{{Short description|Subfamily of ferns}} {{automatic taxobox | image = Cheilanthes parryi 1.jpg | image_caption = ''Myriopteris parryi'' | taxon = Cheilanthoideae | authority = W.C.Shieh | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text. | synonyms = Cheilanthaceae <small>B.K.Nayar</small> }}
'''Cheilanthoideae''' is one of the five subfamilies of the fern family Pteridaceae.<ref name=ChriZhanSchn11/><ref name=PPGI/> The subfamily is understood to be monophyletic, but some of the genera as currently defined are not. Most species are xeric-adapted, and the subfamily is most diverse in dry areas.
==Phylogenic relationships== The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between Cheilanthoideae and the other Pteridaceae subfamilies.<ref name=SchuPryeRankHauf08/> {{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100% |label1 = '''Pteridaceae''' |1={{clade |1=Cryptogrammoideae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Parkerioideae (syn. Ceratopteridoideae) |2=Pteridoideae}} |2={{clade |1=Vittarioideae |2=Cheilanthoideae}} }} }} }}
Although subfamily Cheilanthoideae itself is thought to be monophyletic, many of the genera into which it has been divided (including ''Cheilanthes'', ''Doryopteris'', ''Notholaena'', and ''Pellaea'') have been shown to be polyphyletic.<ref name=SchuSchnHuieWind07/>
==Genera== The following genera of Cheilanthoideae are recognized by the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'', which incorporates the arrangements of the hemionitid ferns published in Schuettpelz et al. 2025.<ref name=CFLW/> That arrangement separated a number of genera from ''Cheilanthes'' s.l. and ''Pellaea'' s.l., and subsumed ''Mildella'' and ''Oeosporangium'', formerly a Eurasian segregate of ''Cheilanthes'', under ''Aleuritopteris''. {{Div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''Adiantopsis'' <small>Fée</small> * ''Aleuritopteris'' <small>Fée</small> * ''Anthonya'' <small>Windham & Pryer</small> * ''Argyrochosma'' <small>(J.Sm.) Windham</small> * ''Aspidotis'' <small>(Nutt. ex Hooker) Copel.</small> * ''Astrolepis'' <small>D.M.Benham & Windham</small> * ''Baja'' <small>Windham & L.O.George</small> * ''Brasiliopteris'' <small>J.Prado, Schuettp. & Yatsk.</small> * ''Bommeria'' <small>E.Fourn.</small> * ''Calciphilopteris'' <small>Yesilyurt & H.Schneid.</small> * ''Carlottahallia'' <small>Windham</small> * ''Cheilanthes'' <small>Sw.</small> (''nom. cons.'') * ''Cheiloplecton'' <small>Fée</small> * ''Choristosoria'' <small>Kuhn</small> * ''Christenhuszia'' <small>Windham & Pryer</small> * ''Doryopteris'' <small>J.Sm.</small> (''nom. cons.'') * ''Estrella'' <small>Windham</small> * ''Gaga'' <small>Pryer, F.W. Li & Windham</small> * ''Hemionitis'' <small>L.</small> * ''Lytoneuron'' <small>(Klotzsch) Yesilyurt</small> * ''Mineirella'' <small>Ponce & Scataglini</small> * ''Myriopteris'' <small>Fée</small> * ''Namaquapteris'' <small>Windham & Pryer</small> * ''Notholaena'' <small>R.Br.</small> * ''Ormopteris'' <small>J.Sm.</small> * ''Paragymnopteris'' <small>K.H.Shing</small> * ''Parahemionitis'' <small>Panigrahi</small> * ''Pellaea'' <small>Link</small> (''nom. cons.'') * ''Pellaeopsis'' <small>J.Sm.</small> * ''Pentagramma'' <small>Yatsk., Windham & E.Wollenw.</small> * ''Quechuapteris'' <small>Windham</small> * ''Trachypteris'' <small>André ex Christ.</small> * ''Ynesmexia'' <small>Fauskee & Windham</small> {{Div col end}}
Some other genera that have been included in the subfamily (or split off from genera included in the subfamily) are:<ref name=ChriZhanSchn11/><ref name=PPGI/><ref name=CFLW/> * ''Allosorus'' <small>Bernh.</small> (''nom. rej.'') – not included by Christenhusz et al. (2011); accepted in PPG I. The type was subsequently discovered to belong to ''Cryptogramma'' and the name has been formally suppressed. * ''Mickelopteris'' <small>Fraser-Jenk.</small> – rendered unnecessary by conservation of ''Asplenium arifolium'' as a new type, so now a synonym of ''Parahemionitis''. * ''Mildella'' <small>Trev.</small> – subsumed in ''Aleuritopteris'' by Schuettpelz et al. * ''Oeosporangium'' <small>Vis.</small> – considered a synonym of ''Allosorus'' in PPG I, subsequently accepted for a group of largely European species and then subsumed in ''Aleuritopteris'' by Schuettpelz et al. * ''Pteridella'' <small>Mett. ex Kuhn</small> – accepted by Christenhusz & Chase (2014);<ref name=ChriChas14/> considered a synonym of ''Pellaeopsis'' by ''World Ferns''. * ''Sericopteris'' <small>Jing Zhao, X.M.Zhou & Z.R.He</small> – published in 2025 to resolve the polyphyly of ''Paragymnopteris''
