Sinhung Line

{{Short description|Railway line in North Korea}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = 300px | name = Sinhŭng Line | other_name = | native_name = 신흥선(新興線) | native_name_lang = ko | color = {{rail color|KSR}} | logo = | logo_width = | logo_alt = | image = | image_width = | image_alt = | caption = | type = [[Passenger rail terminology#Heavy rail|Heavy rail]], Passenger/Freight rail [[Regional rail]] | system = | status = Operational | locale = [[South Hamgyong Province|South Hamgyŏng Province]] | start = [[Hamhung Station|Hamhŭng]] | end = [[Pujonhoban Station|Pujŏnhoban]] | stations = 16 | routes = | daily_ridership = | planopen =  | open = 10 June 1923 (Hamhŭng—Yŏnggwang) 25 August 1923 (Yŏnggwang—Changp'ung) 1 October 1926 (P'ungsang—Sinhŭng) 1 February 1928 (Sinhŭng—Songhŭng) 10 September 1932 (Songhŭng—Pujŏnhoban) | event1label = | event1 = | event2label = | event2 = | event3label = | event3 = | close = | owner = | operator = [[Sinhung Railway|Sinhŭng Railway]] (1923–1938) [[Chosen Railway]] (1938–1945) [[Korean State Railway]] (since 1945) | character = | depot = [[Sinhung Station|Sinhŭng]], [[Hamhung station|Hamhŭng]] | stock = | linelength_km = 91.6 | tracklength_km= | tracklength_mi= | tracklength = | tracks = [[Single-track railway|Single track]] | gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} (Hamhŭng – [[Sinhung Station|Sinhŭng]]) {{Track gauge|762 mm}} (Sinhŭng – Pujŏnhoban) | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | minradius = | racksystem = | routenumber = | linenumber = | electrification = 3000 V [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line]] Hamhŭng−Sinhŭng 1500 V [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line]] Sinhŭng−Pujŏnhoban | speed = | elevation = | maxincline = | website = | map = [[Image:DPRK-Sinhung Line.png|300px]] {{routemap | inline=1 | map= \\\\\\\\STRq~~ ~~Sinhŭng Line (narrow gauge) \\\\\\\\uSTRq~~ ~~Sinhŭng Line (standard gauge) \\\\\\\\STRq_ruby~~ ~~[[Changjin Line]] \\\\\\\\fSTRq~~ ~~[[Pyongra Line|P'yŏngra Line]] \\\\\\\\STRq_orange~~ ~~[[Soho Line|Sŏho Line]] \\\\\\\\STRq_azure~~ ~~[[Pinallon Line]] \\\\WCONTg\\\\~~ ~~ ~~[[Pujon River|Pujŏn River]] ELCa\KHSTaq\STR+r\\WASSERl\WASSER+r\RP1\\~~50.6~~[[Pujonhoban station|Pujŏnhoban]] BL\RP1q\RP1+r!~STRl\BSTq\STR+r\WASSER\RP1\\WORKS~~47.9~~Toan BL\\RP1l\RP1q!~RP1s\SKRZ-G1BUE\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1wRP1\\ BL\\STR+l\RP1!~BUEq\STRr\WASSER\RP1\\ BL\\HST\RP1l\RP1q!~BUILDING\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1wRP1\\~~40.0~~Pujŏn BL\\STR\WASSER+l\WASSERq\WASSERr\RP1\\ BL\\STR\WASSER\RP1+l\RP1q\RP1rf\\ BL\\STR\WASSER\RP1\\\\ BL\\STRl\hKRZWaeq\RP1!~BUEq\STR+r\\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\RP1q\RP1q\RP2oWq!~RP1q\RP1wRP1\STR\\\ BL\\\WASSER\RP1\HST\\\~~33.7~~Hamjiwŏn BL\\\WASSER\RP1eRP1\SKRZ-G1BUE\RP1q\RP1q\ BL\WASSERq-!~RP1q\WASSERq-!~RP1q\WASSERr-!~RP1q\RP1rf\STR\\\ BL\\\\\STR\\\ BL\\\\\HST\\\~~27.1~~Pujŏllyŏng BL\\\\\BST\\\~~25.4~~Paegamsan BL\\\\\STR!~LOCK1u\\\~~ ~~ ~~''top of cable-hauled section'' BL\\\\\STR!~LOCK3u\\\~~ ~~ ~~''cable-hauled section, {{convert|550|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' BL\\\\\tSTRa@g!~LOCK2u\\\ BL\\\\\nBST!~PORTALg\\\~~ ~~ ~~''bottom of cable-hauled section'' BL\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSER+r\STR\\\ BL\\\\WABZg+l\hKRZWae\WASSERq\WASSERq\~~ ~~ ~~[[Kumsilchon|Kŭmsilch'ŏn]] BL\\\\WASSER\STR\\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|35|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\WASSER+l\WASSERr\BHF\\\~~20.0~~Songhŭng BL\\\WASSER\exKBSTaq\eABZgr\\\exWORKS BL\\\WASSER\\eHST\\\~~''19.0''~~''Hasonghŭng''~~ ~~''Closed'' BL\\\WASSERl\WASSERq\hKRZWae\WASSER+r\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\\STR\WASSER\\ BL\\\\tSTReq\ABZgr!