Aleksey Chuyanov

{{Short description|Soviet politician (1905–1977)}} {{family name hatnote|Semenovich|Chuyanov|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Aleksey Chuyanov | native_name = Алексей Чуянов | image = Aleksey Chuyanov.jpg | caption = Chuyanov in 1942 during the Battle of Stalingrad | office = First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | term_start = 22 June 1938 | term_end = 6 December 1946 | predecessor = Pyotr Smorodin | successor = Vasily Prokhvatilov | birth_name = Aleksey Semenovich Chuyanov | birth_place = Temryuk, Kuban Oblast, Russian Empire | birth_date = 30 March 1905 | death_date = {{Death date and age|1977|2|20|1905|3|30| df=yes}} | death_place = Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | party = Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1925–1977) | citizenship = {{flagicon|USSR}} Soviet Union | awards = {{Order of Lenin}} {{Order of the October Revolution}} {{Order of the Red Banner of Labour}} {{Medal "For the Defence of Stalingrad"}} 40px }}

'''Aleksey Semenovich Chuyanov''' (Russian: Алексей Семёнович Чуянов; 30 March 1905 – 20 February 1977) was a Soviet politician who served as the First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1938 to 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Чуянов Алексей Семенович|url=https://stalingrad-battle.ru/history/people-time/4374/|access-date=2020-06-24|website=stalingrad-battle.ru}}</ref>

== Early life and education == Chuyanov was born on March 30, 1905, in the Temryuk in the Russian Empire. At the age of thirteen, he began working as a shepherd, farmer, and fisherman in Kuban.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Чуянов Алексей Семенович|url=http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_ch/chuyanov_as.html|access-date=2020-06-24|website=www.hrono.ru}}</ref> He graduated from the Moscow Chemical-Technological Institute of the Meat Industry in 1937, he also briefly worked as a mechanical engineer from 1934 to 1936.

== Political career == Chuyanov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1925 and worked as the head of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda, and the First Secretary of numerous district committees of the Komsomol until 1927. He continued to work in various positions from 1927 to 1929.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Алексеев|first=Михаил|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQFGAgAAQBAJ&q=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&pg=PT240|title=Мой Сталинград|date=2017-09-05|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-457-51372-3|language=ru}}</ref> [[File:RIAN_archive_882837_The_defenders_of_Stalingrad.jpg|left|thumb|251x251px|(From left to right) First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine Nikita Khrushchev, Major General Alexei Kirichenko, First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Aleksey Chuyanov, and Commander of the Stalingrad Front General Andrey Yeryomenko in Stalingrad on December 1, 1942]] From 1937 to 1938, he worked as the Instructor of the Department of Leading Party Workers of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He then served as the First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from June 22, 1938, to December 6, 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ЧУЯНОВ Алексей Семенович — информация на портале Энциклопедия Всемирная история|url=https://w.histrf.ru/articles/article/show/chuianov_alieksiei_siemienovich_1905_20_02_1977_ghgh|access-date=2020-06-24|website=w.histrf.ru}}</ref> Chuyanov's transfer to Stalingrad took place at the height of the Great Purge. He reviewed a list of supposed counter-revolutionaries who had been arrested by the local NKVD, concluded that there was a lack of evidence against them, and managed to obtain releases for all the victims. The local NKVD section tried to block this by contacting the Central Committee, but Georgy Malenkov decided to trust Chuyanov's decision.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thurston|first=Robert|title=Life and Terror in Stalin's Russia, 1934-1941|date=1996|publisher=Yale University Press|pages=111–112|isbn=978-0-300-07442-0}}</ref>

Chuyanov went on to serve as a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1939 to 1952 and a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1950. He also served as the Chairman of the Stalingrad City Defense Committee from 1941 to 1943 during the Great Patriotic War. He was a member of the Military Council of the Stalingrad Front, Don Front, and Southern Front from 1942 to 1943.

During the Battle of Stalingrad, Chuyanov dealt with of the rear, as well as the reorganization of production for the needs of the front. With his assistance, work was clearly organized for the production of T-34 tanks and other military equipment, the preparation and processing of agricultural products, as well as the work of enterprises for the repair of equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Сталинградский вождь Алексей Чуянов задаёт загадки|url=https://riac34.ru/news/100429/|access-date=2020-06-24|website=riac34.ru}}</ref> Under Chuyanov's leadership, the Stalingrad Regional Committee formed People's Militias, Workers' Self-Defense Units, and plans for how to evacuate citizens and valuable government items from Stalingrad.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Сульдин|first=Андрей|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KE7aDwAAQBAJ&q=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B&pg=PA19|title=Сталинградская битва. Полная хроника|date=2020-03-31|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-04-242938-5|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Побочный|first1=Владимир|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymyeBwAAQBAJ&q=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B&pg=PT50|title=Сталинградская битва (оборона) и битва за Кавказ. Часть 1|last2=Антонова|first2=Людмила|date=2017-09-05|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-457-74085-3|language=ru}}</ref>

After serving as the First Secretary of the Stalingrad Committee, Chuyanov began working as the Head of the Main Directorate for Industrial and Consumer Cooperation under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1955. From 1955 to 1960, he worked in the State Committee for Labor and Wages of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

On May 4, 1970, by the decision of the Volgograd City Council of Workers' Deputies, Chuyanov was awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd for "special merits shown in the defense of the city and the defeat of Nazi troops in the Battle of Stalingrad."<ref>{{Cite web|title=- Официальный сайт администрации Волгограда|url=http://www.volgadmin.ru/d/units/Error?aspxerrorpath=/d/RU2/City/Heroes.aspx|access-date=2020-06-24|website=www.volgadmin.ru}}</ref>

== Death == Aleksey Chuyanov died on February 20, 1977, in Moscow. He was buried at Mamayev Kurgan.

== Awards ==

* {{Flagicon|USSR}} Order of Lenin (February 1942)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Чуянов Алексей Семенович :: Память народа|url=https://pamyat-naroda.ru/heroes/podvig-chelovek_nagrazhdenie47021662/?backurl=/heroes/?last_name=%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&first_name=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9&middle_name=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&group=all&types=pamyat_commander:nagrady_nagrad_doc:nagrady_uchet_kartoteka:nagrady_ubilein_kartoteka:potery_doneseniya_o_poteryah:potery_gospitali:potery_utochenie_poter:potery_spiski_zahoroneniy:potery_voennoplen:potery_iskluchenie_iz_spiskov:potery_kartoteki:potery_vpp&page=1|access-date=2020-06-24|website=pamyat-naroda.ru}}</ref> * {{Flagicon|USSR}} Order of the October Revolution (March 28, 1975) * {{Flagicon|USSR}} Order of the Red Banner of Labour * {{Flagicon|USSR}} Medal "For the Defence of Stalingrad" * {{Flagicon|USSR}} Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" * {{Flagicon|USSR}} Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd (May 4, 1970)

== Gallery == <gallery> File:Надгробная плита Чуянова Алексея Семёновича.JPG|Chuyanov's tombstone File:Bunker Municipal Committee of Defense of Stalingrad 002.jpg|Memorial plaque of Aleksey Chuyanov on the Stalingrad GKO bunker </gallery>

== References == {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chuyanov, Aleksey}} Category:1905 births Category:1977 deaths Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin Category:Politicians from Volgograd Category:Battle of Stalingrad Category:Soviet politicians Category:Candidates of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)