Chrysopa perla

{{Short description|Species of lacewing}} {{Speciesbox | image = Chrysopidae 01 (MK).jpg | image_caption = Near Havelsee, Germany | taxon = Chrysopa perla | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) |synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/5d1d7bb650134bca8a97d2b7e5a5e84a Catalogue of the world]</ref> |synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |''Aeolops perla'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |''Aeolops viridis'' (Retzius, 1783) |''Chrysopa cancellata'' (Schrank, 1802) |''Chrysopa chrysops'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |''Chrysopa divisa'' Navás, 1910 |''Chrysopa elongata'' Lacroix, 1916 |''Chrysopa fallax'' Navás, 1914 |''Chrysopa nigrodorsalis'' Pongrácz, 1912 |''Chrysopa nothochrysiformis'' Lacroix, 1915 |''Chrysopa reticulata'' Curtis, 1834 |''Cintameva nothochrysodes'' Navás, 1936 |''Cintameva perla'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ''Emerobius chrysops'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |''Hemerobius cancellatus'' Schrank, 1802 |''Hemerobius chrysops'' Linnaeus, 1758 |''Hemerobius perla'' Linnaeus, 1758 ''Hemerobius reticulatus'' (Leach in Brewster, 1815) |''Hemerobius viridis'' Retzius, 1783 |''Osmylus chrysops'' (Linnaeus, 1758) }}}}

'''''Chrysopa perla''''', the '''Pearly Green Lacewing''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.landscapebritain.co.uk/wildlife/pearly-green-lacewing/|title=Pearly Green Lacewing|website=Landscape Britain|access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref> is an insect species belonging to the green lacewing family, Chrysopidae (subfamily Chrysopinae).

==Distribution== This widespread species is present in most of Europe<ref>[https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d14019f8-5fb1-4037-a136-32c1d85b3bff Fauna europaea] </ref> and in temperate zones of Asia.<ref name=spot/><ref name=inse/>

==Habitat== These insects prefer cool and shady areas, mainly in deciduous woods, wet forests, woodland edges, hedge rows, scrubby grassland and shrubs.<ref name=comm/><ref name=spot/>

==Description== The adults reach {{convert|10|-|12|mm}} of length, with a wingspan of {{convert|25|-|30|mm}}.<ref name = inse>[http://www.insektenbox.de/sonsti/grperl.htm Insektenbox] {{in lang|de}} </ref><ref name = comm>J.K. Lindsey [http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Insects/Misc/Neuroptera/Chrysopa.perla.html Commanster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009223514/http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Insects/Misc/Neuroptera/Chrysopa.perla.html |date=2018-10-09 }}</ref> The basic coloration of the body is green. Wings are blue-green with black veins. They turn pale yellow during the winter. Several black markings are present on the head, the thorax and below the abdomen.<ref name=inse/> The second antennal segment is black.<ref name = spot>[https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/chrysopa-perla Nature Spot]</ref> This species is rather similar to ''Chrysopa dorsalis'', showing an oval pale spot between the eyes, which is roundish in ''C. perla''.<ref name=spot/>

==Biology== Adults can be encountered from May through August.<ref name=comm/> They are fearsome predators, primarily feeding on aphids,<ref name=inse/> occasionally on flower nectar.<ref name=spot/>

The females usually lay eggs near aphid colonies.<ref name=inse/> Larvae are predators, mainly feeding on Aphididae, Coccidae species and caterpillars (''Pieris brassicae'', ''Autographa gamma'').<ref name=comm/> The adult insects hibernate in winter.<ref name=inse/>

==Gallery== <gallery widths="200" heights="180"> File:Chrysopidae - Chrysopa perla-1.jpg|Dorsal view File:Chrysopidae - Chrysopa perla.JPG|Female. Side view File: Chrysopa.perla.wing.detail.jpg|Wing detail File:XN Chrysopa perla 00.jpg|Eating aphids File:Chrysopa perla.ogv|Video clip </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *[{{Google books|u2X-rfgU0ewC|page=417|plainurl=yes}} Chrysopa perla] p. 417 in {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-012257305-7/50063-1 |chapter=Terrestrial Arthropod Predators of Insect and Mite Pests |title=Handbook of Biological Control |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookbiologic00fish |url-access=limited |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookbiologic00fish/page/n407 383]–503 |year=1999 |last1=Hagen |first1=K.S |last2=Mills |first2=N.J |last3=Gordh |first3=G |last4=McMurtry |first4=J.A |editor1-first=Thomas S. |editor1-last=Bellows |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Fisher |isbn=978-0-12-257305-7 }} *{{cite book |last1=Plant |first1=Colin W. |year=1994 |title=Provisional atlas of the lacewings and allied insects (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera) of Britain and Ireland |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7445/ |isbn=978-1-870393-18-8 }} *{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/ee/8.6.1123 |title=Caryophyllene: An Attractant for the Green Lacewing |journal=Environmental Entomology |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1123–1125 |year=1979 |last1=Flint |first1=H. M |last2=Salter |first2=S. S |last3=Walters |first3=S }} *{{cite journal |doi=10.1023/A:1024270713493 |pmid=12921438 |title=Field Evaluation of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles as Attractants for Beneficial Insects: Methyl Salicylate and the Green Lacewing, ''Chrysopa nigricornis'' |year=2003 |last1=James |first1=David G |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=1601–1609 }} *{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80003-0 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibond/4/ |title=Optimal foraging in a uniform habitat: The search mechanism of the green lacewing |journal=Animal Behaviour |volume=28 |pages=10–19 |year=1980 |last1=Bond |first1=Alan B |url-access=subscription }} *{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.11.004 |pmid=15019519 |title=Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) has no direct effect on larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) |journal=Journal of Insect Physiology |volume=50 |issue=2–3 |pages=175–183 |year=2004 |last1=Romeis |first1=Jörg |last2=Dutton |first2=Anna |last3=Bigler |first3=Franz }} *{{cite book |title=Knowledge Encyclopedia Animal! |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-241-28964-8 |page=45 |date=2016-10-03 }}

==External links== * [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/260543 Uniprot] * {{Commons inline}} * {{Wikispecies inline}}

Category:Chrysopidae Category:Insects described in 1758 Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Neuroptera of Asia Category:Neuroptera of Europe Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus