{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Uncharacterized protein C2orf73''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''C2orf73'' gene. The protein is predicted to be localized to the nucleus.
==Gene== The full gene spans a total of 53,712 base pairs and contains nine exons. The gene's location in the Human genome is on chromosome 2 at position 2p16.2 and is flanked by the genes ACYP2 and SPTBN1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Homo sapiens chromosome 2 open reading frame 73 (C2orf73), mRNA - Nucleotide - NCBI|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001100396.1|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> There are no aliases for this gene.
==mRNA== The primary mRNA produced by the C2or73 gene is 1921 nucleotides long. There are six other mRNA isoforms produced by alternative splicing and variation in exon length.<ref>{{cite web|title=C2orf73 chromosome 2 open reading frame 73 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/129852|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Isoform !! Exons !! mRNA Length (bases) |- | Primary || 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 || 1921 |- | X1 || 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 (truncated), 8, 9 || 1726 |- | X2 || 2, 3 (truncated), 5, 6, 7 (truncated) || 971 |- | X3 || 2 (truncated), 5, 6, 7 (truncated) || 868 |- | X4 || 4, 5, 6, 7 (truncated) || 951 |- | X5 || 1, 5, 6, 7 (truncated) || 1049 |- | X6 || 2, 3, 5, 7 (truncated) || 1034 |}
==Protein== The protein has a molecular mass of 32,142 daltons.<ref>{{cite web|title=C2orf73 Gene - GeneCards {{!}} CB073 Protein {{!}} CB073 Antibody|url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C2orf73|website=www.genecards.org|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> There are four protein isoforms. The primary isoform (X1) is 287 amino acids long.<ref>{{cite web|title=C2orf73 chromosome 2 open reading frame 73 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/129852|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
C2orf73 contains a short sequence motif, GDWWSH (This motif does not yet have any known function). The protein is lysine rich and leucine poor compared to the content of the average Human gene and has a predicted isoelectric point of 9.305.<ref>{{cite web|title=SDSC Biology Workbench|url=http://workbench.sdsc.edu/|website=workbench.sdsc.edu|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Isoform !! From mRNA Isoform !! Length (Amino Acids) !! Molecular Weight (kDa) !! Isoelectric Point |- | X1 || Primary, X1 || 287 || 32.1 || 9.305 |- | X2 || X2 || 229 || 25.4 || 9.120 |- | X3 || X3, X4, X5 || 166 || 18.1 || 9.703 |- | X4 || X6 || 143 || 16.7 || 8.790 |}
==Structure== A 3D structure for C2orf73 has not yet been determined experimentally. A computational prediction made by I-TASSER is presented to the right.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-TASSER server for protein structure and function prediction|url=http://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/I-TASSER/|website=zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> thumb|right|Predicted 3D structure of Human C2orf73 protein generated by I-TASSER.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y | title = I-TASSER server for protein 3D structure prediction | journal = BMC Bioinformatics | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 40 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18215316 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2105-9-40 | pmc = 2245901 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang J, Yan R, Roy A, Xu D, Poisson J, Zhang Y | title = The I-TASSER Suite: protein structure and function prediction | journal = Nature Methods | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–8 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25549265 | doi = 10.1038/nmeth.3213 | pmc = 4428668 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roy A, Kucukural A, Zhang Y | title = I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction | journal = Nature Protocols | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 725–38 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20360767 | doi = 10.1038/nprot.2010.5 | pmc = 2849174 }}</ref>
The PELE tool on Biology Workbench predicts three likely α-helices and one β-strand in the protein.<ref>{{cite web|title=SDSC Biology Workbench|url=http://workbench.sdsc.edu/|website=workbench.sdsc.edu|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
==Post translational modifications== The GPS, NetPhos, MyHits and SUMOsp tools on ExPASy<ref>{{cite web|title=ExPASy: SIB Bioinformatics Resource Portal - Categories|url=https://www.expasy.org/proteomics|website=www.expasy.org|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> predict potential post-translational modifications for the protein. Six potential phosphorylation sites and one sumoylation site are predicted.
