{{Short description|Genus of ray-finned fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Chlorurus strongylocephalus 473622089 (cropped).jpg | image_caption = ''Chlorurus strongylocephalus'' | taxon = Chlorurus | authority = Swainson, 1839 | type_species = ''Scarus gibbus'' | type_species_authority = Rüppell, 1829<ref name = CofF>{{Cof record|genid=1564|title=''Chlorurus''|access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = *''Pseudoscarus'' <small>Bleeker, 1861</small> *''Xanothon'' <small>J.L.B. Smith, 1956</small> *''Ypsiscarus'' <small>Schultz, 1958</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name = Coffs>{{Cof family|family=Scaridae|access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref> }}
'''''Chlorurus ''''' is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204543 |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus Swainson, 1839 |publisher=Marinespecies.org |date= |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref><ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase genus |genus=Chlorurus |month=March |year=2018}}</ref>
==Etymology== The word {{'}}''Chlorurus''{{'}} comes from the Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail.
== Evolution == [[File:Chlorurus enneacanthus, Raa Atoll, Maldives imported from iNaturalist photo 473622472 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|''C. enneacanthus'' with an initial phase ''Scarus scaber'', in the Maldives]] ''Chlorurus'' is most closely related to its sister genus ''Scarus''. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Choat |first1=John. H. |last2=klanten |first2=Oya. S. |last3=Van Herwerden |first3=Lynne |last4=Robertson |first4=D. Ross |last5=Clements |first5=Kendall D. |date=November 2012 |title=Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes |url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |language=en |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=529–557 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Lydia L. |last2=Fessler |first2=Jennifer L. |last3=Alfaro |first3=Michael E. |last4=Streelman |first4=J. Todd |last5=Westneat |first5=Mark W. |date=October 2008 |title=Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=136–152 |bibcode=2008MolPE..49..136S |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.008 |pmc=3418665 |pmid=18621133}}</ref> In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene.<ref name=":0" />
A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 ''Chlorurus'' species recovered 5 major monophyletic clades.<ref name=":0" />
== Species == There are 18 species:<ref name=fishbase/> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Species !Terminal phase !Initial phase |- |''Chlorurus atrilunula'' <small>(Randall & Bruce, 1983)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus bleekeri'' <small>(de Beaufort, 1940)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus bowersi'' <small>(Snyder, 1909)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus capistratoides'' <small>(Bleeker, 1847)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus cyanescens'' <small>(Valenciennes, 1840)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus enneacanthus'' <small>(Lacépède, 1802)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus frontalis'' <small>(Valenciennes, 1840)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus genazonatus'' <small>(Randall & Bruce, 1983)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus gibbus'' <small>(Rüppell, 1829)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus japanensis'' <small>(Bloch, 1789)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus microrhinos'' <small>(Bleeker, 1854)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus oedema'' <small>(Snyder, 1909)</small> | | |- |''Chlorurus perspicillatus'' <small>(Steindachner, 1879)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus rhakoura'' <small>Randall & Anderson, 1997</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus sordidus'' <small>(Forsskål, 1775)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus spilurus'' <small>(Valenciennes, 1840)</small> |frameless | |- |''Chlorurus strongylocephalus'' <small>(Bleeker, 1855)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |- |''Chlorurus troschelii'' <small>(Bleeker, 1853)</small> |frameless |frameless|190x190px |}
==References== {{Commons category|Chlorurus}} {{Reflist}}
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Category:Chlorurus Category:Marine fish genera Category:Taxa named by William Swainson
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