Changjin Line

{{Short description|Railway line in North Korea}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = auto | name = Changjin Line | native_name = 장진선(長津線) | native_name_lang = ko | type = Heavy rail, Regional rail | status = Operational | locale = South Hamgyŏng | start = Yŏnggwang | end = Sasu | stations = 13 | open = 1 October 1926 (Yŏnggwang—Sangt'ong) 1 September 1934 (Sangt'ong—Samgŏ) 1 November 1934 (Samgŏ—Kujin) | close = 15 July 1935 (Sindae—Kujin) 30 Aug. 1935 (Sasu—Sindae) | owner = Sinhŭng Railway (1934–1938) Chosen Railway (1938–1945) Korean State Railway (since 1945) | operator = | linelength_km = 58.6 | tracks = Single track | gauge = {{track gauge|762mm|al=on|lk=on}} | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | routenumber = | linenumber = | electrification = 1500 V DC Overhead line | speed_km/h = | speed_mph = | speed = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation = | maxincline = 370‰ |map = 300px {{routemap | inline=1 | map= \\\\\\STRq_yellow~~ ~~ ~~Sinhŭng Line standard gauge \\\\\\STRq~~ ~~ ~~Changjin Line narrow gauge \\\CONTg_yellow\RP2\WCONTg\ \WCONTgq\WASSERq\hKRZWae_yellow\RP2oW\WABZgr\~~ ~~ ~~Chŭngnimgang \CONTgq_yellow\STRq_yellow!~KBHFaq\STRr yellow!~STR+r\RP2\WASSER\WORKS~~0.0~~Yŏnggwang \\KBSTaq\ABZg+r\RP2\WASSER\~~ ~~ ~~Narrow-gauge maintenance shops \\RP2q\SKRZ-G2!~lBUE\RP2wRP2\WASSER\ \WCONTgq\WWSELq!~lvWHST\uKSTReq!~hSTRae(r)\uKSTRaq!~RP2oW(Ll)\WASSER!~uKSTReq\PUMPHOUSE~~ ~~ ~~Power station \\\STR\RP2eRP2\RP2oWq\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\RP1q\SKRZ-G1!~lBUE\RP2wRP1\WASSER\ \\\HST\RP2\WASSER\~~5.6~~Tongyang \\RP1q\SKRZ-G1!~lBUE\RP2wRP1\WASSER\ \\\HST!~RP2c2\RP23+n\WASSER\~~9.1~~Songdang \\RP2c2\RP23+1!~BUE\RP2c4\WASSER\ \\RP2s+1\STR2!~RP2c4\WSTRc2!~STRc3\WASSER3\ \\RP2\STRc1!~WSTRc2\hKRXWae\WSTRc4!~STRc3\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|145|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\RP2\WASSER+1\WSTRc4!~STRc1\STR+4\ \\RP2\WSPLa\\STR\ \\RP2\vWASSER!~v-WASSERl\WASSERq\WBRÜCKE1\WCONTfq~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|25|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\RP2l!~lhSTRa@fq\vWASSER!~MSTRq!~hRP2q\RD1q!~RP2+r\SKRZ-GDBUE\ \WASSER+l\WASSERq\WSHI1+l!~vWASSERr-\RP2\eHST\~~''11.4''~~''Tongchŏng''~~ ~~''Closed'' \WASSER\RP2+l\RP2oWq\RP2wnRP2\STR\ \WASSER\RP2\WSPLa\RP2!~RD1e\SKRZ-GDBUE\ \WASSER\RP2\WSPLe\RP2!~RD1e\SKRZ-GDBUE\ \WABZg+l\RP2oW\WASSERr!~RP2c2\RP23+n!~STRc2\BHF3\~~13.3~~Sangt'ong RP1yRP2q\RP2oWq\RP2wRP2!~RP2yRP1q\RP1q!~RP2s+1\RP1q!~STR+1\RP1q!~STRc4\ \WASSER2\RP22+n!~WSTRc3\RP2!~RP2c3\STR\\ \WSTRc1\WASSER+4!~RP2c1\RP2e+4!~RP2l\SKRZ-G2BUE\RD1q!~RP22+w\RP2c3 \\WASSER2\STRc2!~WSTRc3\STR3\RP2c1\RP2s+4 \\STRc2\hKRXWaeq\STRc4!~WSTRc3\\RP2~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|220|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\STR+1\STRc4!~WSTRc1\WASSER+4!~WASSERl+4\WASSER+r\RP2 \\STR\WASSER+l\WASSERr\WASSER\RP2 \\STR\WSPLa\RP2+l\RP2oWq\RP2wnsRP2!~RP1yRD1 \\STR\vWASSER\RP2\WASSER\RD1l \\HST\WSPLe\RP2l\WASSERl!~RP22+w\WCONTfq!~RP2c3~~17.3~~Ryongsu \\STRl\STR+r!~WASSERl\WASSERq\WASSER+r!~RP2c1\RP2s+4 \\\TUNNEL1\WASSER+l\WASSERr!~RP2+l\RP2rf~~ ~~ ~~(tunnel appx {{convert|130|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\\STRl\STR+r!~WASSERl\RP2oW\WASSER+r \RP2c2\RP23+e\RP2q\SKRZ-G2BUE\RP2rf!~WASSER+l\WASSERr \RP2s+1\WASSER+l!~RP2c4\WASSERq\hKRZWae\WASSERr\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \RP2l\WSHI1l!~RP2+r\\TUNNEL1\\~~ ~~ ~~(tunnel appx {{convert|125|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\RP2!~v-WASSERlg\WASSER+r-\STR\\ \WCONTgq\RP2oW\WABZgr\vSHI1+l-ENDEa!~v-KBSTa\\WORKS \RD1q\RD1w!~RP2\WASSER\vSHI2g+l-!~vKBHFa-KDSTa\\WORKS~~23.3~~Hagich'ŏn \\RP2\WASSER\SPLe\\ \\RP2eRP2\RP2oWq\SKRZ-G2BUE\RP2q!~BUILDINGr\~~ ~~ ~~Hagich'ŏn town WORKS\RP2+l\RP2rf!~WASSER+l\WASSERr!~STR+l\STRr\\~~ ~~ ~~power plant \RP2\WSPLa\vSHI1+l-ENDEa\\\ \RP2\WSPLe\SPLe\\\ \RP2\WABZgl\hKRZWae\WASSERq\WCONTfq\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \RD1l!~RP2\uexSTRu!~RD1q\SKRZ-GDBUE\RD1q\RD1q\ \RP2\WASSER\vSHI1+l-ENDEa!~v-KBSTa\\\WORKS \RP2\WASSER\vBHF-STR\\\~~28.4~~Samgŏ RP2+l\RP2rf!~WASSER+l\WASSERr\SPLe\\\ RP2l\RP2oWq\RP2+r\STR!~LOCK3d\\\BL!~LOCK3d~~{{BSsplit||0.0|align=left|line=yes}}~~ ~~Cable-hauled section - bottom end WASSER+l\WASSERr!~RP2+l\RP2rf\STR\\\BL WASSERl\RP2oW\WABZq+r\hKRZWae\WASSERq\WCONTfq\BL~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|55|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \RP2l\hRP2oWaq\SKRZ-G2h\RP2q!~lhSTRe@gq\RP2yRP1q\BL \\WASSER\vSHI1+l-ENDEa!~v-KBSTa\\WORKS\BL~~ ~~ ~~power plant \\WASSER\vHST-STR\\\BL~~32.0~~Pojang \\WASSER\SPLe\\\BL \\WASSERl\hKRZWae\WASSER+r\\BL~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|135|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\\STR!~LOCK3d\\\BL!~LOCK3d~~{{BSsplit||7.4|align=left|line=yes}}~~ ~~Cable-hauled section - summit end \\RD1s!~BUILDING\vSHI1+l-ENDEa\\\~~ ~~ ~~Cable-hauling machinery house \\vSHI4+l-!~RD12+n\v-SHI2g+r!~vSHI4r-\\\lGIP~~ ~~ ~~Summit \\vENDEe-!~RD1c1\tv-STRa!~RD1e+4\RD1q\RD1q\RD1+r \\\tSHI1+l\RD1+l\RD1q\RD1rf \\\tSTRe@g\RD1\\~~ ~~ ~~(tunnel appx {{convert|275|m|ft|abbr=on}}) WKHSTaq\v-WASSER+r\RD1+l!~lhSTRa@f\HST!~SKRZ-GDBUE\RD1rf\\~~35.8~~Hwangch'oryŏng \v-WASSERl\lhKRZW!~RD1\hKRZWae\WASSER+r\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|25|m|ft|abbr=on}}) WCONTgq\WASSERq\lhKRZW!~RD1\hKRZWae\WABZqr\WASSERq\vWASSER+r-~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=on}}) \\RD1l!~lhSTRe@g\SKRZ-GDBUE\RD1+r!~RD1yRP1q\RP1+r\vWASSER- \\STRc2\STR3\RD1l\RD1+r!~RP1\vWASSER- \\STR+1\STRc4\WASSER+l\RP1oW\vWASSERr- WCONTgq\WASSERq\hKRZWae\WASSERq\WABZg+r\RP1\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}}) RD1q\RD1q\SKRZ-GDBUE\RD1yRP1q!~RP1+l\RP2oWq!~RP1\RP1wRP1\ \STR+l\ABZgr!~lBHF~F\RP2t\WASSER\RP1\~~ ~~ ~~Kot'o town \KBSTe\STR!~lvBHF~Lq\RP1eRP1\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1n!~RP1q\~~41.2~~Kot'o~~engine house \STRc2\STR3\RP1\WABZg+l\WCONTfq\ \STR+1!~exl-HST\STRc4!~RP1+l\RP1n!~RP1q\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1q!~lENDE@Fq\WORKS~~46.4~~''Pusŏng''~~ ~~''Closed'' \STRl\STR+r!~RP1l\RP1+r\WASSER\\ \\HST\RP1\WASSER\\~~49.2~~Sangp'yŏng RD1q!~BUILDINGr\RD1q\SKRZ-GDBUE\RD1w!~RP1\WASSER\\ \RD1q!~FLUG\SKRZ-GDBUE\RD1rf!~RP1l\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1+r\~~ ~~ ~~Changjin airbase \RP1\STR\WASSER+l\WASSERr\RP1\ \RP1\STR\WABZg+l\WASSERq\RP1oW\WCONTfq \RP1\STR\WASSER\RP1+l\RP1xRP1\ \RP1\STR\WASSER\RP1!~BUILDING\RP1\~~ ~~ ~~Changjin town \RP1l\SKRZ-G1BUE\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1xRP1\RP1xRP1\ \STR+l\STRr!~RP1+l\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1rf\\ \BHF\RP1\WASSER\\\~~54.3~~Changjin RP1+l\SKRZ-G1BUE\RP1rf\WSPLa\\\ RP1\exSTR!~KBHFe\\WSPLe\\\~~58.6~~Sasu RP1oW\exhKRZWae\WASSERq\WDOCKSa\\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}}) RP1rf\exHST\\WFILL\\\~~''62.7''~~''Sindae''~~ ~~''Closed 1935'' \exHST\\WDOCKSe\\\~~''68.4''~~''Chungnam''~~ ~~''Closed 1935'' \exKBHFe\\WCONTf\\\~~''75.1''~~''Kujin''~~ ~~''Closed 1935'' }} }} {{Infobox Korean name/auto |hangul=^장진선 |hanja=長津線 }}

The '''Changjin Line''' ({{Korean|hangul=장진선}}) is an electrified narrow gauge line of the North Korean State Railway running from Yŏnggwang on the Sinhŭng Line to Sasu on Lake Changjin.<ref name="Hayato">Kokubu, Hayato, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), {{ISBN|978-4-10-303731-6}}</ref> There is a {{convert|7.4|km|abbr=on}} cable-hauled section between Samgo and Hwangch'oryong; between Pojang and Hwangch'oryong the grade reaches 370‰.<ref name="naver">{{cite web | url = http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2090779&cid=44454&categoryId=44461 | title = 북한지리정보: 운수지리 - 장진선 | accessdate = 2017-01-18 }}</ref>

== History ==

In 1923 the privately owned Sinhŭng Railway opened the mainline of its Hamnam Line (not to be confused with the line of the same name of the Chosen Magnesite Development Railway, nowadays called Kŭmgol Line), from Hamhŭng to Sinhŭng via Oro (nowadays called Yŏnggwang), and subsequently expanded the line with the addition of a branch from Oro to Sangt'ong that was opened on 1 October 1926.

In 1934, to aid in the construction of a new hydroelectric power plant on the Changjin River, and to exploit forestry and other resources in the area, the Sinhŭng Railway began opening its Changjin Line. The first section, from Sangt'ong to Samgŏ, was opened on 1 September 1934,<ref name="Showa2298">朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 2298, 5 September 1934</ref> followed by an extension from Samgŏ to Kujin on 1 November of the same year.<ref name="Showa2348">朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 2348, 7 November 1934</ref> Later, the Sindae—Kujin section was closed on 15 July 1935,<ref name="Showa2557">朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 2557, 22 July 1935</ref> followed by the closure of the Sasu—Sindae section on 30 August 1935.<ref name="Showa2595">朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 2595, 4 September 1935</ref>

The Sinhŭng Railway was bought and absorbed by the Chosen Railway on 22 April 1938.<ref name="Showa3385">朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 3385, 3 May 1938</ref>

Following the establishment of the DPRK, all railways in North Korea were nationalised, becoming part of the Korean State Railway.<ref name="Hayato"/> The Chosen Railway's Hamnam, Songhŭng and Changjin Lines were split up, with the mainline of the Hamnam Line and the Songhŭng Line merged to become the Sinhŭng Line, while the Yŏnggwang—Sang'tong branch was split off from the Hamnam Line and added to the Changjin Line, and the line was later electrified. Although the Hamhŭng—Sinhŭng section was rebuilt to standard gauge by the Korean State Railway,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2090778&cid=44454&categoryId=44461 | title=신흥선 }}</ref> the Changjin Line remained narrow gauge.

== Services == Although significant for passenger transport in the area, the bulk of the trains on the Changjin Line are for freight transport, with the majority of traffic being outbound cargo - in the mid 1980s, 62.1% of all freight traffic originated on the line for shipment elsewhere, while only 37.9% being traffic from elsewhere destined for points on the line. Wood accounts for the vast majority of outbound freight - up to 78.8% in the 1980s, with grain, ore and metals being the other major commodities. Of inbound goods, coal is the most important at 36.7% of the total (of which up to 20% is anthracite), followed by rice and other grains (18.9%), fertiliser (11.9%), sea products (8.2%) and cement (4.2%).<ref name="naver"/>

== Route ==

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified; a pink background indicates that section is {{track gauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} narrow gauge; an orange background indicates that section is non-electrified narrow gauge.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! colspan="2" | Distance (km) !! colspan="2" | Station Name !! colspan="2" | Former Name !! |- ! Total !! S2S !! Transcribed !! Chosŏn'gŭl (Hanja) !! Transcribed !! Chosŏn'gŭl (Hanja) !! Connections |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 0.0 | bgcolor=#F78181| 0.0 | Yŏnggwang | 영광 (栄光) | Oro | 오로 (五老) | Sinhŭng Line |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 5.6 | bgcolor=#F78181| 5.6 | Tongyang | 동양 (東陽) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 9.1 | bgcolor=#F78181| 3.5 | Songdang | 송당 (松堂) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|<del>11.4</del> | bgcolor=#F78181|<del>2.3</del> | Tongchŏng | 동정 (東井) | | | ''Closed.'' |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 13.3 | bgcolor=#F78181| 4.2 | Sangt'ong | 상통 (上通) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 17.4 | bgcolor=#F78181| 4.1 | Ryongsu | 룡수 (龍水) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 23.4 | bgcolor=#F78181| 6.0 | Hagich'ŏn | 하기천 (下岐川) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 28.4 | bgcolor=#F78181| 5.0 | Samgŏ | 삼거 (三巨) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 32.0 | bgcolor=#F78181| 3.6 | Pojang | 부장 (堡庄) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 35.8 | bgcolor=#F78181| 3.8 | Hwangch'oryŏng | 황초령 (黄草嶺) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 41.2 | bgcolor=#F78181| 5.4 | Kot'o | 고토 (古土) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>46.4</del> | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>5.2</del> | Pusŏng | 부성 (富盛) | | | ''Closed.'' |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 49.2 | bgcolor=#F78181| 2.8 | Sangp'yŏng | 상평 (上坪) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 54.3 | bgcolor=#F78181| 5.1 | Changjin | 장진 (長津) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| 58.6 | bgcolor=#F78181| 4.0 | Sasu | 사수 (泗水) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>62.7</del> | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>4.1</del> | Sindae | 신대 (新垈) | | | ''Closed 15 July 1935.''<ref name="Showa2595"/> |- | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>68.4</del> | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>5.2</del> | Chungnam | 중남 (中南) | | | ''Closed 15 July 1935.''<ref name="Showa2557"/> |- | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>75.1</del> | bgcolor=#F78181| <del>5.2</del> | Kujin | 구진 (舊津) | | | ''Closed 15 July 1935.''<ref name="Showa2557"/> |}

==References== {{Reflist}} * Ministry of Railways (1937), 鉄道停車場一覧. 昭和12年10月1日現在(The list of the stations, Status as of 1 October 1937), Kawaguchi Printing, p511, 517 {{Changjin Line}}

Category:Railway lines in North Korea Category:2 ft 6 in gauge railways in North Korea Category:Railway lines opened in 1926