Atrek

{{Short description|River in Iran and Turkmenistan}} {{Infobox river | name = Atrek | native_name = {{native name|fa|اَترک}} | name_other = Attrack | name_etymology = | nickname =  | image = Atrak Headstream.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Atrak Headstream | image_alt =  | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Iran | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map_alt =  | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 =  | length = 563km | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max =  | source1 = | source1_location = North-eastern Iran | source1_coordinates = {{coord|37|10|N|59|00|E|display=inline, title}}) | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates =  | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = 27,300 square kilometres | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} {{Contains special characters|Perso-Arabic}} The '''Atrek''' ({{langx|fa|اترک}}, {{langx|ku-Latn|Etrek}}, {{langx|tk|Etrek}}), also known as the '''Attrack''',<ref>"Atrek" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', {{nowrap|9th ed.}} 1878.</ref> '''Atrak''', and '''Etrek''', is a fast-moving river which begins in the mountains of north-eastern Iran ({{coord|37|10|N|59|00|E|}}) and flows {{convert|563|km|mi}} westward, draining into the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan. Because of the high use of its waters for irrigation, the Atrek only flows into the Caspian when it is in its flood stage.

==Geography== The Atrek is {{convert|669|km|mi}} long and drains a basin of {{convert|27300|km2|mi2}}.

==Politics== Beginning at {{coord|37|59|28|N|55|16|29|E|}}, where its tributary the Sumbar joins it, the river forms the border of Iran with Turkmenistan; this helped keep the area closed throughout the Cold War years. A 1957 treaty between Iran and the USSR assigns equal rights to 50% of the water of the frontier parts of the Atrek.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Russian - Iranian Treaty of August 11, 1957 |journal=Middle East Journal |date=1959 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=193–195 |jstor=4323108 }}</ref> The same treaty also applies to the Aras River, which now forms part of the border between Iran and Azerbaijan.

==Ecology== Even though sturgeons concentrate in the area of the Caspian Sea next to the Turkmen coast, they do not currently migrate into the Atrek River owing to its low water level and pollution. Since the Atrek is the only Caspian watershed river of the Turkmen coast, sturgeons no longer reproduce in Turkmenistan.<ref>[http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/turkmen/htmfiles/refish.htm Sturgeons in Turkmenistan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612055603/http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/turkmen/htmfiles/refish.htm |date=June 12, 2008 }}</ref>

== See also == *Chandyr River

==References== {{GSEncyclopedia}} {{reflist|2}}

Category:Rivers of North Khorasan Province Category:Rivers of Turkmenistan Category:International rivers of Asia Category:Iran–Turkmenistan border Category:Landforms of Golestan province Category:Border rivers Category:Landforms of North Khorasan province Category:Tributaries of the Caspian Sea