{{Short description|Braille alphabet of Spanish and Galician}} {{Infobox writing system | name = Spanish Braille | altname = ⠨⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑ ⠑⠎⠏⠁⠻⠕⠇ | type = Alphabet | typedesc = | time = | languages = Spanish, Galician | fam1 = Braille | fam2 = French Braille | print = Spanish alphabet | sisters = Portuguese Braille | children = Guarani Braille | creator = | sample = | imagesize = | note = none }} {{Spanish language}}
'''Spanish Braille''' is the braille alphabet of Spanish and Galician. It is very close to French Braille, with the addition of a letter for ''ñ'', slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation. Further conventions have been unified by the Latin American Blind Union, but differences with Spain{{cn|date=August 2023}} remain.
==Alphabet== The French Braille letters for vowels with a grave accent, ''à è ù,'' are used in Spanish Braille for vowels with an acute accent, ''á é ú''. In addition, French {{bc|ï}} ''ï'' is reassigned to Spanish ''ñ''. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are:
:{| class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2" |- align=center |{{Braille cell|type=image|a}} <br /> a |{{Braille cell|type=image|b}} <br /> b |{{Braille cell|type=image|c}} <br /> c |{{Braille cell|type=image|d}} <br /> d |{{Braille cell|type=image|e}} <br /> e |{{Braille cell|type=image|f}} <br /> f |{{Braille cell|type=image|g}} <br /> g |{{Braille cell|type=image|h}} <br /> h |{{Braille cell|type=image|i}} <br /> i |{{Braille cell|type=image|j}} <br /> j |{{Braille cell|type=image|k}} <br /> k |- align=center |{{Braille cell|type=image|l}} <br /> l |{{Braille cell|type=image|m}} <br /> m |{{Braille cell|type=image|n}} <br /> n |{{Braille cell|type=image|o}} <br /> o |{{Braille cell|type=image|p}} <br /> p |{{Braille cell|type=image|q}} <br /> q |{{Braille cell|type=image|r}} <br /> r |{{Braille cell|type=image|s}} <br /> s |{{Braille cell|type=image|t}} <br /> t |{{Braille cell|type=image|u}} <br /> u |{{Braille cell|type=image|v}} <br /> v |- align=center |{{Braille cell|type=image|x}} <br /> x |{{Braille cell|type=image|y}} <br /> y |{{Braille cell|type=image|z}} <br /> z |{{Braille cell|type=image|⠷}} <br /> á |{{Braille cell|type=image|⠮}} <br /> é |{{Braille cell|type=image|⠾}} <br /> ú |{{Braille cell|type=image|⠻}} <br /> ñ |{{Braille cell|type=image|⠳}} <br /> ü |{{Braille cell|type=image|w}} <br /> w |{{Braille cell|type=image|34}} <br /> í |{{Braille cell|type=image|346}} <br /> ó |}
At one point, French {{bc|w}} ''w'' was apparently used for Spanish ''ü'', reflecting its pronunciation, and French {{bc|ô}} ''ô'' (a rotated ''v'') for Spanish ''w'', which is only found in foreign words.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Braille Alphabet Postcard | url=http://www.zazzle.com/rlv/isapi/designall.dll?action=realview&pdt=zazzle_postcard&pending=false&pid=239875665678761477&rvtype=product&view=front&max_dim=1000&bg=dddddd&square_it=true&draw_relative_size=true&type=standard_postcard&front=front_horz&back=back_horz&drawareaboundingbox=false&drawsafearea=false | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807100904/http://www.zazzle.com/rlv/isapi/designall.dll?action=realview&pdt=zazzle_postcard&pending=false&pid=239875665678761477&rvtype=product&view=front&max_dim=1000&bg=dddddd&square_it=true&draw_relative_size=true&type=standard_postcard&front=front_horz&back=back_horz&drawareaboundingbox=false&drawsafearea=false | archive-date=2020-08-07}}</ref>
==Digits== Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and are marked by {{bc|#}}, as in English Braille.
==Punctuation==
Single punctuation: {| class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2" |- align=center |{{Braille cell|type=image|2}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|3}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|3}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|23}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|25}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|35}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|36}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|36|36}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|6|2}} |- align=center | , | .<ref>The ellipsis {{angle bracket|...}} is thus {{bc|3|3|3}}.</ref> | ' | ; | : | * | - | — | / |}
(The same character is used for a full stop and for an apostrophe, as in Portuguese Braille. Spanish does not use the apostrophe in standard writing, and in Portuguese it is only present in a few fixed phrases.)
Paired punctuation: {| class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2" |- align=center |{{Braille cell|type=image|26}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|26}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|235}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|235}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|236}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|236}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|6|236}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|6|236}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|126}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|345}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|12356}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|23456}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|5|123}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|456|2}} |- align=center | ¿ ... ? | ¡ ... ! | <small>(outer quotes)</small><ref name="quote" /> | <small>(inner quotes)</small><ref name=quote>In Spain, these correspond to "..." and '...', in Latin America the opposite.</ref> | ( ... ) | [ ... ] | { ... } |}
==Formatting==
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height: 1.2" |- align=center |{{Braille cell|type=image|#}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|46}} |{{Braille cell|type=image|35}}...{{Braille cell|type=image|35}} |- align=center | <small>(digit)</small> | <small>(caps)</small> | <small>(start & stop emph.)</small> |}
'Emphasis' may be bold or italic in print.
See Portuguese Braille for a more complete account, much of which is likely to apply to Spanish Braille.
==Other languages== {{anchor|Galician}}{{anchor|Basque}} The full Spanish Braille alphabet is used for Galician as well. The letter {{bc|12456}} for ''ñ'' is shared with Basque Braille (which has no additional letters) and with Guarani Braille (which does). It is not, however, used for the languages of the Philippines, which instead use an accent dot of English Braille with ''n'', {{bc|4|n}}, for ''ñ''. (See basic braille.)
Punctuation for Galician and Basque Braille is the same as that of Spanish Braille.
==References== {{reflist}} *UNESCO (2013) [https://www.pharmabraille.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/World-Braille-Usage-Third-Edition-1.pdf World Braille Usage], 3rd edition. *[http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=alfabetos/braille Proel] *[http://www.fbu.edu.uy/informacion/alfabeto/alfabeto.htm FBU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027035216/http://www.fbu.edu.uy/informacion/alfabeto/alfabeto.htm |date=2017-10-27 }} *[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000127626 1951 UNESCO report on standardizing Spanish and Portuguese Braille]
{{Braille}}
Category:French-ordered braille alphabets Category:Spanish language