{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Calvatia craniiformis.JPG | image_caption = ''Calvatia craniiformis'' | taxon = Calvatia | authority = Fr. (1849) | type_species = ''Calvatia craniiformis'' | type_species_authority = (Schwein.) Fr. (1849) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Calvatia"/> | synonyms = *''Omalycus'' <small>Raf. (1814)<ref name="Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1814"/></small> *''Hippoperdon'' <small>Mont. (1842)<ref name="Montagne 1842"/></small> *''Hypoblema'' <small>Lloyd (1902)<ref name="Lloyd 1902"/></small> }}
'''''Calvatia''''' is a genus of puffball mushrooms that includes the giant puffball ''C. gigantea''. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split; the puffballs, ''Calvatia spp.'' are now placed in the family Lycoperdaceae of the order Agaricales.
Most species in the genus ''Calvatia'' are edible when young, though some are best avoided, such as ''Calvatia fumosa'', which has a very pungent odor.
The name ''Calvatia'' derives from the Latin ''calvus'' meaning "bald" and ''calvaria'', meaning "dome of the skull".
==Taxonomy== ''Calvatia'' was circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. Fries included a single species in the genus, ''Calvatia craniiformis'', which was originally described as ''Bovista craniiformis'' by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1832.<ref name="Fries 1849"/>
==Species== {{As of|2015|February}}, Index Fungorum lists 58 species of ''Calvatia''. <ref name="Kirk 2015">{{cite web |author=Kirk PM |title=Species Fungorum (version 15th February 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/20915520 |access-date=2015-02-18 |archive-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104071923/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/20915520 |url-status=dead }}</ref> thumb|right|''Calvatia nipponica'' thumb|right|''Calvatia sculpta'' {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''C. agaricoides'' Dissing & M. Lange 1962 * ''C. ahmadii'' Khalid & S.H. Iqbal 2004 – Pakistan<ref name="Khalid 2004"/> * ''C. aniodina'' Pat. 1912 – Africa<ref name="Patouillard 1912"/> * ''C. arctica'' Ferd. & Winge 1910 – Greenland<ref name="Ferdinandsen 1910"/> * ''C. argentea'' (Berk.) Kreisel 1992 * ''C. bellii'' (Peck) M. Lange 1990 * ''C. bicolor'' (Lév.) Kreisel 1992 * ''C. boninensis'' S.Ito & S.Imai 1939 – Bonin Islands, Japan<ref name="Ito 1939"/> * ''C. booniana'' A.H.Sm. 1964 * ''C. borealis'' T.C.E.Fr. 1914 – Europe<ref name="Fries 1914"/> * ''C. candida'' (Rostk.) Hollós 1902 * ''C. capensis'' (Lloyd) J.C.Coetzee, Eicker & A.E.van Wyk 2003 * ''C. connivens'' M.Lange 1990 – Greenland<ref name="Lange 1990"/> * ''C. cretacea'' (Berk.) Lloyd 1917 * ''C. craniiformis'' (Schwein.) Fr. ex De Toni 1888 * ''C. crucibulum'' (Mont.) Kreisel 1992 * ''C. cyathiformis'' (Bosc) Morgan 1890 * ''C. flava'' (Massee) Kreisel 1992 * ''C. friabilis'' (G.Moreno, Altés, C.Ochoa & J.E.Wright) G.Moreno, Altés & C.Ochoa 2006 * ''C. fulvida'' Sosin 1952 * ''C. fusca'' (G.Cunn.) Grgur. 1997 * ''C. gardneri'' (Berk.) Lloyd 1904 * ''C. gigantea'' (Batsch) Lloyd 1904 * ''C. guzmanii'' C.R.Alves & Cortez 2012<ref name="Alves 2013"/> * ''C. holothurioides'' Rebriev 2013 * ''C. horrida'' M.Lange 1990 – Svalbard, Norway<ref name="Lange 1990"/> * ''C. incerta'' Bottomley 1948 * ''C. kakavu'' (Zipp.) Overeem 1927 * ''C. lacerata'' A.H.Sm. 1964 * ''C. lachnoderma'' Pat. 1907 * ''C. lilacina'' (Mont. & Berk.) Henn. 1904 * ''C. lloydii'' Zeller & Coker 1947 * ''C. lycoperdoides'' Kościelny & Wojt. 1935 * ''C. macrogemmae'' Lloyd 1923 * ''C. nipponica'' Kawam. ex Kasuya & Katum. 2008 * ''C. nodulata'' Alfredo & Baseia 2014 – Brazil<ref name="Alfredo 2014"/> * ''C. oblongispora'' V.L.Suárez, J.E.Wright & Calonge 2009 – Brazil<ref name="Suarez 2009"/> * ''C. occidentalis'' Lloyd 1915 * ''C. ochrogleba'' Zeller 1947 * ''C. olba'' Grgur. 1997 – New South Wales, Australia * ''C. olivacea'' (Cooke & Massee) Lloyd 1905 * ''C. owyheensis'' A.H.Sm. 1964 * ''C. pachydermica'' (Speg.) Kreisel 1992 * ''C. pallida'' A.H.Sm. 1964 * ''C. paradoxa'' A.H.Sm. 1964 * ''C. polygonia'' A.H.Sm. 1964 * ''C. primitiva'' Lloyd 1904 * ''C. pseudolilacina'' (Speg.) Speg. 1919 * ''C. pygmaea'' (R.E.Fr.) Kreisel, G.Moreno, C.Ochoa & Altés 1998 * ''C. pyriformis'' (Lév.) Kreisel 1992 * ''C. rosacea'' Kreisel 1989 – Ecuador<ref name="Kreisel 1989"/> * ''C. rubrotincta'' Zeller 1947 * ''C. rugosa'' (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) D.A. Reid 1977 * ''C. sculpta'' (Harkn.) Lloyd 1904 * ''C. septentrionalis'' M.Lange 1990 – Greenland<ref name="Lange 1990"/> * ''C. sporocristata'' Calonge 2003 – Costa Rica<ref name="Calonge 2003"/> * ''C. subtomentosa'' Dissing & M.Lange 1962 * ''C. tropicalis'' (Speg.) Speg. 1919 * ''C. turneri'' (Ellis & Everh.) Demoulin & M.Lange 1990 * ''C. utriformis'' (Bull.) Jaap 1918 * ''C. vinosa'' Kasuya & Retn. 2006 – Indonesia<ref name="Kasuya 2006"/> * ''C. violascens'' (Cooke & Massee) R.T.Baker 1907 {{div col end}}
==See also== * List of Agaricales genera * List of Agaricaceae genera
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Alfredo 2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=da Silva Alfredo D, Rodrigues AC, Baseia IG |title=''Calvatia nodulata'', a new gasteroid fungus from Brazilian semiarid region |journal=Journal of Mycology |year=2014 |volume=697602 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1155/2014/697602 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Alves 2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alves CR, Cortez VG |title=''Calvatia guzmanii'' sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Paraná State, Brazil |journal=Phytotaxa |year=2013 |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=35–40 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.1 |bibcode=2013Phytx..85...35A }}</ref>