==Subcellular localization== PSORT II predicts C2orf73 to be localized to the nucleus.<ref>{{cite web|title=PSORT II Prediction|url=https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html|website=psort.hgc.jp|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> This is supported by the predicted presence of a sumoylation site, which is involved in nuclear cytoplasmic transport.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hay RT | title = SUMO: a history of modification | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–12 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15808504 | doi = 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.03.012 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
==Expression== GEO profiles from NCBI show that C2orf73 is weakly expressed in the following tissues in Humans: bone marrow, liver, heart, lung, brain, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, thymus, and epithelium.<ref>{{cite web|title=Home - GEO - NCBI|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=28 April 2017|language=en}}</ref>
==Regulation of expression== The Genomatix El Dorado tool predicts many transcription factors to have a high binding affinity in the 1100 base pairs upstream of ''C2orf73''. Many of the transcription factors normally regulate processes such as cell development and differentiation, cell death, and the cell cycle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Genomatix - NGS Data Analysis & Personalized Medicine|url=https://www.genomatix.de/?s=60d5aed29abeb59355b1744206ac81a6|website=www.genomatix.de|accessdate=28 April 2017|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806210847/https://www.genomatix.de/?s=60d5aed29abeb59355b1744206ac81a6|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Interacting Proteins== Three proteins have been experimentally determined to interact with C2orf73 through Yeast Two-Hybrid experiments.<ref>{{cite web|title=PSICQUIC View|url=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/webservices/psicquic/view/main.xhtml|website=www.ebi.ac.uk|accessdate=28 April 2017|language=en}}</ref> * FCH and Double SH3 Domains 2 (FCHSD2) - Function has not yet been defined *Heat Shock Protein Family B Member 1 (HSPB1) - Aids cell's resistance to stress *SH3 Domain Binding Protein 4 (SH3BP4) - Involved in endocytosis of specific cell surface receptors
==Function== The function of C2orf73 is currently not well understood by the scientific community or anyone else.
==Homology== There are no paralogs of C2orf73 in the Human genome. Orthologs are found throughout, but are limited to, the phylum Chordata (with a few exceptions in other phyla of the kingdom Animalia, like the ''Octopus bimaculoides'').<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ | title = Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 25 | issue = 17 | pages = 3389–402 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9254694 | doi=10.1093/nar/25.17.3389| pmc = 146917 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Species !! Common name !! NCBI Accession Number !! Sequence length (AA) !! Millions of Years Since LCA<ref>{{cite web|title=TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life|url=http://www.timetree.org/|website=www.timetree.org|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref> !! % Identity !! % Similarity |- | ''Homo sapiens'' || Human || NP_001093866.1 || 287 || - || - || - |- | ''Heterocephalus glaber'' || Naked mole rat || XP_004867342.1 || 235 || 90 || 62.2 || 68.2 |- | ''Mus musculus'' || Mouse || NP_001093864.1 || 233 || 90 || 54.9 || 62.8 |- | ''Fukomys damarensis'' || Damaraland mole-rat || XP_010614136.2 || 288 || 90 || 75.0 || 83.7 |- | ''Pteropus vampyrus'' || Large Flying Fox || XP_011362281.1 || 291 || 96 || 77.7 || 82.8 |- | ''Eptesicus fuscus'' || Big Brown Bat || XP_008160678.1 || 321 || 96 || 61.8 || 67.6 |- | ''Rhinolophus sinicus'' || Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat || XP_019575083.1 || 301 || 96 || 71.4 || 79.4 |- | ''Erinaceus europaeus'' || European Hedgehog || XP_007528011.1 || 284 || 96 || 63.8 || 71.4 |- | ''Condylura cristata'' || Star nosed mole || XP_012586937.1 || 291 || 96 || 69.8 || 79.0 |- | ''Camelus ferus'' || Wild Bactrian camel || XP_006174505.1 || 291 || 96 || 75.6 || 83.2 |- | ''Capra hircus'' || Goat || XP_013823176.1 || 285 || 96 || 73.1 || 77.9 |- | ''Bos taurus'' || Cattle || NP_001094753.1 || 290 || 96 || 75.5 || 81.0 |- | ''Panthera pardus'' || Leopard || XP_019277335.1 || 292 || 96 || 75.0 || 82.2 |- | ''Ursus maritimus'' || Polar Bear || XP_008698084.1 || 290 || 96 || 77.3 || 84.5 |- | ''Falco peregrinus'' || Peregrine Falcon || XP_013152712.1 || 231 || 312 || 36.2 || 44.6 |- | ''Apteryx mantelli'' || North Island Brown Kiwi || XP_013805202.1 || 197 || 312 || 36.9 || 41.9 |- | ''Python bivittatus'' || Burmese Python || XP_007425859.1 || 314 || 312 || 30.8 || 45.0 |- | ''Anolis carolinensis'' || Carolina anole || XP_003216202.2 || 320 || 312 || 35.3 || 42.7 |- | ''Xenopus laevis'' || African Clawed Frog || XP_018118010.1 || 307 || 352 || 36.9 || 52.2 |- | ''Nanorana parkeri'' || Frog || XP_018419829.1 || 307 || 352 || 36.4 || 45.8 |- | ''Callorhinchus milii'' || Australian Ghostshark || XP_007890694.1 || 293 || 473 || 28.0 || 34.9 |- | ''Ciona intestinalis'' || Sea squirt || XP_002125895.1 || 235 || 676 || 22.4 || 34.5 |- | ''Octopus bimaculoides'' || California two-spot octopus || XP_014784430.1 || 242 || 797 || 22.4 || 30.0 |- | ''Saccoglossus kowalevskii'' || Acorn Worm || XP_002735239.2 || 232 || 684 || 17.9 || 27.9 |}
==References== {{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:C2orf73}} Category:Uncharacterized proteins