{{short description|American light single radial engine aircraft}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Use American English|date=November 2021}} <!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout. --> {{Infobox aircraft |name = Cessna 190 & 195 |image = File:Cessna 195 businessliner g-btbj of 1952 arp.jpg<!--in the ''File:filename'' format with no image tags--> |caption = Cessna 195<!--Image caption; if it isn't descriptive, please skip--> |type = Light personal and business aircraft |national_origin = United States<!-- Use the main nation (ie. UK), not constituent country (England); don't use "EU". List collaborative programs of only 2 or 3 nations; for more than 3, use "Multi-national:. --> |manufacturer = Cessna Aircraft Company |designer = <!--Only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders--> |first_flight = 1945<!--If this hasn't happened, skip this field!--> |introduction = 1947<!--Date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service--> |retired = <!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this --> |status = <!--In most cases, redundant; use sparingly--> |primary_user = United States Army<!-- list only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. --> |more_users = United States Air Force <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br> --> |produced = 1947–1954<!--Years in production (eg. 1970-1999) if still in active use but no longer built --> |number_built = 1,180<ref name="Classic"/> |developed_from = Cessna 165<!--The aircraft which formed the basis for this aircraft--> |variants = <!--Variants OF this aircraft--> |developed_into = Cessna X210 }} thumb|right|Cessna LC-126A thumb|right|1953 Cessna 195B and 1948 Cessna 190 thumb|right|1949 model Cessna 195 in polished aluminum finish thumb|Float-equipped Cessna 195 thumb|right|1947 model Cessna 190
The '''Cessna 190''' and '''195 Businessliner''' are a family of light single radial engine powered, conventional landing gear equipped, general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954.<ref name="Foster">Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: ''A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition'', page 54. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. {{ISBN|0-395-62888-1}}</ref>
The 195 model was also used by the United States Air Force, United States Army, and Army National Guard as a light transport and utility aircraft under the designations '''LC-126'''/'''U-20'''.<ref name="Christy">Christy. Joe: ''The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition'', pages 18-23. Tab Books, 1979. {{ISBN|0-8306-2268-3}}</ref><ref name="A-790">{{cite news|url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/b176b378bb2db1388625724300680fe9/$FILE/A-790.pdf|title=Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A-790|work=Federal Aviation Administration|date=March 31, 2003|access-date=July 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131024645/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/b176b378bb2db1388625724300680fe9/$FILE/A-790.pdf|archive-date=January 31, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Harding 1997">Harding 1997, pp. 82–83.</ref>
==Development== The Cessna 190 and 195 were Cessna's only postwar radial-engined aircraft. The first prototype flew in 1945, after the end of World War II and both the 190 and 195 entered production in 1947.<ref name="Plane and Pilot">Plane and Pilot: ''1978 Aircraft Directory'', page 92. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. {{ISBN|0-918312-00-0}}</ref><ref name="Shanaberger">{{cite web|url = http://www.shanaberger.com/cessna_195.htm|title = Cessna 190/195 Businessliner|access-date = 2008-08-11|last = Shanaberger|first = Kenneth W.|year = 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081201135808/http://www.shanaberger.com/cessna_195.htm|archive-date = 2008-12-01}}</ref>
The 195 was the first Cessna airplane to be completely constructed of aluminum and features a cantilever wing, similar to the pre-war Cessna 165 from which it is derived. The wing differs from later Cessna light aircraft in that it has a straight taper from root chord to tip chord and no dihedral. The airfoil employed is a NACA 2412, the same as used on the later Cessna 150, 172 and 182.<ref name="Christy"/><ref name="Lednicer">{{cite web|url = http://www.ae.uiuc.edu/m-selig/ads/aircraft.html|title = The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage|access-date = 2008-08-10|last = Lednicer|first = David|date = October 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515232025/http://www.ae.uiuc.edu/m-selig/ads/aircraft.html|archive-date = 2008-05-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The 190/195 fuselage is large in comparison to other Cessna models because the 42" diameter radial engine had to be accommodated in the nose. There are two rows of seats: two individual seats in the first row, with a comfortable space between them and up to three passengers can be accommodated on a bench seat in the second row.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/>
The 190/195 has flat sprung-steel landing gear legs derived from Cessna's purchase of the rights to Steve Wittman's Big X. Many have been equipped with swiveling crosswind landing gear which allows landing with up to 15 degrees of crab. While the crosswind gear simplifies the actual landing, it makes the aircraft difficult to handle on the ground. The 195 is equipped with a retractable step that extends when the cabin door is opened, although some have been modified to make the step a fixed unit.<ref name="Christy"/>
The aircraft was expensive to purchase and operate for private use and Cessna therefore marketed them mainly as a business aircraft under the name "Businessliner".<ref name="Foster"/>
The engines fitted to the 190 and 195 became well known for their oil consumption. The aircraft has a {{convert|5|USgal|L|adj=on}} oil tank, with {{convert|2|USgal|L}} the minimum for flight. Typical oil consumption with steel cylinder barrels is {{convert|2|USqt|L}} per hour.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/>
A factory-produced floatplane version was equipped with a triple tail for improved yaw stability.
The Cessna 195 produces a cruise true airspeed of {{convert|148|kn|km/h}} (170 MPH) on a fuel consumption of {{convert|16|USgal|L}} per hour.<ref name="Christy"/> It can accommodate five people.
Including the LC-126s, a total of 1180 190s and 195s were built.<ref name="Classic"/>
The 190 was originally introduced at a price of USD$12,750 in 1947 ({{inflation|US|12750|1947|fmt=eq}}). When production ended in 1954 the price had risen to USD$24,700 ({{inflation|US|24700|1954|fmt=eq}}) for the 195B. This compared to USD$3,495 for the Cessna 140 two seater of the same period.<ref name="Christy"/><ref name="Christypg12">Christy. Joe: ''The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition'', page 12. Tab Books, 1979. {{ISBN|0-8306-2268-3}}</ref>
===LC-126/U-20=== The '''LC-126''' was the military version of the {{convert|300|hp|abbr=on}} Cessna 195 and could be fitted with skis or floats. 83 LC-126s were delivered, including:<ref name="Classic">{{cite web|url = http://www.classicaircraft.com/AircraftComparisons/Cessna195/tabid/111/Default.aspx|title = Cessna 190 Series Information|access-date = 2008-08-10|last = Classic Aircraft|year = 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071009001934/http://www.classicaircraft.com/AircraftComparisons/Cessna195/tabid/111/Default.aspx|archive-date = 2007-10-09}}</ref><ref name="Christy"/>
*USAF - Cessna LC-126 - 15<ref name="Christy"/> *Army National Guard - Cessna LC-126B - 5<ref name="Harding 1997"/> *US Army - Cessna LC-126C - 63<ref name="Christy"/>
Once made surplus the majority of LC-126s were sold as civil aircraft, once modified by a Cessna civil kit.<ref name="Christy"/><ref name="A-790"/>
==Operational history==
The Cessna 190 and 195 are considered "one of the finest classics ever built" by pilots and collectors and are much sought after on the used aircraft market.<ref name="Classic"/><ref name="Plane and Pilot"/> [[File:Cessna 195 PP-ZPP 7107 SP Marte 06.04.75 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|Brazilian-registered Cessna 195 at Marte airfield, São Paulo in 1975]] On July 24, 2017 the number of 190s and 195s still registered in the USA were:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=CESSNA+&Modeltxt=190&PageNo=1|title=FAA registry Cessna 190|work=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=July 24, 2017|archive-date=February 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103024/https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=CESSNA+&Modeltxt=190&PageNo=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=CESSNA+&Modeltxt=195&PageNo=1|title=FAA registry Cessna 195|work=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=July 24, 2017|archive-date=February 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225102953/https://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/AcftRef_Results.aspx?Mfrtxt=CESSNA+&Modeltxt=195&PageNo=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*86 Cessna 190 *225 Cessna 195 *125 Cessna 195A *126 Cessna 195B
In February 2014 there were three Cessna 190s, eleven Cessna 195s, two Cessna 195As and two Cessna 195Bs registered in Canada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=190%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c|title=Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 190|work=Transport Canada|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=195%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c|title=Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 195 (includes all variants)|work=Transport Canada|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=195A%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c|title=Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 195A|work=Transport Canada|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/RchSimpRes.aspx?cn=CESSNA%7c&mn=195B%7c&sn=%7c%7c&on=%7c%7c&m=%7c%7c|title=Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Cessna 195B|work=Transport Canada|access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> Other Cessna 190 and 195 aircraft have been purchased by private pilot owners resident in Brazil and the United Kingdom.