Other sources take a radically different approach. {{As of|2025|October}}, ''Plants of the World Online'' places all of the possible genera of the Cheilanthoideae in the single genus ''Hemionitis''.<ref name=POWO_17397830-1/>
While much work remains to be done in delineating monophyletic genera in the cheilanthoids (''Cheilanthes'', ''Doryopteris'' and ''Pellaea'' remaining notably polyphyletic), several major clades have been consistently recovered in phylogenetic analyses and given informal names, as shown here:
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100% |label1 = cheilanthoids |1={{clade |label1="ludens clade" |1=''Calciphilopteris'' |2={{clade |label1=bommeriids |1=''Baja'', ''Bommeria'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1="skinneri clade" |1=''Ynesmexia'' |2={{clade |label1=myriopterids |label2=pellaeids |1=''Myriopteris'' |2=''Argyrochosma'', ''Astrolepis'', ''Paragymnopteris'', and ''Pellaea'' }} }} |2={{clade |label1=notholaenids |label2=hemionitids |1=''Cheilanthes leucopoda'', ''Cheiloplecton'', ''Notholaena'' |2=''Adiantopsis'', ''Aleuritopteris'', ''Anthonya'', ''Aspidotis'', ''Brasiliopteris'', ''Carlottahallia'', ''Cheilanthes'', ''Choristosoria'', ''Christenhuszia'', ''Doryopteris'', ''Estrella'', ''Gaga'', ''Hemionitis'', ''Lytoneuron'', ''Mineirella'', ''Namaquapteris'', ''Ormopteris'', ''Paragymnopteris'', ''Parahemionitis'', ''Pellaeopsis'', ''Pentagramma'', ''Quechuapteris'', ''Trachypteris'' }} }} }} }} }}
==References== {{Reflist|80em|refs= <ref name=CFLW>{{cite web |last=Hassler |first=Michael |date=October 12, 2025 |title=Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World |url=https://www.worldplants.de/world-ferns/ferns-and-lycophytes-list |accessdate=October 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name=ChriChas14>{{Cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |last2=Chase |first2=Mark W. |date=2014 |title=Trends and concepts in fern classification |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=113 |issue=9 |pages=571–594 |doi=10.1093/aob/mct299 |pmid=24532607 |pmc=3936591 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=ChriZhanSchn11>{{Cite journal |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten |last2=Zhang |first2=Xian-Chun |last3=Schneider |first3=Harald |date=2011 |title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=7–54 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/28042 |accessdate=2013-08-11 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free |bibcode=2011Phytx..19....7C |hdl=10138/28042 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=POWO_17397830-1>{{citation |mode=cs1 |title=''Hemionitis'' L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17397830-1 |accessdate=2019-12-31 }}</ref>
<ref name=PPGI>{{cite journal |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016JSyEv..54..563. }}</ref>
<ref name=SchuPryeRankHauf08>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Schuettpelz |first1=Eric |last2=Pryer |first2=Kathleen M. |last3=Ranker |first3=Tom A. |last4=Haufler |first4=Christopher H. |date=2008 |editor1-last=Ranker |editor1-first=Tom A. |editor2-last=Haufler |editor2-first=Christopher H. |contribution=Chapter 15 Fern phylogeny |title=Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes |pages=417–467 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-87411-3 |contribution-url=https://sites.duke.edu/pryerlab/files/2017/12/s-p-chapter15-2008.original.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-31 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=SchuSchnHuieWind07>{{Cite journal |last1=Schuettpelz |first1=Eric |last2=Schneider |first2=Harald |last3=Huiet |first3=Layne |last4=Windham |first4=Michael |last5=Pryer |first5=Kathleen M. |date=2007 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=1172–1185 |name-list-style=amp |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.011 |pmid=17570688 |bibcode=2007MolPE..44.1172S |url=http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1047.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221220240/http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1047.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-21}}</ref> }}
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Category:Pteridaceae Category:Plant subfamilies
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