~lHST-\WASSER\\~~14.9~~Songha~~''underground facility'' BL\\\\STR+l\STRr\WASSER\\ BL\\\\HST\\WASSER\\~~13.1~~Kyŏnghŭng BL\\\\STRl\STR+r\WASSER\\ BL\\\\\STR\WABZg+l\WASSERq\~~ ~~ ~~[[Songchon River|Sŏngch'ŏngang]] BL\\\\\HST\WASSER\\~~6.9~~Tonghŭng BL\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\hKRZWae\WABZg+r\\~~ ~~ ~~[[Tonghungchon|Tonghŭngch'ŏn]] BL\\\\\STR\WASSER\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|145|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\\eHST\WASSER\\~~''2.8''~~''Kilbong''~~ ~~''Closed'' BL\\\\STR+l\STRr\WASSER\KBSTa\~~1.5~~P'ungdŏk BL\\\\ABZg+l\STRq\hKRZWaeq\STRr\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|280|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\hKRZWae\WASSERq\WABZg+r\\~~ ~~ ~~[[Sogochon|Sŏgoch'ŏn]] BL\\\\SHI1r!~uv-KDSTa\uKBSTa\WASSER\\WORKS~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|210|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\uvSTR-ABZg+l!~vSTR-\uSTRr\WASSER\\ BL\\\\vKBHFe-!~uv-BHF\\WASSER\\~~{{BSsplit|41.0|0.0|align=left|line=yes}}~~[[Sinhung station|Sinhŭng]] BL\\\\uSHI1+l\\WASSER\\ BL\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\uhKRZWae\WASSERq\WABZg+r\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|95|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\uSTRl\uSTR+r\WASSER\\ BL\\\\uSTR+l\uSTRr\WASSER\\~~ ~~ ~~[[Chonbulsanchon|Ch'ŏnbulsanch'ŏn]] BL\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\uhKRZWae\WASSERq\WABZg+r\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\uHST\\WASSER\\~~33.5~~Ch'ŏnbulsan BL\\\\ueHST\\WASSER\\~~30.7~~Chŏndong BL\\\uexKBHFa\uSTR\\WASSER\\~~''28.2''~~''Changpung''~~ ~~''Closed'' BL\\\uexSTRl\ueABZg+r\\WASSER\\ BL\\\\uhKRZWae\WASSERq\WASSERr!~WASSER\\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|65|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\uBHF\WASSER+l\WASSERr\RP1+l\RP1q~~25.9~~P'ungsang BL\\\\uSTR\WASSER\\RP1\~~ ~~ ~~[[Sanchangchon|Sanch'angch'ŏn]] BL\\\\uhKRZWae\WASSER!~WASSERr\\RP1\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\\\\uBHF\WASSER\RP1+l\RP1rf\WORKS~~17.0~~Yŏnggwang BL\CONTgq_ruby\STRq_ruby!~lELC\STRq_ruby\STRr_ruby!~uSTRl\uhKRZWaeq\RP1!~uBUEq\uSTR+r\~~ ~~ ~~[[Changjin Line]] BL\WASSER+l\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERq\WASSERr\RP1\uSTR\~~ ~~ ~~(bridge appx {{convert|415|m|ft|abbr=on}}) BL\WASSER\RP1+l\RP1q\RP1q\RP1q\RP1rf\uHST\~~12.3~~Changhŭng BL\WASSER\RP1\uSTR+l\uHSTq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRr\~~9.3~~Pumin BL\WASSER\RP1\uSTR\\\\\ BL\WASSER\RP1\uHST\\\\\~~6.6~~Kadam BL\WASSER\RP1l\RP1q!~uBUE\RP1+r\\\\ BL\WASSER\uSTR+l\uSTRr!~RP1+l\RP1rf\\\\ BL\hRP2oWq\uSKRZ-G2hr\RP1n!~RP2q\RP2q\RP2q\RP2q\RP2q\~~ ~~ ~~Chongsŏng Street BL\WASSER\uSTR\STR+l_orange\BHFq_orange\STR+r_orange\\\~~0.0~~West Hamhŭng ELCe!~fCONTgq\fhKRZWaeq\fSTRq!~uSTRl\STR_orange!~uhSTRaeq\uSTRq\STRl_orange!~uSTRq\fSTRq!~uKBHFeq\fSTR+r\~~0.0~~[[Hamhung station|Hamhŭng]]~~←''to P'yŏngyang'' \WASSER\\STR_orange\\\\fDST\~~-3.9~~Hamhŭng Choch'ajang \WASSER\\STR_orange!~lELC\STR+l_azure\STRq_azure\STRq_azure\STRr_azure!~fSTR\ \WASSER\\CONTf_orange\STR_azure!~lELC\\\fSTR\~~ ~~ ~~[[Soho Line|Sŏho Line]] ''to Sŏho'' \WASSER\\\CONTf_azure\\\fSTR!~lELC\~~ ~~ ~~[[Pinallon Line]] ''to Hŭngnam'' \WCONTf\\\\\\fCONTf\~~ ~~ ~~''to Rajin'' }} | map_state = collapsed }} {{Infobox Korean name/auto |hangul=^신흥선 |hanja=新興線 }}