<ref name="Calonge 2003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calonge FD, Mata M, Carranza J |title=''Calvatia sporocristata'' sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes) from Costa Rica |journal=Revista de Biología Tropical |year=2003 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=79–84 |pmid=15162683 |url=http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-77442003000100006}} {{open access}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferdinandsen 1910">{{cite journal |author=Ferdinandsen C. |title=Fungi terrestres from NE-Greenland (N of 76° N. Lat.) collected by the "Danmark Expedition" |journal=Meddelelser om Grønland |year=1910 |volume=43 |pages=137–145}}</ref>
<ref name="Fries 1849">{{cite book |author=Fries EM |title=Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae |year=1849 |volume=2 |publisher=Typographia Academica |location=Uppsala, Sweden |page=442 |language=Latin |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32637063}}</ref>
<ref name="Fries 1914">{{cite journal |author=Fries TCE |title=Zur Kenntnis der Gasteromyceten-Flora in Torne Lappmark |journal=Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift |year=1914 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=235–243 |language=German}}</ref>
<ref name="Kasuya 2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kasuya T, Retnowati A |title=New or noteworthy species of the genus ''Calvatia'' Fr. (Basidiomycota) with probable medicinal value from Indonesia |journal=International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms |year=2006 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=283–8 |doi=10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i3.100}}</ref>
<ref name="Khalid 2004">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khalid AN, Iqbal SH |title=''Calvatia ahmadii'' sp.nov., from Pakistan |journal=Pakistan Journal of Botany |year=2004 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=669–71 |url=http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/36%283%29/PJB36%283%29669.pdf }}</ref>
<ref name="Kreisel 1989">{{cite journal |author=Kreisel H. |title=Studies in the ''Calvatia'' complex (Basidiomycetes) |journal=Nova Hedwigia |year=1989 |volume=48 |pages=281–96}}</ref>
<ref name="Ito 1939">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ito S, Imai S |title=Fungi of the Bonin Islands. III |journal=Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society |year=1939 |volume=16 |pages=9–20}}</ref>
<ref name="Lange 1990">{{cite journal |author=Lange M. |title=Arctic Gasteromycetes. II. ''Calvatia'' in Greenland, Svalbard, Arctic Ocean and Iceland |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |year=1990 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=525–46 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb00545.x}}</ref>
<ref name="Lloyd 1902">{{cite journal |author=Lloyd CG |title=The genera of Gasteromycetes |journal=Mycological Notes |issue=7 |pages=1–24 (see p. 11)}}</ref>
<ref name="Montagne 1842">{{cite journal |author=Montagne JPFC |title=Troisième Centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades I, II, III et IV. Fungi cubenses |journal=Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique |volume=17 |pages=119–28 |issue=II |language=French}}</ref>
<ref name="Patouillard 1912">{{cite journal |author=Patouillard NT |title=Quelques Champignons de la Guinee Française |journal=Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France |year=1912 |volume=28 |pages=31–37 |language=French}}</ref>
<ref name="Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1814">{{cite book |author=Rafinesque-Schmaltz CS. |title=Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814, ou choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique pour servir d'introduction a ses ouvrages futurs |year=1821 |publisher=Palermo |page=52 |language=French}}</ref>
<ref name="Suarez 2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suarez VL, Wright JE, Calonge FD |title=''Calvatia oblongispora'' sp. nov. from Brazil, with close affinities to ''Calvatia sporocristata'' from Costa Rica |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2009 |volume=108 |pages=323–7 |doi=10.5248/108.323|hdl=10261/78820 |s2cid=12232521 |url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/78820/1/calvatia_MYCOTAXON_2009.pdf |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Calvatia">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Calvatia'' Fr. |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=19051 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |access-date=2015-02-18}}</ref>
}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Calvatia}} {{Wikispecies}} * [http://www.hti.umich.edu:80/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=fung1tc;cc=fung1tc;view=toc;idno=AGK0823.0001.001 ''Puffballs and their allies in Michigan''] by Alexander H. Smith, 1951. (Full text of monograph.)
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1549736}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Agaricaceae Category:Agaricales genera Category:Puffballs Category:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries Category:Taxa described in 1849 *