{{short description|Armed conflict between the Banate of Bosnia and the Kingdom of Serbia (1326–1329)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = War of Hum | image = Bosnian Expansion under Stephen II Kotromanič.jpg | caption = Expansion of Bosnian Banate during Stephen II reign | date = 1326—1329 | place = Zahumlje | territory = Bosnia captures Zahumlje | result = Bosnian victory | combatant1 = Banate of Bosnia<br>Republic of Ragusa | combatant2 = Kingdom of Serbia | commander1 = Stephen II Kotromanić | commander2 = Stefan Dečanski<br>Stefan Dušan | strength1 = | strength2 = | casualties1 = unknown | casualties2 = unknown | notes = }} The '''War of Hum''' was fought in 1326–1329 between the Banate of Bosnia under Stjepan II Kotromanić and the Kingdom of Serbia under Stefan Dečanski Nemanjić.
==Background== Branivoje who served King Stefan Milutin Nemanjić (r. 1282–1321) was given to rule over the city of Ston and Pelješac peninsula. His family had by 1325 emerged as the strongest in Zahumlje (or Hum).<ref name="Fine 266">{{harvnb|Fine|1994|pp=266–7}}</ref> Probably at their highest point they ruled from Cetina river to the town of Kotor.<ref name="Fine 266"/> Though nominal vassals of Serbia, the Branivojević family attacked Serbian interests and other local nobles of Hum, who in 1326 turned against Serbia and the Branivojevići.<ref name="Fine 266"/> The Hum nobility approached Stjepan Kotromanić II, the ban of Bosnia, who then entered conflict with Serbia.<ref name="Fine 266"/>
==History== {{unreferenced section|date=November 2015}} In 1326, Ban Stephen II attacked Serbia in a military alliance with the Republic of Ragusa and conquered Zahumlje, gaining access to the Adriatic Sea and including a large Eastern Orthodox Christian population and the Eastern Orthodox Church. This changed the balance of religion in Bosnia, as the Bosnian ''Krstjani'', as the adherents of the Bosnian Church called themselves, had lost its majority in the realm. He also expanded into Završje, including the fields of Glamoč, Duvanj and Livanj. The province of Zahumlje was ruled by the local noble family of Branivojevićs who had tricked Stefan Dečanski's vassal Prince, Crep, who was a close friend, so King Stefan had no desire to defend those areas from Ban Stephen's forces.
Bosnia controlled the territory from the border with Ragusa in Dubrovačka Rijeka along the coast to Neretva, and further to Omiš. Ban Stephen II killed two members of the Branivojević, while Branko Branivojević fled to Serbia and sought help from King Stefan and then headed to Ragusa, from where he proceeded to Ston. Ban Stephen pursued Branko, but eventually the Ragusan forces caught the last of the four Branivojević brothers.
The Bosnian titles included ''Lord of the Hum Land'' ever after. Ban Stephen became the ruler of all the lands from Cetina to Neretva with the exception of Omiš, which was taken by the Hungarians.
In 1329, Ban Stephen II of Kotromanić pushed another military attempt into Serbia with limited success, assaulting Lord Vitomir of Trebinje and Konavli, but the main portion of his force was defeated by the Young King Stefan Dušan who commanded the forces of King Stefan of Dečani at Pribojska Banja. The Ban's horse was killed in the battle, and he would have lost his life if his vassal and retainer, Vuk Vukoslavić, had not given him his own horse. By doing so, Vuk sacrificed his own life, and was killed in open battle. Thus, the Ban's campaign was partially successful, as he managed to add Nevesinje and parts of ''župa'' Zagorje (area between rivers of Upper Neretva, Bistrica and Sutjeska) to his realm. thumb Although the Zahumljans mostly accepted the Ban's rule, some resisted, like Petar Toljenović who ruled the ''Primorje'' ({{Translation|Seaside}}'')'' from his capital in Popovo; he was the grandson of the famous Zachlumian Prince Andrew. Petar raised a rebellion, wishing either more autonomy or total independence. He lost a battle against Ban Stjepan II and was imprisoned and put in irons. Ban Stjepan had him thrown with his horse off a cliff. Peter survived for a full hour after the fall.
The Ban's vassal that governed Zahumlje started to raid Ragusan trade routes, which worsened Bosnian-Ragusan relations that were very high during the conquest of Zahumlje. To make matters worse, Ban Stjepan II asked Ragusa to pay him the old traditional {{Interlanguage link|mogoriš|lt=mogoriš|bs|mogoriš|italic=1}} tax that they traditionally paid to the Serbian rulers and even asked them to recognize his supreme rule. The Republic of Ragusa refused with the explanation that it belongs to certain Dedić family from ''župa'' Popovo and that neither the Serbian nor the Bosnian rulers nor the ''Knez'' of Hum have a right to it.{{Sfn|Ćirković|1964|pp=90-91}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last=Ćirković |first=Sima |author-link=Sima Ćirković |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2nrswEACAAJ |title=Историја средњовековне босанске државе |publisher=Srpska književna zadruga |year=1964 |language=sr |trans-title=History of the medieval Bosnian state |oclc=494551997}} *{{citation | last=Fine |first=John Van Antwerp |author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr. |title = The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest | publisher = University of Michigan Press| place =Ann Arbor | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0-472-08260-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh0Bu8C66TsC}} *{{cite journal|last=Mišić|first=Siniša|title=Ston i Pelješac od 1326. do 1333. godine|journal=Историјски часопис|volume=42-43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYA1CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|year=1997|publisher=Istorijski institut|pages=25–32}}
{{Wars and battles involving Serbs}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:War of Hum (1326-1329)}} Category:Wars involving medieval Serbian states Category:14th century in Bosnia Category:Medieval Herzegovina Category:1320s in Europe Category:Military history of the Republic of Ragusa Category:14th-century military history of Croatia Category:Wars involving medieval Bosnian state