The '''Sinhŭng Line''' is an electrified {{RailGauge|762mm|lk=on}} [[narrow gauge]] railway line of the [[Korean State Railway]] in [[South Hamgyong Province|South Hamgyŏng Province]], [[North Korea]], running from [[Hamhung Station|Hamhŭng]] ([[Hamhung|Hamhŭng-si]]) to [[Pujonhoban Station|Pujŏnhoban]] ([[Pujon County|Pujŏn-gun]]) on [[Lake Pujŏn]] via [[Sinhung Station|Sinhŭng]] ([[Sinhung County|Sinhŭng-gun]]).<ref name="Hayato">Kokubu, Hayato, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), {{ISBN|978-4-10-303731-6}}</ref>

Between Hamhŭng and Sinhŭng, a distance of {{convert|40.9|km|abbr=on}}, the line is standard gauge, but the remaining {{convert|50.6|km|abbr=on}} from Sinhŭng to the terminus at Pujŏnhoban is {{RailGauge|762mm|lk=on}} [[narrow gauge]];<ref name="naver">{{Cite web|title=신흥선|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=44454&docId=2090778&categoryId=44461|access-date=2021-05-12|website=terms.naver.com|language=ko}}</ref> the narrow gauge section is also electrified.<ref name="Hayato"/>

Though primarily an industrial railway connecting to the Pujŏn River hydroelectric power plant, it also plays an important role in passenger transportation in the region. There is a {{convert|550|m|abbr=on}} section between Songhŭng and Pujŏllyŏng that is [[Cable railway|cable-hauled]].<ref name="naver"/>

==History==

During the [[Japanese occupation of Korea|Japanese colonial era]], the privately owned [[Sinhung Railway|Sinhŭng Railway]] built a network of narrow-gauge lines north of Hamhŭng. These were the '''Hamnam Line''' (not to be confused with the [[Kumgol Line|line of the same name]] of the [[Chosen Magnesite Development Railway]], nowadays called Kŭmgol Line), to assist in the construction of the [[Pujon River|Pujŏn River]] hydroelectric power plant and to exploit forestry and other resources in the area.<ref name="naver"/> When complete, the Hamnam Line ran from Hamhŭng to Hamnam Sinhŭng (nowadays called simply Sinhŭng) via Oro (nowadays Yŏnggwang), with a branch from Oro to Sang'tong. Later, the Sinhŭng Railway opened the '''Songhŭng Line''' from Sinhŭng to Pujŏnhoban. The Sinhŭng Railway was bought by the [[Chosen Railway]] on 22 April 1938.<ref>朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 3385, 3 May 1938</ref>

