{{Short description|Species of orchid}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Rein orchids | image = Habenaria marginata (Golden Yellow Habenaria) W IMG_1983.jpg | image_caption = ''Habenaria marginata'' | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Habenaria | authority = Willd.<ref name="PoWO">{{cite web |title=''Habenaria'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325751-2#synonyms |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=20 October 2025}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = Over 800, see List of ''Habenaria'' species |synonyms = {{Collapsible list | *''Ala'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Alinorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Aopla'' <small>Lindl.</small> *''Arachnaria'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Ate'' <small>Lindl.</small> *''Bertauxia'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Bilabrella'' <small>Lindl.</small> *''Centrochilus'' <small>Schauer</small> *''Ceratopetalorchis'' <small>Szlach., Górniak & Tukallo</small> *''Diplectraden'' <small>Raf.</small> *''Dissorhynchium'' <small>Schauer</small> *''Fimbrorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Habenella'' <small>Small</small> *''Habenorkis'' <small>Thouars</small> *''Itaculumia'' <small>Hoehne</small> *''Kraenzlinorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Kryptostoma'' <small>(Summerh.) Geerinck</small> *''Kusibabella'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Macrocentrum'' <small>Phil.</small> *''Macrura'' <small>(Kraenzl.) Szlach. & Sawicka</small> *''Medusorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Mesicera'' <small>Raf.</small> *''Mirandorchis'' <small>Szlach. & Kras-Lap.</small> *''Montolivaea'' <small>Rchb.f.</small> *''Nemuranthes'' <small>Raf.</small> *''Ochyrorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Odisha'' <small>S.Misra</small> *''Plantaginorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Platantheroides'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Platycorynoides'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Plectoglossa'' <small>(Hook.f.) K.Prasad & Venu</small> *''Podandria'' <small>Rolfe</small> *''Podandriella'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Pseudocoeloglossum'' <small>(Szlach. & Olszewski) Szlach.</small> *''Pseudohemipilia'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Pseudoperistylus'' <small>(P.F.Hunt) Szlach. & Olszewski</small> *''Renzorchis'' <small>Szlach. & Olszewski</small> *''Rhinorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Schlechterorchis'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Senghasiella'' <small>Szlach.</small> *''Smithanthe'' <small>Szlach. & Marg.</small> *''Synmeria'' <small>Nimmo</small> *''Trachypetalum'' <small>Szlach. & Sawicka</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="PoWO" /> }} }}
'''''Habenaria''''', commonly called '''rein orchids'''<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages =340–345}}</ref> or '''bog orchids''',<ref name="UniProt">{{cite web |title=Taxonomy - ''Habenaria'' |url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/38204 |publisher=UniProt |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> is a widely distributed genus of orchids in the tribe Orchideae. About 880 species of ''Habenaria'' have been formally described. They are native to every continent except Antarctica, growing in both tropical and subtropical zones.<ref name="PoWO" />
==Description== Plants in the genus ''Habenaria'' are mainly terrestrial plants with fleshy tubers and upright, tall, thin or fleshy stems. The leaves are either arranged in a rosette at the base of the plants or scattered up the stem. The flowers are resupinate, usually small, white, green or yellowish and arranged along a tall flowering stem. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap to form a hood over the column. The labellum has a spur and usually three lobes which may be short or long and threadlike. The distinguishing feature of the genus is the presence of two club-shaped projections on the stigma.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="PBS">{{cite web |title=''Habenaria'' |url=https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Habenaria |publisher=Pacific Bulb Society |access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="NAOCC">{{cite web |title=Genus: ''Habenaria'' |url=https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/genus/habenaria/ |publisher=North American Orchid Conservation Center |access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref>
==Taxonomy and naming== The genus ''Habenaria'' was first formally described in 1805 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow and the description was published in ''Species Plantarum''.<ref name="PoWO" /><ref name="Species">{{cite book |last1=Willdenow |first1=Carl L. |title=Species Plantarum |date=1805 |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |location=Stockholm |pages=5, 44 |edition=5th |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84243#page/48/mode/1up |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> The generic name is derived from the Latin word ''habena'' meaning "thong", "strap" or "rein".<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|author-link1=Roland W. Brown|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=761}}</ref> [[Image:Habenaria roxburghii syn H platyphylla in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8591.jpg|225px|thumb|''Habenaria roxburghii'' flowers in Talakona, India]]
==See also== * List of ''Habenaria'' species
==Distribution and habitat== Rein orchids are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and with centres of diversity in Africa and Brazil. Seventeen species are known in Australia.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="PBS" />
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * {{Commons-inline|italic=1}} * {{AfricanPlants|Habenaria}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q133724}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Habenaria Category:Orchideae genera