==Variants== thumb|1953 Cessna 195B thumb|right|Cessna LC-126C landing
The main difference between the 190 and the 195 models was the engine installed.<ref name="A-790"/> ;190 :Powered by a Continental W670-23 engine of 240 hp (180 kW) and first certified on 1 July 1947.<ref name="A-790"/> ;195 :Powered by a Jacobs R-755A2 engine of 300 hp (225 kW) and first certified on 12 June 1947.<ref name="A-790"/> ;195A :Powered by a Jacobs L-4MB (R-755-9) engine of 245 hp (184 kW) and first certified on 6 January 1950.<ref name="A-790"/> ;195B :Powered by a Jacobs R-755B2 engine of 275 hp (206 kW) and first certified on 31 March 1952. It featured flaps increased in area by 50% over earlier models.<ref name="A-790"/><ref name="Plane and Pilot"/> ;LC-126A: Military designation for the Cessna 195, five-seat communication aircraft for the US Army, it could be fitted with skis or floats, 15 built.<ref name="Harding 1997"/> ;LC-126B: Similar aircraft to the LC-126 for Air National Guard use, five built.<ref name="Harding 1997"/> ;LC-126C: Variant of the LC-126A for instrument training/liaison, 63 built.<ref name="Harding 1997"/> ;U-20B: LC-126B redesignated by the USAF after 1962.<ref name="Harding 1997"/> ;U-20C: LC-126C redesignated by the USAF after 1962.<ref name="Harding 1997"/>
==Operators== ===Civil=== The Cessna 190 and 195 have been popular with private individuals and companies, and have also been operated by some air charter companies and small feeder airlines.
===Military=== ;{{CUB}} *''Fuezas Aéreas Ejército de Cuba'' operated a single Cessna 190 in the early 1950s.<ref>Hagedorn 1993, p. 16</ref> ;{{USA}} *Army National Guard<ref name="Harding 1997"/> *United States Army<ref name="Harding 1997"/> *United States Air Force<ref name="jawa51 p212c">Bridgman 1951, p. 212c.</ref>
==Specifications (Cessna 195)== frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Cessna LC-126
{{Aircraft specs |ref=The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition<ref name="Christy"/> |prime units?=imp<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification, met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show --> <!-- General characteristics --> |genhide= |crew=one |capacity=four passengers |length m= |length ft=27 |length in=4 |length note= |span m= |span ft=36 |span in=2 |span note= |height m= |height ft=7 |height in=2 |height note= |wing area sqm= |wing area sqft= |wing area note= |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil= |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb=2100 |empty weight note= |gross weight kg= |gross weight lb=3350 |gross weight note= |fuel capacity={{convert|75|gal}} |more general= <!-- Powerplant --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=Jacobs R-755 |eng1 type=radial engine |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=300<!-- prop engines --> |prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop name=Hamilton Standard constant speed propeller |prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop note=
<!-- Performance --> |perfhide= |max speed kmh= |max speed mph=178 |max speed kts= |max speed note=<ref name="A-790"/> |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph=170 |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note=at 70% power |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph=62 |stall speed kts= |stall speed note=power off, flaps 45° |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph=200 |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note=<ref name="A-790"/> |range km= |range miles=800 |range nmi= |range note=at 70% power |endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |ceiling m= |ceiling ft=18300 |ceiling note= |g limits=<!-- aerobatic --> |roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin=1200 |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2= |wing loading lb/sqft=15.36 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption kg/km= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight= |more performance= |avionics= }}
==See also== {{aircontent| |related= |similar aircraft= * Beechcraft Staggerwing * Stinson Reliant |lists= |see also= }}
==References== {{commons category multi|Cessna 190|Cessna 195}} {{reflist}} * {{cite book |last=Bridgman |first=Leonard |title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52 |year=1951 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. |location=London }} * {{cite book |last=Hagedorn |first=Daniel P. |title=Central American and Caribbean Air Forces |year=1993 |location=Tonbridge, Kent, UK |publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd |isbn=0-85130-210-6}} * {{cite book |last=Harding |first=Stephen |title=U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947 |url=https://archive.org/details/usarmyaircraftsi0000hard_c0o7 |url-access=registration |year=1997 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd. |location=Atglen, Pennsylvania, USA |isbn= 0-7643-0190-X}}
{{Cessna}} {{USAF transports}} {{US utility aircraft}}
195 Category:High-wing aircraft Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft Category:1940s United States civil utility aircraft Category:United States business aircraft Category:Aircraft first flown in 1945 Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear Category:Single-engined piston aircraft