{{Infobox military person |name= Alessandro Guidoni |birth_date= {{birth date|1880|7|15}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1928|4|27 |1880|7|15}} |birth_place= Turin, Italy |death_place= Montecelio, Italy |burial_place= |burial_label= |image= Alessandro Guidoni.jpg |caption= |nickname= |allegiance= Italy |service_years= early 1900s–1928 |rank= General |branch= Italian Royal Army Military Aviation Corps<br/>Italian Royal Air Force |commands= |unit= |battles= Italo-Turkish War<br/>World War I |awards= Gold Medal for Aeronautic Valor |other_work= }}

'''Alessandro Guidoni''' (July 15, 1880 – April 27, 1928) served as a general in the ''Regia Aeronautica'' (Italian Royal Air Force). Guidonia Montecelio, the small town and ''comune'' where he died while testing a new parachute, was named after him in 1937.

==Life==

Guidoni was born in Turin, Italy, on 15 July 1880. He obtained his degree in engineering at the Turin Polytechnic in 1903 and in 1905, while serving in the Navy Engineering Corps, took his second degree in naval engineering. In 1909 he developed a keen interest in the newborn ''Corpo Aeronautico Militare'' ("Military Aviation Corps") of the ''Regio Esercito'' (Italian Royal Army), joining many aviation pioneers.

Guidoni served in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 as a pilot trainee, soon achieving a full certification and flying "hydroplanes" (seaplanes). He then started studying weaponry and developed a new gyroscope-guided bomb to be delivered by planes against distant targets. In 1912, as a captain, he experimented with the air-launching of torpedoes by dropping weights from a Farman biplane.<ref>Chant, p. 13.</ref> He also drew the plans of the seaplane carrier ''Europa'', which entered service with the ''Regia Marina'' (Italian Royal Navy) in 1915.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/italy.htm#euro |title=hazegray.org World Aircraft Carriers List: Italy |access-date=2012-03-03 |archive-date=2014-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225035544/http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/italy.htm#euro |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1920, Guidoni joined the Italian Embassy in London as military attaché with the rank of colonel. When the ''Corpo Aeronautico Militare'' separated from the army in 1923 to become an independent service, the ''Regia Aeronautica'', he became a member of the new service, and achieved the rank of general.

On the morning of 27 April 1928, being dissatisfied with its design, Guidoni tested personally a new model of parachute at the ''Regia Aeronautica'' airfield at Montecelio, Italy, and was fatally injured when it failed.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

==Commemoration and legacy==

left|250px|thumb|Monument to Guidoni at the Guidoni Military Airfield, north of Rome

Guidoni posthumously received the ''Medaglia d’Oro al Valore aeronautico'' ("Gold Medal for Aeronautic Valor").

The third Dornier Do X flying boat built, the X3, registered as I-ABBN, was named ''Alessandro Guidoni'' in Guidoni{{'}}s honor, and entered service in May, 1932. A private airline, ''Società Anonima di Navigazione Aerea'' (SANA) flew it initially; the ''Regia Aeronautica'' later operated it.

In the 1930s a town was built around the airfield at Montecelio to house military personnel. Benito Mussolini, the Italian ''Duce'', laid the town{{'}}s founding stone on 27 April 1935, the seventh anniversary of Guidoni{{'}}s death. In 1937, Montecelio and the surrounding ''comune'' were renamed Guidonia Montecelio in Guidoni{{'}}s honor.

Only a military airfield exists at Guidonia Montecelio today, but a memorial to Guidonia stands on the exact spot where he died in front of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Church.

Guidoni's passion for flight was celebrated publicly by General Ermanno Aloia of the ''Aeronautica Militare Italiana'' (Italian Air Force) celebrated Guidoni{{'}}s passion for flight 26 April 2006 with these words: “A perfect fusion of military engineer and scientist, General Guidoni (ITAF) represents more than anyone else in our country the passion of man to conquer space, reach other planets, and investigate stars.”

== Decorations ==

'''Gold Medal for Aeronautic Valor'''

==Notes== {{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* Alessandro Guidoni, Aviazione, idroaviazione : origine, storia, sviluppi, dagli albori alle traversate aeree dell'Atlantico : note, documenti, disegni, progetti, studi, esperienze ideate ed effettuate dall'eroico generale Alessandro Guidoni raccolte ordinate da Guido Mattioli, Roma, Pinciana, a. XIII dell'E.F. (1935/36) * Intervento del gen. Isp. Capo Ermanno Aloia alla cerimonia di commemorazione del gen. Guidoni del 26 aprile 2006 * [http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/SitoAM/Default.asp?idsez=726&idarg=1589&idente=177#Target Portale Aeronautica Militale Italiana] * [http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/italy.htm#euro hazegray.org World Aircraft Carriers List: Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225035544/http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/italy.htm#euro |date=2014-02-25 }} * Chant, Chris. ''The World{{'}}s Great Bombers''. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7607-2012-6}}.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guidoni, Alessandro}} Category:Italian aviators Category:Italian Air Force generals Category:Italian military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War Category:Italian military personnel of World War I Category:Military personnel from Turin Category:Parachuting deaths Category:1880 births Category:1928 deaths Category:Accidental deaths in Italy Category:Air attachés for Italy Category:Recipients of the Medal of Aeronautic Valor