{{Short description|Extinct genus of trilobites}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Tremadocian-Pragian<br>~{{fossil range|489|409}} | image = Calymene clavicula dorsal.jpg | image_caption = ''Calymene clavicula'' 32mm, Henryhouse Formation, Oklahoma, Cayugan | taxon = Calymene | authority = Brongniart, 1822 | type_species = ''Calymene blumenbachii'' | type_species_authority = Brongniart, 1822 <ref name="Siveter"/> }}
'''''Calymene''''' is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21478 |work=The Paleontology Database |title=†''Calymene'' Muenster 1840 (trilobite) |access-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720082301/http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21478 |archive-date=2012-07-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Calymene'' is closely related to ''Flexicalymene'', and both genera are frequently found enrolled.<ref>{{cite book |editor=John P. Rafferty |year=2010 |title=The Paleozoic Era: Diversification of Plant and Animal Life |series=Geologic History of Earth |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |isbn=978-1-61530-196-6}}</ref> Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Milson, C. |author2=Rigby, S. |author2-link=Sue Rigby |title=Fossils at a Glance|year=2004|publisher=Blackwell Science Ltd|location=Oxford}}</ref>
The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822).<ref>Brongniart, A. 1822. Les Trilobites. pp. 1-65, pls. 1-4 in: Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles. Paris. F.-G. Levrault, Libraire. 154 pp. 11 pls.</ref> A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816)<ref>Desmarest, A-G. 1816. Calymène. pp. 49-50 in: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition, Tome 5.</ref> (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.
== Etymology == {{More citations needed section|date=February 2026}} '''''Calymene''''' - meaning ''beautiful crescent'' as a reference to the glabella.{{cn|date=February 2026}}
== Known species and locations == *†''Calymene blumenbachii'', Dudley, England - Type<ref name="Siveter">{{cite journal |author=Derek J. Siveter |year=1985 |title=The type species of ''Calymene'' (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England |journal=Palaeontology |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=783–792 |url=http://cdn.palass.org/publications/palaeontology/volume_28/pdf/vol28_part4_pp783-792.pdf |access-date=2017-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175219/http://cdn.palass.org/publications/palaeontology/volume_28/pdf/vol28_part4_pp783-792.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brongniart |first=Alexandre |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JDuB33bXxMIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Histoire+naturelle+des+Crustac%C3%A9s+fossiles,+sous+les+rapports+zoologique+et+g%C3%A9ologique&ots=HX5NVzqxqs&sig=SJ1qnDihkvJa4BUf4zf8KBm3BPw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Histoire naturelle des crustacés fossiles: sous les rapports zoologiques et géologiques |date=1822 |publisher=Chez. F.-G. Levrault |language=fr}}</ref> *†''Calymene brevicapitata'', N. and S. Wales *†''Calymene breviceps'', Indiana and Illinois *†''Calymene celebra'', Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Calymene celebra'' Raymond 1916 (trilobite)|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=189543|publisher=Paleobiology Database|access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alex J. Chestnut |title=Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita |url=http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=wright1239724101 |publisher=OhioLINK ETD Center |access-date=August 21, 2011}}</ref> *†''Calymene clavicula'', Oklahoma *†''Calymene daviesii'', Radnorshire, Wales *†''Calymene duplicata'', Wales and Ireland *†''Calymene hopkinsoni'', Wales *†''Calymene niagarensis'', New York *†''Calymene parvifrons'', Wales *†''Calymene senaria'', N. Wales and Ireland *†''Calymene tristani'', Cornwall, England *†''Calymene tuberculata'', Gotland, Sweden *†''Calymene vogdesi'', Ohio *†''Calymene'' sp. in the Silurian–Ordovician of Morocco