Between 1934 and 1936, the Sinhŭng Railway opened a line south from Hamhŭng, the [[Soho Line#History|Namhŭng Line]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" |- ! Section ! Opening date ! Length ! Line ! Notes |- | [[Hamhung Station|Hamhŭng]] - [[Yonggwang Station|Oro]] (Yŏnggwang) | 10 June 1923 | {{convert|17.0|km|abbr=on}} | Hamnam Line | |- | Oro - Changpung | 25 August 1923 | {{convert|11.2|km|abbr=on}} | Hamnam Line | Changp'ung Station subsequently closed. |- | [[Sohamhung Station|West Hamhŭng Station]] | 25 August 1923 | | Hamnam Line | |- | [[Pungsang Station|P'ungsang]] - [[Sinhung Station|Hamnam Sinhŭng]] (Sinhŭng) | 1 October 1926 | {{convert|15.1|km|abbr=on}} | Hamnam Line | |- | Hamnam Sinhŭng - [[Songhung Station|Hamnam Songhŭng]] (Songhŭng) | 1 February 1928 | {{convert|20.0|km|abbr=on}} | {{nowrap|Songhŭng Line}} | |- | Kilbong Station | 12 April 1932 | | Songhŭng Line | Subsequently, closed. |- | Hamnam Songhŭng - [[Pujonhoban Station|Pujŏnhoban]] | {{nowrap|10 September 1932}} | {{convert|31.6|km|abbr=on}} | Songhŭng Line | |- | Chŏndong Station | 16 October 1933 | | Hamnam Line | Subsequently, closed. |}

After the establishment of the DPRK and the nationalisation of its railways, the Hamnam Line was split up, with the Hamhŭng - Oro - Sinhŭng section becoming the Sinhŭng Line, and the Oro - Sangt'ong section becoming part of the [[Changjin Line]]. At the same time, the Songhŭng Line was merged into the Sinhŭng Line, extending it to its current length. Originally built entirely as a narrow gauge line, frequent accidents on the line led the Korean State Railway to convert the Hamhŭng—Sinhŭng to standard gauge for greater safety and increased transportation capacity.<ref name="naver"/> After the regauging of this section, [[Sohamhung Station|West Hamhŭng]] station was disconnected from the Hamhŭng—Sinhŭng, leaving Hamhŭng as the only direct junction point with the [[Soho Line|Sŏho Line]]. Electrification of the line to Pujŏnhoban was completed in 1992.<ref name="Hayato"/>

==Services== ===Freight=== The primary outbound freight shipped on the Sinhŭng Line is wood; potatoes and metals are also shipped out. Goods arriving onto the line from elsewhere include coal ([[anthracite]] and [[bituminous coal|bituminous]]), fertiliser, aquatic products, grains and cement.<ref name="naver"/>

===Passenger=== {{See also|List of passenger train services in North Korea}}

Though primarily an industrial railway connecting to the Pujŏn River hydroelectric power plant, it also plays an important role in passenger transportation in the region.<ref name="naver"/> A pair of local passenger trains, '''880/881''', operate on the standard gauge section of this line between [[Hamhung Station|Hamhŭng]] and [[Sinhung Station|Sinhŭng]];<ref name="Hayato"/> there are also passenger trains on the narrow-gauge section north of Sinhŭng.

