Broiliellus

{{Short description|Extinct genus of amphibians}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Early Permian | image = Broiliellus olsoni.jpg | image_caption = Restoration of ''Broiliellus olsoni'' | taxon = Broiliellus | authority = Williston, 1914 | type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Broiliellus texensis''''' | type_species_authority = Williston, 1914 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = * {{extinct}}''B. arroyoensis'' DeMar, 1967 * {{extinct}}''B. brevis'' Carroll, 1964 * {{extinct}}''B. olsoni'' DeMar, 1967 * {{extinct}}''B. reiszi'' Holmes ''et al.'', 2013 * {{extinct}}''B. texensis'' Williston, 1914 }}

'''''Broiliellus''''' is an extinct genus of dissorophoid temnospondyl within the family Dissorophidae. ''Broiliellus'' is most closely related to the genus ''Dissorophus'', and both have been placed in the subfamily Dissorophinae. ''Broiliellus'' is known from five species from the Early Permian: the type species is ''Broiliellus texensis,'' and the other species are ''Broiliellus brevis,'' ''Broiliellus olsoni, Broiliellus arroyoensis,'' and ''Broiliellus reiszi''. An additional species, ''Broiliellus novomexicanus'', which was originally named ''Aspidosaurus novomexicanus'', is now thought to fall outside the genus as a member of the subfamily Eucacopinae.<ref name=SRR12>{{Cite journal | last1 = Schoch | first1 = R. R. | title = Character distribution and phylogeny of the dissorophid temnospondyls | doi = 10.1002/mmng.201200010 | journal = Fossil Record | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–137 | year = 2012 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

== History of study == ''Broiliellus'' was first named by American paleontologist S.W. Williston in 1914 based on two nearly complete skulls in articulation with postcranial material from the early Permian of Texas; this species was given the name ''Broiliellus texensis'', the genus name being for the German paleontologist Ferdinand Broili, and the species name being for the geographic provenance.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Williston|first=S. W.|date=1914|title=Broiliellus, a New Genus of Amphibians from the Permian of Texas|journal=The Journal of Geology|volume=22|issue=1|pages=49–56|issn=0022-1376|jstor=30058879|doi=10.1086/622132|bibcode=1914JG.....22...49W|doi-access=free}}</ref> The holotype is currently reposited in the Field Museum. A second species, ''Broiliellus brevis'', from the Archer City bonebed in Texas was named in 1964 by Canadian paleontologist Robert Carroll; the holotype of this species is currently reposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carroll|first=Robert L.|date=1964|title=Early evolution of the dissorophid amphibians|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29970#page/7/mode/1up|journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology|volume=131|pages=163–250|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> Two more species were named in 1967 by American paleontologist Robert DeMar, ''Broiliellus olsoni'' and ''Broiliellus arroyoensis'', both from Texas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=DeMar|first=Robert E.|date=1967|title=Two new species of Broiliellus (Amphibians) from the Permian of Texas|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5190#/summary|journal=Fieldiana: Geology|volume=16|pages=117–129|via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> The most recent species to be described was ''Broiliellus reiszi'' in 2013 by Canadian paleontologist Robert Holmes and colleagues.<ref name="B.reiszi">{{Cite journal|last1=Holmes|first1=R.|last2=Berman|first2=D. S.|last3=Anderson|first3=J. S.|year=2013|title=A new dissorophid (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from the Early Permian of New Mexico (United States)|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol|volume=12|issue=7–8|pages=419–435|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2013.07.002}}</ref>

==Phylogeny== The phylogenetic analysis of Schoch (2012) found that ''Broiliellus'' was most closely related to ''Dissorophus''. However, the three species of ''Broiliellus'' did not form their own clade, but rather a polytomy (unresolved evolutionary relationship) with ''Dissorophus''.<ref name=SRR12/>

Holmes et al. (2013) named a new species of ''Broiliellus'', ''Broiliellus reiszi''.<ref name="B.reiszi" /> They performed two phylogenetic analyses using the data matrix of Schoch (2012). This analysis yielded more resolved topology and a monophyletic ''Broiliellus.'' Below is the cladogram from that analysis:

{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:90% |label1=Dissorophoidea |1={{clade |label1=Micromelerpetontidae |1={{clade |1=''Micromelerpeton''}} |2={{clade |label1=Amphibamidae |1={{clade |1=''Platyrhinops'' |2=''Doleserpeton''}} |label2=Olsoniformes |2={{clade |label1=Trematopidae |1={{clade |1=''Fedexia'' |2={{clade |1=''Ecolsonia'' |2={{clade |1=''Tambachia'' |2=''Anconastes'' |3={{clade |1=''Phonerpeton'' |2=''Acheloma''}} }} }} }} |label2=Dissorophidae |2={{clade |1=''Platyhystrix'' |2={{clade |1=''Aspidosaurus'' |2={{clade |1=''Brevidorsum'' |label2=Dissorophinae |2={{clade |1=''Dissorophus'' |2={{clade |1='''''Broiliellus olsoni''''' |2={{clade |1='''''Broiliellus texensis''''' |2={{clade |1='''''Broiliellus brevis''''' |2='''''Broiliellus reiszi'''''}} }} }} }} |label3=Eucacopinae |3={{clade |1=''Conjunctio'' |2=Rio Arriba taxon |3={{clade |1=Admiral taxon |2={{clade |1=''Cacops aspidephorus'' |2=''Cacops morrisi'' |3=''Cacops woehri'' |4={{clade |1=''Kamacops'' |2=''Zygosaurus''}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Dissorophidae Category:Cisuralian amphibians of North America Category:Prehistoric tetrapod genera Category:Fossil taxa described in 1914 Category:Taxa named by Samuel Wendell Williston Category:Prehistoric amphibian genera