Business day

{{Short description|Official working days within the week}} {{About|the working day|other uses|Business Day (disambiguation){{!}}Business Day}} {{Redirect|Working day|work days|Workweek and weekend}} {{Distinguish|Labor Day}}

A '''business day''' normally means any day except a legal holiday. It may also mean a '''business day of operation''', any of the days an organization operates.<ref name=ATF/> It depends on the local workweek which is dictated by local customs, religions, and business operations. It is related to ''working time'', the period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor.

Alternatively, a business day may also be defined any day except those on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Garner |editor1-first=Bryan A. |title=Black's law dictionary |date=2009 |publisher=West |location=St. Paul, MN |isbn=978-0314199492 |page=454 |edition=9th}} (Defining "business day" as "A day that most institutions are open for business, usu. a day on which banks and major stock exchanges are open, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and certain major holidays.")</ref>

== Working time == The working time in a business day varies by region. For example, in the United States and much of the Western world, a typical business day is from 9{{nbsp}}am to 5{{nbsp}}pm. In contrast, for many eastern countries such as Japan, the normal business day is from 8:30{{nbsp}}am to 7{{nbsp}}pm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What an average work day looks like in 18 countries around the world|url=https://www.insider.com/office-work-day-around-the-world-2018-5|last=Ryerson|first=Lia|date=2018-05-15|website=Insider|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>

The length of a business day varies by era, by region, by industry, and by company. Prevalent norms have included the 8-hour day and the 10-hour day, but various lengths, from 4 to 16 hours, have been normal in certain times and places.

== United States == In the United States, a business day is distinct from weekdays, weekends, and the standard workweek. A business day means all calendar days except the federal legal holidays listed in {{United States Code clause|5|6103|(a)}} unless otherwise defined.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-28 |title=How long do I have to rescind? When does the right of rescission start? |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/how-long-do-i-have-to-rescind-when-does-the-right-of-rescission-start-en-187/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en}}</ref>

At times, government agencies and businesses may define business days as "day in which offices are open" separate from the basic legal definition.<ref name=ATF>{{Cite web |title=What does a "business day" mean for the NICS requirements? {{!}} Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |url=https://www.atf.gov/firearms/qa/what-does-%E2%80%9Cbusiness-day-mean-nics-requirements |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.atf.gov}}</ref> For example, in the state of Georgia for purposes of consumer protection, the state clarifies that a business day, unless otherwise defined, corresponds to "business days of operation", meaning that a business open daily would be considered to have seven business days a week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statutory Meaning of Seven Business Days {{!}} Georgia Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division |url=https://consumer.georgia.gov/statutory-meaning-seven-business-days |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429061301/https://consumer.georgia.gov/statutory-meaning-seven-business-days |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=consumer.georgia.gov |language=en}}</ref> For purposes of lending, the business week is six days from Monday to Saturday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DFI Home Equity Scams |url=https://dfi.wi.gov/Pages/ConsumerServices/WisconsinConsumerAct/HomeEquityScams.aspx |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=dfi.wi.gov}}</ref>

Similarly, the United States Postal Service (USPS) delivers mail on Saturdays. Saturdays are included when counting business days to determine the arrival date of a package in shipping estimates. If USPS receives a parcel on a Thursday that will be delivered in "two business days", it will arrive on the following Saturday if neither Friday nor Saturday are holidays.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Does USPS Deliver on Saturday? {{!}} USPS Saturday Delivery Explained |url=https://www.shipsaving.com/blog/does-usps-deliver-on-saturday |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.shipsaving.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Duryee |first=Tricia |date=July 16, 2014 |title=Amazon Sunday delivery: Key facts to know as USPS rolls out service nationally |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2014/amazon-getting-packages-sunday-via-u-s-postal-service/}}</ref>

In finance, business days are defined by "business day conventions", which determines how payments are settled on contracts such as interest rate swaps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modified following business day convention |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/glossary/m/modified-following-businessday-convention}}</ref>

==German-speaking countries== In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, two German words of somewhat different meaning are used to describe business or working days. One is ''Werktag'', a legal term applied to all calendar days except Sundays and public holidays;<ref>{{cite web |title=Mindesturlaubsgesetz für Arbeitnehmer |url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/burlg/__3.html |access-date=7 June 2015 |publisher=Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Populäre Rechtsirrtümer in der Schweiz |url=http://www.selezione.ch/rechtsirrtuemer.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511044757/http://www.selezione.ch/rechtsirrtuemer.htm |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=7 June 2015 |publisher=Die Selezione |language=de}}</ref> it includes most Saturdays. ''Werktage'' are days on which businesses such as retail shops and institutions such as schools are generally allowed to operate (see also {{lang|de|Ladenschlussgesetz}}). In contrast, ''Arbeitstag'' refers to a day on which someone actually works. For most employees, these are Monday to Friday. However, for example, a firefighter might have an ''Arbeitstag'' on Sunday even though it is legally not a ''Werktag''.

==Shifts and trends== {{More citations needed|section|date=December 2015}}

The introduction of flex time introduces the internet as a more easily globalized and offshored workforce. The notion of a business day has come under a certain degree of challenge. Information-based companies with a limited dependence on physical goods have less of a need to distinguish a weekend day from a weekday. Indeed, to many, there is no difference at all. These companies construe a business day to be any day on which they provide service.

Some businesses conduct business transactions and operations on a 24/7 basis due to the nature of the field. Such businesses include hotels, hospitals, police and fire departments, gas stations, and airports.

With the introduction of flex time, the significance of the traditional business day is declining. Although the 8-hour work day still remains as a standard for many industries, this trend is expected to decline further during the coming years.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Working time