{{Short description|City in North Khorasan province, Iran}} {{for|the administrative division of North Khorasan province|Bojnord County}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement | settlement_type = City | official_name = Bojnord | native_name = {{lang|fa|بجنورد}} | other_name = | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a =Mofakham Mirror House by Arashk Rajabpour.jpg {{!}} | photo2a =عمارت سردار مفخم بجنورد 1.jpg | photo2b =Jajarmi hosseiniye.jpg{{!}} | spacing = ۲ | size = 266 | foot_montage = }} | imagesize = | image_caption = Mofakham's House of Mirrors, Sardar Mofkham Mansion, Jajarmi Mansion | image_flag = | image_seal = Bojnord-logo.png | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Iran | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Iran | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = North Khorasan | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Bojnord | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Central | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Mohammad Ali Keshmiri | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 36 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_total = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_est = | population_est_as_of = | population_note = | population_metro = 335931 | population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 North Khorasan Province"/> | population_urban = 228931 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = IRST | utc_offset = +03:30 | coordinates = {{coord|37|28|20|N|57|19|44|E|dim:3km|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=37.472222&mlon=57.328889&zoom=14#map=14/37.47222/57.32889|website=OpenStreetMap |title=شاهد, ویلا شهر [Shahed, Villa Shahr], Bojnord, بخش مرکزی [Central District], Bojnurd County, North Khorasan Province, 94188-37378, Iran|date=26 October 2024|access-date=26 October 2024|lang=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Google Maps |title=F8CH+VHJ Bojnurd, North Khorasan Province, Iran |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/37°28'20.0%22N+57°19'44.0%22E/@37.472222,57.328889,8983m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d37.472222!4d57.328889?hl=en&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDEyOC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref> | elevation_m = 1070 | elevation_ft = | area_code = (+98) 58 | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = BSk | website = http://www.bojnord-city.ir/ | footnotes = }}
'''Bojnord'''{{efn|Also romanized as '''Bojnoord''' and '''Bojnūrd'''; and known during the Middle Ages as '''Buzanjird'''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bojnurd, Iran | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IR/30/Bojnurd.html }}</ref><ref>{{GEOnet3|-3056548}}</ref>}} or '''Bojnurd''' ({{langx|fa|بجنورد}}, {{IPA|fa|bod͡ʒˈnuːɹd|pron|fa-Bojnourd.ogg}}) is a city in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.<ref>{{cite web |first=Hassan |last=Habibi |author-link=Hassan Habibi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1369.6.21 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=12 September 1990 <!-- Converted 'Approval date' using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa: تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوی استان خراسان به مرکزیت شهر مشهد |trans-title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad |url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024415/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران}} [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت}} [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|84902ت125ک}} [84902T125K].}}</ref> It is about {{convert|701|km|abbr=on}} from Tehran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tehran.com|title=Tehran}}</ref> and {{convert|242|km|mi}} from Mashhad, the capital of Razavi Khorasan province.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance from Bojnurd to Mashhad |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-bojnurd-to-mashhad |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.distancecalculator.net}}</ref>
== History == According to local tradition, the whole area was controlled by the Qarai Turks since the Mongol invasion in the 13th century.<ref name=":0" />
Bojnurd is of recent origin and possibly built by the Safavids for the Kurdish Şadiyan tribe who had been settled there to strengthen the Safavid borders against hostile Turkmens. Traditionally, the city was surrounded by a defensive wall and consisted of eleven quarters, bazaars and four mosques.<ref name=":0" />
