{{short description|Subfamily of beetles}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Bean weevils | oldest_fossil = Cenomanian | image = Bruchinae in Xinjiang.jpg | image_caption = | taxon = Bruchinae | authority = Latreille, 1802<ref>{{ITIS |id=678800 |taxon=Bruchinae}}</ref> | diversity_link = #Genera | diversity = About 1,650 species in 70 genera | diversity_ref = <ref>{{cite book|first=Geoffrey|last=Morse|year=2014|chapter=2.7.1 Bruchinae Latreille, 1802|pages=189–198|editor-last1=Leschen|editor-first1=R.A.B.|editor-last2=Beutel|editor-first2=R.G.|title=Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga)|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|place=Berlin - Boston|isbn=978-3-11-027370-0|doi=10.1515/9783110274462.189}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Tribes and subtribes | subdivision_ref = <ref>{{cite journal|first1=Patrice|last1=Bouchard|first2=Yves|last2=Bousquet|first3=Anthony E.|last3=Davies|first4=Miguel A.|last4=Alonso-Zarazaga|first5=John F.|last5=Lawrence|first6=Chris H. C.|last6=Lyal|first7=Alfred F.|last7=Newton|first8=Chris A. M.|last8=Reid|first9=Michael|last9=Schmitt|first10=S. Adam|last10=Ślipiński|first11=Andrew B. T.|last11=Smith|year=2011|title=Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)|journal=ZooKeys|issue=88|pages=1–972|doi=10.3897/zookeys.88.807|doi-access=free|pmc=3088472|pmid=21594053|bibcode=2011ZooK...88....1B }}</ref> | subdivision = * Amblycerini ** Amblycerina ** Spermophagina * Bruchini ** Acanthoscelidina (= Bruchidiina) ** Bruchina ** Megacerina * Eubaptini * Kytorhinini * Pachymerini ** Caryedontina ** Caryopemina ** Pachymerina * Rhaebini * †Myanmaropini<ref name="Legalovetal2020"/> | synonyms = Lariidae <small>Bedel, 1901</small> }} [[Image:Bonenkever Acanthoscelides obtectus.jpg|thumb|right|Damage to beans by larvae of the common bean weevil, ''Acanthoscelides obtectus'']]
'''Bean weevils''', also known as '''seed beetles''', are members of the beetle subfamily '''Bruchinae'''. They are placed in the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae, though they were historically treated as a separate family. Despite being called "bean weevils", they are not true weevils. The subfamily includes about 1,650 species and are found worldwide.
Bean weevils are generally compact and oval in shape, with small heads somewhat bent under. Sizes range from {{Convert|1|-|22|mm|abbr=out}} for some tropical species. Colors are usually black or brown, often with mottled patterns. Although their mandibles may be elongated, they do not have the long snouts characteristic of other weevils. A defining characteristic of this subfamily is that the elytra don't quite reach the tip of their abdomens (as seen in the header image).
The Bruchinae are granivores, and typically infest various kinds of seeds or beans (hence their common names), living most of their lives inside a single seed;{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} Host plants tend to be legumes, but species will also be found in Convolvulaceae, Arecaceae, and Malvaceae. The adults deposit eggs on seeds of these plants, then the larvae chew their way into the seed. When ready to pupate, the larvae typically cut an exit hole, then return to their feeding chamber. Due to this, several species are considered pests. The adult weevils have a habit of feigning death and dropping from a plant when disturbed.
Several species are native to Great Britain, but there are also records of several introduced species from stored products in warehouses and dwellings, although these species cannot proliferate outside of heated buildings in that climate.{{Relevance inline|date=May 2025|reason=Why does the UK have to be discussed and not other countries?}}
==Genera== This list of genera uses the new classification scheme, treating the bean weevils as a subfamily with six extant tribes, eight or nine subtribes, and one extinct tribe. The former names and ranks for the tribes and subtribes under the old classification, treating the been weevils as a family, are given in parentheses (except for Myanmaropini, which was established only for the new classification).<ref>{{cite web|title=Species Information|url=http://home.sandiego.edu/~gmorse/Species.htm|website=BRUCHBASE|access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coleoptera: Bruchidae|url=http://www.coleoptera.org/p1541.htm|website=Coleoptera.org|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=15 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915003851/http://coleoptera.org/p1541.htm}}</ref>