==Route== A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified; a pink background indicates that section is {{RailGauge|762mm}} [[Narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]]; an orange background indicates that section is non-electrified narrow gauge.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! colspan="2" | Distance (km) !! colspan="2" | Station Name !! colspan="2" | Former Name !! |- ! Total !! S2S !! Transcribed !! Chosŏn'gŭl (Hanja) !! Transcribed !! Chosŏn'gŭl (Hanja) !! Connections (Former) |- | bgcolor=#f1fffb| -3.9 | bgcolor=#f1fffb| 0.0 | bgcolor=#f1fffb| Hamhŭng Choch'ajang | bgcolor=#f1fffb| 함흥 (咸興) | bgcolor=#f1fffb| | bgcolor=#f1fffb| | bgcolor=#f1fffb| [[Pinallon Line]] |- | colspan=7 bgcolor=#f1fffb|Although part of the [[Pyongra Line|P'yŏngra Line]] and not Sinhŭng Line, all (standard-gauge) Sinhŭng Line trains travel to/from Hamhŭng Choch'ajang. |- | 0.0 | 3.9 | Hamhŭng | 함흥 (咸興) | | | [[Pyongra Line|P'yŏngra Line]], [[Soho Line|Sŏho Line]] |- | <del>1.0</del> | <del>1.0</del> | Sŏhamhŭng {{nowrap|(West Hamhŭng)}} | 서함흥 (西咸興) | | | ([[Soho Line|Sŏho Line]]). No longer on Sinhŭng Line. |- | 6.6 | 6.6 | Kadam | 가담 (-) | Hŭngsang | 흥상 (興祥) | |- | <del>9.3</del> | <del>2.7</del> | Pumin | 부민 (富民) | | | ''Closed.'' |- | 12.3 | 3.0 | Changhŭng | 장흥 (長興) | | | |- | 17.0 | 4.7 | Yŏnggwang | 영광 (榮光) | Oro | 오로 (五老) | [[Changjin Line]] |- | 25.9 | 8.9 | P'ungsang | 풍상 (豊上) | | | |- | <del>28.2</del> | <del>2.3</del> | Changp'ung | 장풍 (長豊) | | | ''Closed.'' |- | 30.7 | 4.8 | Chŏndong | 전동 (典洞) | | | Distance from P'ungsang. |- | 33.5 | 2.8 | Ch'ŏnbulsan | 천불산 (千佛山) | | | |- | 41.0 0.0 | 7.5 0.0 | Sinhŭng | 신흥 (新興) | Hamnam Sinhŭng | 함남신흥 (咸南新興) | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|<del>2.8</del> | bgcolor=#F78181|<del>2.8</del> | Kilbong | 길봉 (吉峰) | | | ''Closed.'' |- | bgcolor=#F78181|6.9 | bgcolor=#F78181|4.1 | Tonghŭng | 동흥 (東興) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|13.1 | bgcolor=#F78181|6.2 | Kyŏnghŭng | 경흥 (慶興) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|14.9 | bgcolor=#F78181|1.8 | Songha | 송하 (松下) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|<del>19.0</del> | bgcolor=#F78181|<del>4.1</del> | Hasonghŭng | 하송흥 (下松興) | | | ''Closed.'' |- | bgcolor=#F78181|20.0 | bgcolor=#F78181|1.0 | Songhŭng | 송흥 (松興) | {{nowrap|Hamnam Songhŭng}} | 함남송흥 (咸南松興) | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|25.4 | bgcolor=#F78181|5.4 | Paegamsan | 백암산 (白岩山) | | | Service halt |- | bgcolor=#F78181|27.1 | bgcolor=#F78181|1.7 | Pujŏllyŏng | 부전령 (赴戰嶺) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|33.7 | bgcolor=#F78181|6.6 | Hamjiwŏn | 함지원 (咸地院) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|40.0 | bgcolor=#F78181|3.8 | Pujŏn | 부전 (赴戰) | | | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|47.9 | bgcolor=#F78181|7.9 | Toan | 도안 (道安) | Hamnam Toan | 함남도안 (咸南道安) | |- | bgcolor=#F78181|50.6 | bgcolor=#F78181|2.7 | Pujŏnhoban | 부전호반 (赴戰湖畔) | | | |}

==References== {{Reflist}} * {{cite book|author=Japanese Government Railways|authorlink=Japanese Government Railways|title=鉄道停車場一覧昭和12年10月1日現在|trans-title=The List of the Stations as of 1 October 1937|language=Japanese|year=1937|location=Tokyo|publisher=kawaguchi Printing Company|pages=510–511, 516–517}} {{Sinhung Line}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinhung Line}} [[Category:Railway lines in North Korea]] [[Category:Standard-gauge railways in North Korea]] [[Category:2 ft 6 in gauge railways in North Korea]]