In 1849, the city saw a revolt which destroyed the city. When traveller G. C. Napier visited the city in 1876, it was noted that the chief of Bojnurd was a Kurd who governed the city without taxation in exchange for military support to the central government in Tehran.<ref name=":0" />
Severe earthquakes in 1896 and 1929 destroyed the city and its surroundings. The city would consequently be rebuilt without historical or recent fortifications in a modern manner.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Ehlers|first=Eckart|last2=Bosworth|first2=C. E.|date=1989|title=BOJNŪRD|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bojnurd-a-town-and-district-in-khorasan|journal=Encyclopedia Iranica|volume=IV}}</ref> In 1997, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake caused significant damage and many fatalities in the city.<ref name="rw">{{cite news |title=Earthquake Toll Rises in Iran as Aftershocks Hit |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iran-islamic-republic/earthquake-toll-rises-iran-aftershocks-hit |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Reuters |publisher=ReliefWeb |date=5 February 1997 |location=Tehran, Iran}}</ref>
==Demographics== ===Population=== {{Historical populations |title = Population history |align =right |clear = |direction = |percentages = |state = |type = |shading = |width = |subbox = |pop_name = |year_name = |percent_name = |footnote = |source = <ref name="population history">{{cite web |title=Cities with a population of 100,000 and more (1956-2006 census) |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/13-cities-with-a-population-of-100-000-and-more-1335-1385-1956-2006-census-1.xlsx |website=irandataportal.syr.edu |publisher=Iran data portal |access-date=1 June 2025 |page=1 |format=XLS}}</ref> |graph-pos = |graph-width = |graph-height = |percol = |cols = |perrow = |rows = |1956 |19,253 |1966 |31,248 |1976 |47,719 |1986 |93,392 |1991 |112,426 |1996 |134,835 |2006 |172,772<ref name="2006 North Khorasan Province"/> |2011 |199,791<ref name="2011 North Khorasan Province"/> |2016 |228,931<ref name="2016 North Khorasan Province"/> }} At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 172,772 in 44,217 households.<ref name="2006 North Khorasan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان خراسان شمالی |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2006: North Khorasan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/28.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084106/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/28.xls |archive-date=20 September 2011 |format=Excel |access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 199,791 people in 56,761 households.<ref name="2011 North Khorasan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان خراسان شمالی |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2011: North Khorasan Province |language=fa |website=Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/North-Khorasan.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119210728/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/North-Khorasan.xls |archive-date=19 January 2023 |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 228,931 people in 67,335 households.<ref name="2016 North Khorasan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان خراسان شمالی |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2016: North Khorasan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_28.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027174651/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_28.xlsx |archive-date=27 October 2020 |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref>
== Geography == Bojnourd city, the capital of North Khorasan province with an area of 36 square kilometers, is located in northeastern Iran at 57 degrees and 20 minutes longitude and 37 degrees and 28 minutes latitude south of Kopedagh mountain range and east of Aladagh mountain range and north of Alborz mountain range. Bojnourd is 1070 meters above sea level and its distance to Tehran is 821 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bojnord |url=https://www.visitiran.ir/destination/bojnord |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=www.visitiran.ir |language=en}}</ref>
===Climate=== Bojnord has a cold semi-arid climate (''BSk'') according to the Köppen climate classification.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-22 |title=Köppen Climate Classification: How to Use the Other Plant Map |url=https://www.lawnstarter.com/blog/landscaping/koppen-climate-classification-map/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Lawnstarter |language=en-US}}</ref> {{Weather box |width = auto |location = Bojnurd (1991–2020){{efn-lr| Rainy days calculated using parameter codes 46 and 71}} |metric first = Y |single line = Y | Jan record high C =19.2 | Feb record high C =27.2 | Mar record high C =30.8 | Apr record high C =34.4 | May record high C =37.4 | Jun record high C =40.0 | Jul record high C =41.2 | Aug record high C =40.6 | Sep record high C =39.0 | Oct record high C =33.6 | Nov record high C =27.8 | Dec record high C =25.0 | year record high C = |Jan high C = 6.9 |Feb high C = 8.7 |Mar high C = 13.9 |Apr high C = 19.9 |May high C = 24.9 |Jun high C = 30.3 |Jul high C = 32.8 |Aug high C = 32.1 |Sep high C = 28.2 |Oct high C = 21.8 |Nov high C = 13.9 |Dec high C = 8.8 |Jan mean C = 0.9 |Feb mean C = 2.4 |Mar mean C = 7.0 |Apr mean C = 12.6 |May mean C = 17.8 |Jun mean C = 22.9 |Jul mean C = 25.4 |Aug mean C = 24.4 |Sep mean C = 20.2 |Oct mean C = 13.8 |Nov mean C = 7.0 |Dec mean C = 2.7 |Jan low C = -3.7 |Feb low C = -2.4 |Mar low C = 1.7 |Apr low C = 6.6 |May low C = 11.2 |Jun low C = 15.5 |Jul low C = 18.2 |Aug low C = 16.7 |Sep low C = 12.8 |Oct low C = 6.9 |Nov low C = 1.8 |Dec low C = -1.9 | Jan record low C =-19.0 | Feb record low C =-21.0 | Mar record low C =-13.6 | Apr record low C =-5.4 | May record low C =-0.2 | Jun record low C =4.0 | Jul record low C =10.0 | Aug record low C =5.4 | Sep record low C =1.6 | Oct record low C =-5.0 | Nov record low C =-14.4 | Dec record low C =-18.1 | year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation mm = 22.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 31.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 45.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 38.7 |May precipitation mm = 30.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 10.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 6.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 4.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 7.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 12.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 25.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 19.2 |Jan precipitation days = 5.4 |Feb precipitation days = 6.3 |Mar precipitation days = 7.4 |Apr precipitation days = 6.1 |May precipitation days = 4.9 |Jun precipitation days = 1.9 |Jul precipitation days = 1.1 |Aug precipitation days = 0.7 |Sep precipitation days = 1 |Oct precipitation days = 2.8 |Nov precipitation days = 4.5 |Dec precipitation days = 4.5 | Jan rain days =4 | Feb rain days =5.5 | Mar rain days =9.2 | Apr rain days =9.6 | May rain days =7.9 | Jun rain days =2.9 | Jul rain days =2.1 | Aug rain days =1.1 | Sep rain days =1.9 | Oct rain days =4.5 | Nov rain days =7.4 | Dec rain days =5.9 | year rain days = | Jan snow days =7.2 | Feb snow days =7.5 | Mar snow days =4.7 | Apr snow days =0.6 | May snow days =0 | Jun snow days =0 | Jul snow days =0 | Aug snow days =0 | Sep snow days =0 | Oct snow days =0 | Nov snow days =1.2 | Dec snow days =4.1 | year snow days =
| Jan humidity =72 | Feb humidity =71 | Mar humidity =68 | Apr humidity =64 | May humidity =58 | Jun humidity =47 | Jul humidity =45 | Aug humidity =42 | Sep humidity =48 | Oct humidity =57 | Nov humidity =69 | Dec humidity =73 | year humidity =59.5 | Jan dew point C =-4.1 | Feb dew point C =-3.0 | Mar dew point C =0.5 | Apr dew point C =4.9 | May dew point C =8.1 | Jun dew point C =9.1 | Jul dew point C =11.0 | Aug dew point C =8.8 | Sep dew point C =7.2 | Oct dew point C =4.0 | Nov dew point C =0.8 | Dec dew point C =-2.3
| Jan sun =152 | Feb sun =152 | Mar sun =174 | Apr sun =211 | May sun =272 | Jun sun =325 | Jul sun =342 | Aug sun =342 | Sep sun =289 | Oct sun =248 | Nov sun =175 | Dec sun =144 | year sun =