=== Reassigned species === Since the genus ''Calymene'' was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera:<ref name='Treatise'>{{cite book|last= Moore|first= R. C.|year= 1959|title= Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha|publisher= Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press|series= Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology|volume= Part O.|pages=1–560|location= Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas|isbn= 0-8137-3015-5}}</ref>{{div col|colwidth=24em}} * ''C. aculeata'' = ''Parasolenopleura aculeata'' * ''C. aequalis'' = ''Archegonus aequalis'' * ''C. anchiops'' = ''Anchiopella anchiops'' * ''C. arachnoides'' = ''Asteropyge arachnoides'' * ''C. arago'' = ''Colpocoryphe arago'' * ''C. articulata'' = ''Crotalocephalus articulatus'' * ''C. baylei'' = ''Metacalymene baylei'' * ''C. bellatula'' = ''Cybele bellatula'' * ''C. bufo rana'' = ''Phacops rana'' * ''C. calicephala'' = ''Orimops calicephala'' * ''C. canaliculata'' = ''Solenopleura canaliculata''<ref name=Esteve>{{cite journal|last= Esteve|first= Jorge|year= 2015|title= Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3|journal= Annales de Paléontologie|doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001|volume=101|issue= 3|pages=185–192|bibcode= 2015AnPal.101..185E}}</ref> * ''C. cambrensis'' = ''Flexicalymene cambrensis'' * ''C. caractaci'' = ''Flexicalymene caractaci'' * ''C. clavifrons'' = ''Cyrtometopus clavifrons'' * ''C. concinna'' = ''Proetus concinnus'' * ''C. diademata'' = ''Diacalymene diademata'' * ''C. downingiae'' = ''Acaste downingiae'' * ''C. frontiloba'' = ''Pliomera fischeri'' * ''C. granulata'' = ''Phacops granulatus'' * ''C. holometopa'' = ''Solenopleura holometopa''<ref name=Esteve /> * ''C. marginata'' = ''Perliproetus marginata'' * ''C. odini'' = ''Chasmops odini'' * ''C. ornata'' = ''Ceraurinella ornata''<ref>{{cite journal|first= Helje|last= Pärnaste|year= 2004|title= Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus ''Reraspis'' with the description of the earliest representative|journal= Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol.|volume= 53|issue= 2|pages= 125–138|doi= 10.3176/geol.2004.2.03|s2cid= 55808470|url= http://www.gi.ee/pdfid/10912.pdf}}</ref> * ''C. papillata'' = ''Papillicalymene papillata'' * ''C. platycephala'' = ''Platycoryphe platycephala'' * ''C. polytoma'' = ''Pliomera fischeri'' * ''C. sclerops'' = ''Pterygometopus sclerops'' * ''C. sinensis'' = ''Blackwelderia sinensis'' * ''C. speciosa'' = ''Parapilekia speciosa'' * ''C. stenometopa'' = ''Acrocephalites stenometopus'' * ''C. stokesii'' = Phacopidae, generic assignment uncertain<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Ramskjöld|first1= L.|last2= Werdelin|first2= L.|year= 1991|title= The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites|journal= Cladistics|volume= 7|pages= 29–74|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x|doi-access= free}}</ref> * ''C. tingi'' = ''Calymenesun tingi'' * ''C. tournemini'' = ''Placoparia tournemini'' * ''C. tristani'' = ''Synhomalonotus tristani'' * ''C. unicornis'' = ''Reedocalymene unicornis'' * ''C. variolaris'' = ''Balizoma variolaris'' * ''C. verrucosa'' = ''Atractopyge verrucosa'' * ''C. volborthi'' = ''Ptychometopus volborthi'' {{div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist|32em}}
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Calymene|''Calymene''}} * {{cite book |author=Henry Woodward |year=1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/acataloguebriti00woodgoog |title=A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of Each Genus and Order |publisher=Taylor and Francis |pages=[https://archive.org/details/acataloguebriti00woodgoog/page/n44 28]–29|author-link=Henry Woodward (geologist) }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2581412}}
Category:Calymenidae Category:Silurian trilobites of Europe Category:Silurian trilobites of North America Category:Early Ordovician first appearances Category:Early Devonian genus extinctions Category:Phacopida genera Category:Tremadocian Category:Floian Category:Dapingian Category:Darriwilian Category:Sandbian Category:Katian Category:Hirnantian Category:Rhuddanian Category:Aeronian Category:Telychian Category:Sheinwoodian Category:Homerian Category:Gorstian Category:Ludfordian Category:Pridoli life Category:Lochkovian life Category:Pragian life Category:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Paleozoic life of Ontario Category:Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories Category:Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia Category:Paleozoic life of Nunavut Category:Paleozoic life of Quebec Category:Fossil taxa described in 1822