{{Short description|French Antillean music genre}} {{Other uses|Zouk (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}} {{Infobox music genre | name = Zouk | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Cadence rampa|compas|cadence-lypso|bélé|biguine|gwo ka}} | cultural_origins = Early 1980s, French Antilles (<small>esp.</small> Guadeloupe and Martinique) | instruments = {{hlist|Gwo ka|tibwa||shak shak|brass|synthesizer|guitar|bass guitar|drum machine}} | derivatives = Zouk-love, Kizomba | fusiongenres = | regional_scenes = {{hlist|French West Indies|Dominica|Haiti|Central Africa|Brazil|Colombia|France}} }} {{Music of Martinique}}
'''Zouk''' is a musical movement and dance pioneered by the French Antillean band Kassav' in the early 1980s. It was originally characterized by a fast tempo (120–145 bpm), a percussion-driven rhythm, and a loud horn section.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Torres |first1=George |title=Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music |date=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-08794-3 |page=453 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MX5BXxjwV9cC&pg=PA453}}</ref> Musicians from Martinique and Guadeloupe eventually added MIDI instrumentation to their compas style, which developed into a genre called zouk-love.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Occo |first1=Jean-Claude |title=The Codification of Zouk |date=2019 |isbn=978-2-9567965-2-7 |page=10 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P729DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellingham |first1=Mark |title=The Rough Guide to World Music |date=1999 |isbn=978-1-85828-636-5 |page=299 |publisher=Rough Guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzX8THIgRjUC&pg=PA299}}</ref> Zouk-love is effectively the French Lesser Antilles' compas,<ref name="pm 74">Popular Musics of the Non Western World. Peter Manuel, New York Oxford University Press, 1988, p74</ref> and it gradually became indistinguishable from compas.<ref name="pm 74" />
==Zouk béton== The original fast carnival style of zouk, best represented by the band Kassav', became known as "zouk béton", "zouk chiré", or "zouk hard".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guilbault |first1=Jocelyne |last2=Averill |first2=Gage |last3=Benoit |first3=Edouard |last4=Rabess |first4=Gregory |title=Zouk: World Music in the West Indies |date=1993 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31042-8 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Se0ozsSexmEC&pg=PR12}}</ref> Zouk béton is considered a synthesis of various French Antillean dance music styles of the 20th century, including kadans, konpa, and biguine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Manuel |first1=Peter |last2=Bilby |first2=Kenneth |last3=Largey |first3=Michael |title=Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae |date=2012 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-59213-464-9 |page=173 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7NIe_I298MC&pg=PA173}}</ref>
==See also== * Brazilian Zouk * Music of Latin America * Music of Martinique * Music of Guadeloupe * Music of France
==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:Zouk Category:Caribbean music genres Category:Music of Martinique Category:Music of Guadeloupe Category:Music of Haiti Category:Music of Dominica Category:Music of the Lesser Antilles