|source = NOAA<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Bojnurd_40723.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Bojnurd-40723 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration |no-pp=y |type=Excel |format=CSV}}</ref> (Snow and Sleet days 1981–2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-II/Iran/WMO_Normals_Excel_IRAN_060719.xls |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Bojnurd(WMO number: 40723) |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration |type=Excel |format=XLS |quote=Parameter Code 80: Number of Days with Sleet/Snow}}</ref> }} {{Weather box |width = auto |collapsed =Y |location = Bojnurd (1977–2010) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 6.2 |Feb high C = 7.8 |Mar high C = 13.0 |Apr high C = 19.8 |May high C = 24.3 |Jun high C = 29.8 |Jul high C = 32.5 |Aug high C = 31.9 |Sep high C = 28.2 |Oct high C = 21.4 |Nov high C = 14.3 |Dec high C = 8.6 |Jan mean C = 1.2 |Feb mean C = 2.6 |Mar mean C = 7.2 |Apr mean C = 13.3 |May mean C = 17.6 |Jun mean C = 22.5 |Jul mean C = 25.2 |Aug mean C = 24.3 |Sep mean C = 20.3 |Oct mean C = 14.1 |Nov mean C = 8.3 |Dec mean C = 3.6 |Jan low C = -3.7 |Feb low C = -2.6 |Mar low C = 1.4 |Apr low C = 6.7 |May low C = 10.9 |Jun low C = 15.2 |Jul low C = 17.9 |Aug low C = 16.6 |Sep low C = 12.5 |Oct low C = 6.9 |Nov low C = 2.2 |Dec low C = -1.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 25.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 32.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 42.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 39.1 |May precipitation mm = 33.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 9.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 8.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 5.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 9.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 12.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 26.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 24.3 |Jan precipitation days = 10.6 |Feb precipitation days = 11.4 |Mar precipitation days = 12.4 |Apr precipitation days = 10.8 |May precipitation days = 9.8 |Jun precipitation days = 3.8 |Jul precipitation days = 2.4 |Aug precipitation days = 1.9 |Sep precipitation days = 2.8 |Oct precipitation days = 5.3 |Nov precipitation days = 8.1 |Dec precipitation days = 9.9 |Jan humidity = 72 |Feb humidity = 71 |Mar humidity = 68 |Apr humidity = 63 |May humidity = 58 |Jun humidity = 48 |Jul humidity = 46 |Aug humidity = 43 |Sep humidity = 48 |Oct humidity = 57 |Nov humidity = 67 |Dec humidity = 72 |Jan sun = 144.4 |Feb sun = 148.6 |Mar sun = 164.7 |Apr sun = 206.8 |May sun = 267.1 |Jun sun = 309.0 |Jul sun = 328.5 |Aug sun = 331.3 |Sep sun = 281.1 |Oct sun = 243.2 |Nov sun = 178.1 |Dec sun = 142.3 |source 1 =[http://worldweather.wmo.int/114/c01446.htm World Meteorological Organisation] |source 2 =[https://irimo.ir] }} {{notelist-lr}}
== Colleges and universities == Universities located in Bojnord include:<ref>{{cite web | title=دانستنیهایی از استان خراسان شمالی | url=http://www.irandeserts.com/content/درگاه_کویر/شهرها_و_روستاها/شهرهای_مناطق_کویری_و_بیابانی/استانهای_خراسان_شمالی،_جنوبی_و_رضوی/مطالب_مرتبط_با_استان_خراسان/دانستنیهایی_از_استان_خراسان_شمالی.htm }}</ref> * University of Bojnurd * North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences *Islamic Azad University of Bojnurd * [http://www.eshragh.ac.ir/ Eshragh Institute of Higher Education (Bojnurd, North Khorasan)] * [http://bojnurd.pnu.ac.ir/ Payam Noor University of Bojnurd] * University of Kosar
==Notable people== [[File:Official Portrait of Teymourtash.jpg|thumb|Abdolhossein Teymourtash (Sardar Moazzam Khorasani), a distinguished and influential Iranian politician of the 20th century (Pahlavi dynasty), was born in Bojnord|232x232px]]
* Abdolhossein Teymourtash (Sardar Moazzam Khorasani), a distinguished and influential politician of the 20th century (Pahlavi dynasty) * Ali-Akbar Davar, politician and judge and the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran * Kazem Mousavi Bojnurdi, historian, theologian, writer and the curator of the National Library of Iran (1997–2005) * Mohammad Davari, journalist, known for arrest in 2009–10 Iranian election protests * Mostafa Tabrizi, politician {| |alt=Bojnord sky|center|thumb|363x363px|The city of Bojnord |alt=bojnord fall|left|thumb|288x288px|Bojnord in fall |alt=A rainy spring day in Bojnord|center|thumb|318x318px|A rainy spring day in Bojnord |}
==See also== {{commons category-inline|Bojnord }}
{{clear}}
== Notes == {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
== External links == {{EB1911 poster|Bujnūrd}}
{{Authority control}}
{{North Khorasan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Bojnord County|state=collapsed}}
{{Provincial capitals of Iran}}
Category:Cities in North Khorasan province
Category:Iranian provincial capitals
Category:Populated places in Bojnord County
Category:Kurdish settlements in Iran