bivalvulida Category:Myxosporea Category:Cnidaria orders