* Tribe Amblycerini Bridwell, 1932 (= Subfamily Amblycerinae) ** Subtribe Amblycerina Bridwell, 1932 (= Tribe Amblycerini) *** ''Amblycerus'' Thunberg, 1815 ** Subtribe Spermophagina Borowiec, 1987 (= Tribe Spermophagini) *** ''Spermophagus'' Schoenherr, 1833 *** ''Zabrotes'' Horn, 1885 * Tribe Bruchini Latreille, 1802 (= Subfamily Bruchinae) ** Subtribe Acanthoscelidina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Acanthoscelidini) *** ''Abutiloneus'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Acanthoscelides'' Schilsky, 1905 *** ''Algarobius'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Althaeus'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Bonaerius'' Bridwell, 1952 *** ''Caryedes'' Hummel, 1827 *** ''Cosmobruchus'' Bridwell, 1931 *** ''Ctenocolum'' Kingsolver & Whitehead, 1974 *** ''Dahlibruchus'' Bridwell, 1931 *** ''Gibbobruchus'' Pic, 1913 *** ''Lithraeus'' Bridwell, 1952 *** ''Margaritabruchus'' Romero & Johnson, 2001 *** ''Meibomeus'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Megasennius'' Whitehead & Kingsolver, 1975 *** ''Merobruchus'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Mimosestes'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Neltumius'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Neobruchidius'' Johnson & Romero, 2006 *** ''Palpibruchus'' Borowiec, 1987 *** ''Pectinibruchus'' Kingsolver, 1967 *** ''Penthobruchus'' Kingsolver, 1973 *** ''Pseudopachymerina'' Zacher, 1952 *** ''Pygiopachymerus'' Pic, 1911 *** ''Rhipibruchus'' Bridwell, 1932 *** ''Scutobruchus'' Kingsolver, 1968 *** ''Sennius'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Spatulobruchus'' Borowiec, 1987 *** ''Stator'' Bridwell, 1946 *** ''Stylantheus'' Bridwell, 1946 ** Subtribe Bruchidiina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Bruchidiini){{NoteTag|This subtribe is sometimes combined with Acanthoscelidina.}} *** ''Acanthobruchidius'' Borowiec, 1980 *** ''Borowiecius'' Anton, 1994 *** ''Bruchidius'' Schilsky, 1905 *** ''Callosobruchus'' Pic, 1902 *** ''Conicobruchus'' Decelle, 1951 *** ''Decellebruchus'' Borowiec, 1987 *** ''Horridobruchus'' Borowiec, 1984 *** ''Kingsolverius'' Borowiec, 1987 *** ''Megabruchidius'' Borowiec, 1984 *** ''Palaeoacanthoscelides'' Borowiec, 1985 *** ''Parasulcobruchus'' Anton, 1999 *** ''Pygobruchidius'' Pic, 1951 *** ''Salviabruchus'' Decelle, 1982 *** ''Specularius'' Bridwell, 1938 *** ''Sulcobruchus'' Chûjô, 1937 *** ''Tuberculobruchus'' Decelle, 1951 ** Subtribe Bruchina Latreille, 1802 (= Tribe Bruchini) *** ''Bruchus'' Linnaeus, 1767 ** Subtribe Megacerina Bridwell, 1946 (= Tribe Megacerini) *** ''Megacerus'' Fåhraeus, 1839 * Tribe Eubaptini Bridwell, 1932 (= Subfamily Eubaptinae) ** ''Eubaptus'' Lacordaire, 1845 * Tribe Kytorhinini Bridwell, 1832 (= Subfamily Kytorhininae) ** ''Kytorhinus'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1809 * Tribe Pachymerini Bridwell, 1929 (= Subfamily Pachymerinae) ** Subtribe Caryedontina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryedontini) *** ''Aforedon'' Decelle, 1965 *** ''Caryedon'' Schoenherr, 1823 *** ''Caryotrypes'' Decelle, 1968 *** ''Exoctenophorus'' Decelle, 1968 *** ''Mimocaryedon'' Decelle, 1968 ** Subtribe Caryopemina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Caryomepini) *** ''Caryopemon'' Jekel, 1855 *** ''Diegobruchus'' Pic, 1913 *** ''Protocaryopemon'' Borowiec, 1987 ** Subtribe Pachymerina Bridwell, 1929 (= Tribe Pachymerini) *** ''Butiobruchus'' Prevett, 1966 *** ''Caryobruchus'' Bridwell, 1929 *** ''Caryoborus'' Schoenherr, 1833 *** ''Pachymerus'' Thunberg, 1805 ***†''Mesopachymerus'' Poinar, 2005 Canadian amber, Campanian * Tribe Rhaebini Chapuis, 1874 (= Subfamily Rhaebinae) ** ''Rhaebus'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 * Tribe †Myanmaropini Legalov ''et al.'', 2020 **†''Myanmarops'' Legalov ''et al.'', 2020<ref name="Legalovetal2020">{{Cite journal|last1=Legalov|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Kirejtshuk|first2=Alexander G.|last3=Anokhin|first3=Boris A.|date=March 2020|title=The oldest seed beetle (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar with description of new tribe, genus and species|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667119302794|journal=Cretaceous Research|language=en|volume=107|article-number=104283|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104283|bibcode=2020CrRes.10704283L |s2cid=210632430 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} * John M. Kingsolver, "Bruchidae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, ''American Beetles'' (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2 (note that this reference itself indicates the group is a subfamily, and the change was made only after the chapter was written) ==External links== {{Wikispecies|Bruchinae}} {{Commons category|Bruchinae}} * [http://home.sandiego.edu/~gmorse/BRUCHBASE.htm BRUCHBASE]
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q217617|from2=Q13167641}}
Category:Bruchinae Category:Storage pests Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille