Clausiliidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range = |image = Door snail.jpg |image_caption = ''Cochlodina laminata'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Clausiliidae |authority = J. E. Gray, 1855<ref>J. E. Gray. April 14, 1855. Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum, Part I: 156.</ref> |type_genus = ''Clausilia'' |type_genus_authority = Draparnaud, 1805 |subdivision_ranks = Genera }}

'''Clausiliidae''', also known by the common name '''door snails''', is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.<ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2023-04-11</ref>

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species,<ref name="WoRMS"/> this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".

==Shell description== [[File:Megalophaedusa martensi 02.jpg|left|thumb|''Megalophaedusa martensi'' is the largest species of the family Clausiliidae in the world. The individual in the photograph has a shell which is 45.5 mm long. The whole snail weighs 3.2 g live.]]

Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are sinistral (left-handed), which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shells in general.

These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired, with numerous whorls.

The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.

===The clausilium=== {{Main|clausilium}} [[File:Clausilia dubia clausilium.jpg|thumb|The clausilium of ''Clausilia dubia'']] Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or clausilium. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum, which does not exist at all in most pulmonate gastropods.

The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.

== Anatomy == In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).<ref name="Barker">Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]''. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.</ref>

==Taxonomy== The type genus is ''Clausilia'' Draparnaud, 1805.

The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref>

===2005 taxonomy=== The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows:

subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855 * tribe Baleini (previously the subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913) – synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999 * tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 – synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924 * tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979

subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 * tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913 * tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) – synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923 * tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 – synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.) * tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997 * tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972

subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981<ref>Nordsieck H. (1981). ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' '''111'''(1-3): 101.</ref>

subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926 * tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926 * tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002

subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978 * tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978<ref>Nordsieck H. (1978). ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' '''109'''(1-3): 104.</ref> * tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985<ref>Nordsieck H. (1985). ''Heldia'' '''1'''(3): 83.</ref>

subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923

subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924 * tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 – synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962 * tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002 * tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002 * tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994

subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 – Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930

subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922 * † tribe Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014 * tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 – synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954 * † tribe Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922 * † tribe Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927 * tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007

subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927

==Genera== Genera include:

=== Clausiliinae === Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * ''Acrotoma'' O. Boettger, 1881 – with four subgenera: ''Acrotoma'', ''Acrotomina'' H. Nordsieck, 1977; ''Bzybia'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 and ''Castelliana'' Suvorov, 2002 * ''Akramowskia'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * ''Armenica'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera: ''Armenica'' and ''Astrogena'' Szekeres, 1970 * ''Inobseratella'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Phrygica'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 * ''Roseniella'' Thiele, 1931 – with two subgenera: ''Chavchetia'' Neubert, 1992 and ''Roseniella'' * ''Scrobifera'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Sprattia'' O. Boettger, 1883

tribe Baleini * ''Alinda'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera: ''Alinda'' and ''Pseudalinda'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Balea'' J. E. Gray, 1824 * ''Bulgarica'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with three subgenera ''Bulgarica'', ''Pavlovicia'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 and ''Strigilecula'' Kennard & Woodward, 1923 * ''Lacinaria'' Hartmann, 1842 * ''Likharevia'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * ''Mentissa'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 * ''Mentissella'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * ''Micropontica'' O. Boettger, 1881 – with two subgenera: ''Baleopsina'' Lindholm, 1924 and ''Micropontica'' * ''Mucronaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera: ''Index'' O. Boettger, 1877 and ''Mucronaria'' * ''Quadriplicata'' O. Boettger, 1878 * ''Strigillaria'' Vest, 1867 * ''Vestia'' Hesse, 1916 – with three subgenera: ''Brabenecia'' H. Nordsieck, 1974; ''Vestia'' and ''Vestiella'' H. Nordsieck, 1877

Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * ''Boettgeria'' O. Boettger, 1863 – with two subgenera: ''Boettgeria''and ''Loosjesiella'' Neubert & Groh, 1998 * ''Macroptychia'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Sabaeola'' Lindholm, 1925

tribe Clausiliini * † ''Canalicia'' O. Boettger, 1863 * ''Clausilia'' Draparnaud, 1805<ref>{{Cite Q|Q106839645}}</ref> – with two subgenera: ''Clausilia'' and ''Strobeliella'' H. Nordsieck, 1977<ref name="FE Clausiliini">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121012221948/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=422664 "Clausiliini"]. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.</ref> * ''Erjavecia'' Brusina, 1870<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * ''Erjaveciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 * ''Fusulus'' Fitzinger, 1833 – with two subgenera: ''Erjaveciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 and ''Fusulus''<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * † ''Hollabrunnella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Julica'' H. Nordsieck, 1963<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * ''Macrogastra'' Hartmann, 1841 – with three subgenera: ''Macrogastra'', ''Pseudovestia'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 and ''Pyrostoma'' Vest, 1867<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * ''Micridyla'' H. Nordsieck, 1973<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * † ''Parafusulus'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † ''Pliodiptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * ''Pseudidyla'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Pseudofusulus'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 – has the only one species: ''Pseudofusulus varians''<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * ''Ruthenica'' Lindholm, 1924<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> * † ''Trolliella'' H. Nordsieck, 1981

Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † ''Emarginaria'' O. Boettger, 1877

Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002 * ''Euxinella'' H. Nordsieck, 1973

Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * ''Filosa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Idyla'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera: ''Idyla'' and ''Strigilidyla'' H. Nordsieck, 1994

tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * ''Graciliaria'' Bielz, 1867<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121012221948/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=422664 "''Graciliaria''"]. Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.</ref> * † ''Truciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1978

Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 * ''Elia'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with four subgenera: ''Acroeuxina'' O. Boettger, 1877; ''Caucasica'' O. Boettger, 1877; ''Elia'' and ''Megaleuxina'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Euxina'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera: ''Euxina'' and ''Illunellaria'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Euxinastra'' O. Boettger, 1888 – with two subgenera: ''Euxinastra'' and ''Odonteuxina'' H. Nordsieck, 1875 * ''Galeata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Mentissoidea'' O. Boettger, 1877

Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002 * ''Olympicola'' Hesse, 1916 * † ''Scrobiferoides'' Neubert, 1996

Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * ''Bitorquata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Blaeneuxina'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2020 * ''Strigileuxina'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * ''Sumelia'' H. Nordsieck, 1994

Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * ''Strumosa'' O. Boettger, 1877

=== Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 === Alopiinae<ref>Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/13843?mode=more "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails"]. Doctoral thesis, Leiden University, {{ISBN|90-6464-874-3}}.</ref> * † ''Dextrospira'' Hrubesch, 1965

tribe Alopiini * ''Alopia'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera ''Alopia'' and ''Kimakowiczia'' Szekeres, 1969 * ''Herilla'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Montenegrina'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Protoherilla'' A. J. Wagner, 1921 * † ''Protriloba'' H. Nordsieck, 2014 * ''Triloba'' Vest, 1867

tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) * ''Cochlodina'' A. Férussac, 1821 – with four subgenera: ''Cochlodina''; ''Cochlodinastra'' H. Nordsieck, 1977; ''Paracochlodina'' H. Nordsieck, 1969; ''Procochlodina'' H. Nordsieck, 1969 * ''Macedonica'' O. Boettger, 1877

tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956 * ''Barcania'' Brandt, 1956 * ''Charpentieria'' Stabille, 1864 – with subgenera: ''Charpentieria'' * ''Delima'' Hartmann, 1842 – with four subgenera: ''Delima''; ''Dugiana'' Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; ''Piceata'' O. Boettger, 1877 and ''Semirugata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Dilataria'' Vest, 1867 * ''Gibbularia'' Cecconi, 1908 * ''Mauritanica'' O. Boettger, 1879 * ''Papillifera'' Hartmann, 1842 * ''Sicania'' Tomlin, 1929 * ''Stigmatica'' O. Boettger, 1877

tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997 * ''Agathylla'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with two subgenera ''Agathylla'' and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969 * ''Albinaria'' Vest, 1867 – also includes former genus''Sericata'' O. Boettger, 1878. * ''Carinigera'' Möllendorff, 1873 * ''Cristataria'' Vest, 1867 * ''Inchoatia'' Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006<ref>Gittenberger E. & Uit de Weerd D. R. (2009). "Summarizing data on the ''Inchoatia'' taxa, including ''Inchoatia megdova bruggeni'' subspec. nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae)" ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' '''83''' http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a08 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116182332/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a08 |date=16 January 2014 }}</ref> * ''Isabellaria'' Vest, 1867 * ''Lampedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with two subgenera ''Imitatrix'' Westerlund, 1884 and ''Lampedusa'' * ''Leucostigma'' A. J. Wagner, 1919 * ''Medora'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Muticaria'' Lindholm, 1925 * ''Strigilodelima'' A. J. Wagner, 1924 * ''Vallatia'' E. Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006

=== Constrictinae === Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera: * † ''Constricta'' O. Boettger, 1877 – type genus of the subfamily<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * † ''Regiclausilia'' H. Nordsieck, 1981

=== Eualopiinae === Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera: * † ''Ambiguella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Formosana'' O. Boettger, 1877

Tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978 * † ''Eualopia'' O. Boettger, 1877 – type genus of the subfamily<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * † ''Monoptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 1972

Tribe † Rillyini † H. Nordsieck, 1985 * † ''Neniopsilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2020 * † ''Neniopsis'' Wenz, 1920 * † ''Omanillya'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † ''Pararillya'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * † ''Proalbinaria'' O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 189 * † ''Rillya'' Munier-Chalmas [in P. Fischer], 1883 – type genus of the tribe<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * † ''Neniopsilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2020 * † ''Neniopsis'' Wenz, 1920 * † ''Omanillya'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † ''Pararillya'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * † ''Proalbinaria'' O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 1895

=== Garnieriinae === * tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926 * ''Garnieria'' Bourguignat, 1877 * tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002 * ''Euryauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Grandinenia'' Minato & Chen, 1984 * ''Indonenia'' Ehrmann, 1927 * ''Megalauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Tropidauchenia'' Lindholm, 1924 -

=== Laminiferinae === * ''Bofilliella'' Ehrmann, 1927 * ''Neniatlanta'' Bouguignat, 1876 * ''Margaritiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * ''Minatoia'' Hunyadi & Szekeres, 2016

Tribe Laminiferini Wenz, 1923 * † ''Baboria'' Cossmann, 1898 * † ''Laminifera'' O. Boettger, 1863 – the type genus of the family Laminiferinae.<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> Its type species is fossil.<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> * † ''Laminiplica'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * † ''Omanifera'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016

Tribe † Oospiroidesini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † ''Oospiroides'' Wenz, 1920

Tribe † Polloneriini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † ''Polloneria'' Sacco, 1886

=== Mentissoideinae === synonym of the tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 (superseded classification)

=== Neniinae Wenz, 1923=== Tribe Neniini Wenz, 1923 * ''Gonionenia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * ''Nenia'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Neniops'' Pilsbry, 1926<ref>{{Cite Q|Q116264204}}</ref> * ''Paranenia'' Rehder, 1939

===Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005=== * ''Andinia'' Polinski, 1922 * ''Audiniastra'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * ''Andiniella'' Weyrauch, 1958 * ''Bequaertinenia'' Weyrauch, 1964 – with two subgenera: ''Bequaertinenia'' and ''Miranenia'' Grego & Szekeres, 2004 * ''Brevinenia'' Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005 * ''Columbinia'' Polinski, 1924 – with subgenera: ''Columbinia'' and ''Steatonenia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * ''Cyclonenia'' H. Nordsieck, 1999 * ''Cylindronenia'' Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 – with two subgenera: ''Cylindronenia'' and ''Cylindroneniella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Ehrmanniella'' Zilch, 1949 * ''Gracilinenia'' Polinski, 1922 * ''Hemicena'' Pilsbry, 1949 * ''Incaglaia'' Pilsbry, 1949 – with two subgenera: ''Gibbonenia'' Zilch, 1954 and ''Incaglaia'' * ''Incania'' Polinski, 1922 * ''Leuconenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * ''Neniaptyx'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Neniatracta'' Pilsbry, 1926 * ''Neniella'' Grego & Sekeres, 2004 * ''Parabalea'' Ancey, 1882 * ''Peruinia'' Polinski, 1922 * ''Pfeifferiella'' Weyrauch, 1957 * ''Pseudogracilinenia'' Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984 * ''Steeriana'' Jousseaume, 1900 * ''Symptychiella'' H. Nordsieck, 1999 – with two subgenera: ''Divnenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 and ''Symptychiella'' * ''Temesa'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Zilchiella'' Weyrauch, 1957

=== Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922=== * ''Selenophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Siciliaria'' Vest, 1867

Tribe † Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014 * † ''Disjunctaria'' O. Boettger, 1877

Tribe † Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † ''Nordsieckia'' Truc, 1972 * † ''Serruluna'' H. Nordsieck, 1981

tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922 * ''Acanthophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Atractophaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1927 * ''Bacillophaedusa'' Grego & Szekeres, 2011 * ''Bathyptychia'' Lindholm, 1925 – with three subgenera: ''Bathyptychia''; ''Brachyptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 and ''Strictiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * ''Castanophaedusa'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017 * ''Celsiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * ''Changphaedusa'' Motochin & Ueshima, 2017 * ''Cylindrophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with three subgenera: ''Cylindrophaedusa'' and ''Montiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * ''Dautzenbergiella'' Lindholm, 1924 – with two subgenera: ''Dautzenbergiella'' and ''Mansuyiella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * ''Euphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with subgenera: ''Dentiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003; ''Euphaedusa''; and ''Telophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * ''Fuchsiana'' Gredler, 1887 * ''Hemiphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with subgenera: ''Dendrophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002; ''Hemiphaedusa''; ''Hemiphaedusoides'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Hemizaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905; ''Labyrinthiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Pinguiphaedusa'' Azuma, 1982; ''Placeophaedusa'' Minato, 1994) * ''Juttingia'' Loosjes, 1965 – with two subgenera: ''Juttingia'' and ''Pseudohemiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * ''Liparophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Loosjesia'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * ''Luchuphaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1901 – with two subgenera: ''Luchuphaedusa'' and ''Nesiophaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1905 * ''Macrophaedusa'' Moellendorff, 1883 * ''Macrophaedusella'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * ''Megalophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 – with four subgenera: ''Megalophaedusa''; ''Mesophaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1929; ''Mesozaptyx'' Kuroda, 1963 and ''Mundiphaedusa'' Minato, 1979. (''Neophaedusa'' is a synonym of ''Megalophaedusa'').<ref>cf. Nordsieck H. (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060315221206/http://www.clausilia.de/23801/home.html "Species list of recent Clausiliidae"].</ref> * ''Messageriella'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017 * ''Miraphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * ''Musaphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2018 * ''Nannophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2012 * ''Notoptychia'' Ehrmann, 1927 * ''Oospira'' Blanford, 1872<ref name="Maassen 2007"/> – with subgenera ''Formosanella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003; ''Oospira''; ''Paraformosella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 and ''Siphonophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Papilliphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * ''Paraphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Phaedusa'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 – with subgenera: ''Metaphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Phaedusa''; ''Pseudophaedusa'' Tomiyama, 1984 * ''Probosciphaedusa'' Z.-Y. Chen, 2021 * ''Reinia'' Kobelt, 1876 – with three subgenera: ''Parareinia'' H. Nordsieck, 1998; ''Pictophaedusa'' Azuma, 1982 and ''Reinia'' * ''Serriphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * ''Sinigena'' Lindholm, 1925 * ''Solitariphaedusa'' Motochin & Ueshima, 2017 * ''Stereophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Streptodera'' Lindholm, 1925 * ''Tauphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * ''Tosaphaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1929 * ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1901 – with two subgenera: ''Prozaptyx'' Loosjes, 1950 and ''Zaptyx''

Tribe † Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † ''Serrulastra'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 * † ''Serrulella'' H. Nordsieck, 1978

Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927 * ''Caspiophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Cotyorica'' Grego & Szekeres, 2017 * ''Dobatia'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * † ''Euxinophaedusa'' Likharev, 1962 * ''Graecophaedusa'' Rähle, 1982 * ''Laeviphaedusa'' Likharev & Stelkov, 1965 * ''Microphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * ''Nothoserrulina'' Németh & Szekeres, 1995 * ''Pamphylica'' Németh & Szekeres, 1995 * ''Pontophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Pontophaedusella'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 * ''Pravispira'' Lindholm, 1924 * ''Sciocochlea'' C. Boettger, 1935 * ''Serrulina'' Mousson, 1873 * ''Truncatophaedusa'' Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994 * ''Tsoukatosia'' Gittenberger, 2000 – with two subgenera: ''Agiosspeleikos'' A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and ''Tsoukatosia''

Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * ''Excussispira'' Lindholm, 1925 * ''Synprosphyma'' A. J. Wagner, 1920

==Synonyms== * ''Diceratoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym) * ''Heterozaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1906: synonym of ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym) * ''Kazancia'' Neubert, 1992: synonym of '' '' Lindholm, 1924 (junior synonym) * ''Leptacme'' Ehrmann, 1927:<ref name="Maassen 2007">Maassen W. J. M. & Gittenberger E. (2007). "Three new clausiliid land snails from Tonkin, northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' '''81'''(1): http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007191146/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 |date=7 October 2011 }}</ref> synonym of ''Oospira (Leptocochlea)'' Grego & Szekeres, 2011 represented as ''Oospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1872 * ''Lindholmiella'' Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of ''Oospira (Lindholmiella)'' Ehrmann, 1927 represented as ''Oospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1872 * ''Metazaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905synonym of ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Neniauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2002: synonym of ''Grandinenia'' Minato & D.-N. Chen, 1984 * ''Neostyriaca'' A. J. Wagner, 1920:<ref name="FE Clausiliini"/> synonym of ''Clausilia (Neostyriaca)'' A. J. Wagner, 1920 represented as ''Clausilia'' Draparnaud, 1805 * ''Oligozaptx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Parazaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Parazaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Pliciphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 1998: synonym of ''Stereophaedusa (Pliciphaedusa)'' H. Nordsieck, 1998 represented as ''Stereophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Pulchraptyx'' Minato, 1981: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Pulchraptyx)'' Minato, 1981 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Renschiphaedusa'' Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973: synonym of ''Phaedusa'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Selenoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Selenoptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1908 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Serrulinella'' H. Nordsieck, 1984: synonym of ''Serrulina (Serrulinella)'' H. Nordsieck, 1984 represented as ''Serrulina'' Mousson, 1873 (unaccepted rank) * ''Stereozaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Thaumatoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Thaumatoptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1908 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Tyrannophaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of ''Megalophaedusa (Tyrannophaedusa)'' Pilsbry, 1900 represented as ''Megalophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Tyrannozaptyx'' Käufel, 1930: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Tyrannozaptyx)'' Käufel, 1930 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Zaptychopsis'' Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Zaptychopsis)'' Ehrmann, 1927 represented as ''Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900

== Conservation == Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lydeard |first=C. |author2=Cowie R. |author3=Ponder, W.F. |date=April 2004 |title=The global decline of nonmarine mollusks |journal=BioScience |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0321:TGDONM]2.0.CO;2 |display-authors=etal |df=dmy |doi-access=free }}</ref> the ''IUCN Red list'' listed only 9 species<ref>IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 5 March 2010.</ref> from this family.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== * Maltz T. K. & Sulikowska-Drozd A. (2008) "Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland — Knowns and Unknowns". ''Annales Zoologici'' '''58'''(4): 857-880. {{doi|10.3161/000345408X396783}}. * Nordsieck H. (2007). ''Worldwide Door Snails''. ConchBooks, 213 pp. {{ISBN|978-3-939767-07-7}}. * Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Leiden University. [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/13843?mode=more HTM], [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/13843/1/thesis.pdf PDF]. * Uit de Weerd D. R., Piel W. H. & Gittenberger E. (2004). "Widespread polyphyly among Alopiinae snail genera: when phylogeny mirrors biogeography more closely than morphology". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''33'''(3): 533-548. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.010}} * Páll-Gergely B. & Szekeres M., 2017. New and little-known Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Laos and southern Vietnam. Journal of Conchology 42(6): 507-519

==External links== {{Commons category}} * Nordsieck H. (2005–2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.clausilia.de/ www.clausilia.de] at Internet Archive. * Nordsieck H.: [http://www.hnords.de http://www.hnords.de]: Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae). * [https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2718/ BioLib info]

Category:Clausiliidae Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray