{{Short description|None}} {{redirect|War in Iraq|other wars|Iraq War (disambiguation)|and|Iraqi Civil War (disambiguation)|and|List of conflicts in Iraq}} This is a '''list of wars involving the Republic of Iraq''' and its predecessor states. For more of Iraq predecessor states, see List of conflicts in Iraq.
{| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" | Conflict ! rowspan="2" | Combatant 1 ! rowspan="2" | Combatant 2 ! rowspan="2" | Results ! colspan="2" | Iraqi losses ! rowspan="2" | Head of State ! rowspan="2" | Prime Minister |- ! Military ! Civilians |- | Mesopotamian Campaign<br />(1914–1918; World War I) | {{tree list}} * {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Emirate of al-Muntafiq.svg}} Al-Muntafiq Union ** Kurdish tribes ** Arab tribes {{flagcountry|German Empire}} ---- Jam'iya al-Nahda al-Islamiya {{small|(1918)}} {{tree list/end}} | {{tree list}} * {{flagcountry|UKGBI}} ** {{flagcountry|British Raj|name=India}} ** {{flag|Australia}} ** {{flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand}} ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait (1914-1921).svg}} Kuwait {{small|(1914)}}<ref name="Slot 2005 406">{{Harvnb|Slot|2005|pp=406–409}}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Assyrian Volunteers.svg}} Assyrian volunteers {{tree list/end}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Allied victory''' * Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire | ~89,500 | ~35,500 | {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg}} Mehmed VI (Ottoman rule) | {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg}} Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Ottoman rule) |- | Mahmud Barzanji Revolts (1919–1924) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} Mandatory Iraq<br />{{flagicon|UK}} RAF Iraq Command<br />{{flagicon|Assyria}} Assyrian levies | Kurdish state * Barzinja tenantry and tribesmen * Hamavand tribe * Sections of the Jaf, Jabbari, Sheykh Bizayni and Shuan tribes ---- {{flagicon image|Flag of kurdistan-1922 1924.svg}} Kingdom of Kurdistan * Kurdish National Army | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''British-Assyrian victory'''{{sfn|Jackson|1985|p=20}}{{sfn|Colonial Office|1930|p=31}} * Kingdom of Kurdistan abolished in 1924 * Sheykh Mahmud retreats to underground * Iraqi Kurdistan merged into Mandatory Iraq (1926) * Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British | ? | ? | Before 1920: {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} Sir Percy Cox
After 1920: King Faisal I | Before 1920: {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} Sir Percy Cox
After 1920: Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani |- | Iraqi War of Independence<br />(1920) | Iraqi rebels * Al-ʽAhd * Haras Al-Istiqlal * Arab tribesmen * Kurdish tribesmen | {{flagicon|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} United Kingdom * Iraq Levies | style="background:#F88" | '''British victory''' * Anglo-Iraqi treaty{{efn|Including greater autonomy for Iraq,{{sfn|Kadhim|2012|pp=10–11}} the installation of Faysal ibn Husayn as King of Iraq, and cancellation of the British Mandate for Mesopotamia.{{sfn|Kedourie|1968|p=293}}}} * Creation of Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wright |first=Quincy |title=The Government of Iraq |journal=The American Political Science Review |volume=20 |issue=4 |date=1926 |pages=743–769 |jstor=1945423}}</ref><ref>[https://biblio-archive.unog.ch/Dateien/CouncilMSD/C-216-M-77-1926-VI_BI.pdf See original documents here]</ref> | 6,000–10,000 | 2,050–4,000 | colspan="2" | ''None'' |- | Ikhwan revolt (1927–1930) | '''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd}}''' * {{flagicon image|Flag of Al Saud dynasty.svg}} House of Saud * Allied Arab clans ---- {{flag|United Kingdom}} * {{air force|United Kingdom}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kuwait 1921-1940.png}} Kuwait * {{flagcountry|Mandatory Iraq}} * Allied Arab clans | '''{{flag|Ikhwan}}''' * Otaibah * Mutayr * Ajman | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Allied victory''' | colspan="2" | '''2,000 killed in total''' | Faisal I of Iraq | Faisal bin Sultan |- | Yazidi Revolt (1935) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} Kingdom of Iraq | Yazidi tribes | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Revolts suppressed''' * Sinjar mountains put under military control | ? | ? | rowspan="2" | Ghazi of Iraq | rowspan="2" | Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi |- | Iraqi Shia Revolts<br />(1935–1936) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} Kingdom of Iraq | Iraqi Shia tribesmen<br />Ikha Party | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Revolts suppressed''' | colspan="2" | ~500 |- | Iraqi Coup D'état<br />(1941) | {{flagdeco|Iraq|1924}} Iraq | {{flagdeco|Iraq|1924}} Golden Square | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Golden Square victory''' * Overthrow of government of 'Abd al-Ilah * Formation of National Defence Government * British intervention in Iraq | colspan="2" | ? | Faisal II of Iraq | ''Taha al-Hashimi'' |- | Anglo-Iraqi War<br />(1941 WWII) | {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Iraq}} (Golden Square)<br />'''Military support:'''<br />{{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}<br />{{flagcountry|Fascist Italy (1922–1943)}}<br />{{flagcountry|Vichy France}}{{sfn|Sutherland|Canwell|2011|pp=38–43}} | {{flag|United Kingdom}} * {{flagcountry|British Raj}} * {{flagicon|Assyria}} Assyrian levies * {{flag|Mandatory Palestine|maritime|name=Mandatory Palestine}} * {{flagcountry|Emirate of Transjordan}} {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Iraq|1924}} Iraq (Abd Al-Ilah loyalists)}} '''Air and naval support:'''<br />{{flagcountry|Australia}}{{efn|HMAS ''Yarra'', representing Australia, participated at sea.{{sfn|Wavell|1946|p=4094}}}}<br />{{flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand}}{{efn|HMNZS ''Leander'', representing New Zealand, participated at sea.{{sfn|Waters|2008|p=24}}}}<br />{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Greece|state}} Greece{{efn|Greek airmen undergoing training at Habbaniya flew sorties against the Iraqis.}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Allied victory''' * Rebellion suppressed | ~500 | ? | Sherif Sharaf | Rashid Ali al-Gaylani |- | Barzani Revolt<br />(1943–1945) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} Kingdom of Iraq | Barzani tribesmen<br />Allied Kurdish tribes | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi victory''' * Revolt suppressed | colspan="2" | ? | rowspan="4" | Faisal II of Iraq | Nuri al-Said |- | Al-Wathbah Uprising (1948) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} Iraqi Police | Student Cooperation Committee (communists)<br />Progressive Democrats Populists<br />Kurdish Democrats<br />Student wings of the National Democratic Party and the Independence Party | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Victory''' * Restoration of order * More demonstrations in spring 1948 | colspan="2" | 300–400 | Mohammad Hassan al-Sadr |- | First Arab–Israeli War<br />(1948–1949) | {{tree list}} * '''{{flag|Arab League}}''': ** {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Egypt|size=23px}}{{sfn|Oren|2002|p=5}} *** {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg|link=}} All-Palestine Protectorate{{efn|name="sept"|After 22 September 1948}} **** {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg|link=}} Holy War Army{{efn|name="sept"}} ** {{flag|Transjordan|size=23px}}{{sfn|Oren|2002|p=5}} ** {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Iraq|size=23px}}{{sfn|Oren|2002|p=5}} ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria (1930–1958, 1961–1963).svg|size=23px}} Syria{{sfn|Oren|2002|p=5}} ** {{flag|Lebanon|1943|size=23px}}{{Efn|Lebanon had decided to not participate in the war and only took part in the battle of al-Malikiya on 5–6 June 1948.{{sfn|Morris|2008|p=260}}}} ** {{flag|Saudi Arabia|1938|size=23px}}<ref>Gelber, pp. 55, 200, 239</ref>{{incomplete citation|date=February 2026}} ** {{flagcountry|Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|name=Yemen|size=23px}}{{sfn|Morris|2008|p=205}}<hr />'''Irregulars''': * 23px '''Arab Liberation Army''' ** {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg|link=}} Al-Najjada * {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg|link=}} '''Holy War Army''' {{tree list/end}} | {{tree list}} * '''{{flag|Israel}}'''<hr />'''Before 26 May 1948''': * {{flagicon|Israel}} '''Yishuv''' * ''Paramilitary groups'': ** 15px Haganah ** 15px Palmach ** 15px Hish ** 15px Him ** 15px Irgun ** 15px Lehi ** Allied Bedouin tribes<ref>''Palestine Post'', "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-.html |title=Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder |last1=AFP |newspaper=Al Arabiya English |date=24 April 2013 |publisher=Al Arabiya |access-date=7 May 2015 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084908/https://english.alarabiya.net/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder- |url-status=live}}</ref><hr />'''After 26 May 1948''': * {{flagicon|Israel|tsahal}} Israel Defense Forces ** 15px|border Minorities Unit<hr /> * '''Foreign volunteers:''' * Mahal {{tree list/end}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Defeat''' * Arab League invasion of former Mandatory Palestine repelled * 1949 Armistice Agreements * Establishment of the State of Israel, Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip * 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight * Beginning of the Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency | ? | ''None'' | Muzahim al-Pachachi |- | 14 July Revolution<br />(1958) | {{flag icon|Arab Federation}} Arab Federation * {{flag|Kingdom of Iraq}} ** Royal Guard '''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Jordan|name=Kingdom of Jordan}} | {{flag icon|Iraq|1959}} Free Officers * 19th Brigade * 20th Brigade | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Free Officers Victory ''' * Overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy * Death of King Faisal II and his family * Execution of Prince Abd al-Ilah * Execution of Prime Minister Nuri al-Said * End of the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq * End of the Arab Federation * Establishment of the Iraqi Republic | colspan="2" | ~100 | Nuri al-Said |- | Mosul Uprising<br />(1959) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1959}} Iraqi Government<br />{{bulletedlist | {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Communist Party | Arab, Kurdish and Assyrian peasants{{sfn|Batatu|2013}}{{page needed|date=February 2026}}{{sfn| Mughisuddin|1977|p=153}}}} | {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt without eagle.svg}} Arab nationalists<br />{{bulletedlist | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Ba'ath Party | {{flagicon|Arab Revolt}} Sympathetic Arab tribes }} '''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|United Arab Republic}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/ancntr/Paris-in-LA/Database/Case-DB/Kuw-In-61-63/DIS58A10.TXT |title=Mosul Revolt, 1958–1959 |format=TXT |access-date=1 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150404/http://www.usc.edu/dept/ancntr/Paris-in-LA/Database/Case-DB/Kuw-In-61-63/DIS58A10.TXT |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{sfn|Wolf-Hunnicutt|2011|p=36}}{{sfn|Davies|2005|p=118}}<br />{{flag|United States}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Saddam key in early CIA plot – UPI.com |url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2003/04/10/Exclusive-Saddam-key-in-early-CIA-plot/65571050017416/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref><br />{{bulletedlist | CIA (alleged)}} | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Attempted coup fails''' * Iraq remains outside of the UAR * Degradation in Iraq-UAR relations * Iraqi Communists increase in power * Iraqi Ba'athists begin to increase in strength | colspan="2" | 2,426 | rowspan="3" | Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i | rowspan="3" | Abd al-Karim Qasim |- | First Iraqi–Kurdish War<br />(1961–1970) | '''Before 1968:'''<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of Iraq 1959-1963.svg}}{{Flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg}} Iraq<br />{{flagicon|Syria|1963}} Syria (1963)<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|United States|}} (from 1963)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe-Hunnicutt |first=B. |date=2015 |title=Embracing Regime Change in Iraq: American Foreign Policy and the 1963 Coup d'etat in Baghdad |url=https://academic.oup.com/dh/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/dh/dht121 |journal=Diplomatic History |language=en |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=98–125 |doi=10.1093/dh/dht121 |issn=0145-2096 |quote=Despite massive political, economic, and military aid to the fledgling Ba'thist government—including the provision of napalm weapons to assist the regime in what the Embassy regarded as a 'genocidal' counterinsurgency campaign in Iraqi Kurdistan—the first Ba'thist regime in Iraq proved 'not long for this world,' in the words of a rather gleeful British Ambassador. The Ba'th presided over a nine-month reign of terror, and the scale of the party’s brutality shocked Iraqi sensibilities. Moreover, the Ba'th's association—in the public mind—with the American CIA only hastened its demise. In mid-November 1963, less than nine months after taking power, the Ba'th's rivals in the Iraqi Army deposed the Ba'th and rejoined Qasim's challenge to the IPC. |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{sfn|Wolfe-Hunnicutt|2021|pp=126–127}}<hr />'''After 1968:'''<br />{{Flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg}} Ba'athist Iraq | {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.svg}} KDP<br />Yazidis{{sfn|Çoğalan|2017|p=92}}<br />Assyrians<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagicon|Iran|1964}} Iran<ref>{{harvnb|Wolfe-Hunnicutt|2021|pp=102}}: "As the IPC moved in opposition to Qasim, Israeli and Iranian covert assistance began to pour into Iraqi Kurdistan... Kurdish representatives reached out to the US embassy for the same... Available documentation does not prove conclusively that the United States provided covert assistance to the Kurds in the fall of 1962, but the documents that have been declassified are certainly suggestive—especially in light of the general US policy orientation toward Iraq during this period."</ref><br />{{flag|Israel}}<br />{{flag|United States|}} (alleged){{harvnb|Wolfe-Hunnicutt|2021|pp=102}} | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Military stalemate'''<ref>{{harvnb|Kingsbury|2021|p=133}}: "Due to Qasim's distrust of the Iraqi army, he refused to properly arm it, leading to a military stalemate with the Kurds."</ref> * Several Iraqi offensives intended to suppress the Kurdish rebellion fail{{sfn|O'Ballance|1973}}{{page needed|date=February 2026}}{{sfn|Pollack|2002}}{{page needed|date=February 2026}} * Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement * Arabization program continued * Second Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1974 | ~10,000 | ? |- | Ramadan Revolution<br />(1963) | {{flagdeco|Iraq|1959}} Iraqi Government{{bulletedlist | Iraqi Armed Forces }} {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Iraqi Communist Party{{sfn|Wolfe-Hunnicutt|2021|p=108}} | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br />{{bulletedlist | Iraqi Armed Forces (Ba'athist elements) | National Guard militia}} '''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|United States}}<ref name="Matthews 2011">{{Cite journal |last=Matthews |first=Weldon C. |date=9 November 2011 |title=The Kennedy Administration, Counterinsurgency, and Iraq's First Ba'thist Regime |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020743811000882/type/journal_article |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |language=en |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=635–653 |doi=10.1017/S0020743811000882 |s2cid=159490612 |issn=0020-7438 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Wolfe-Hunnicutt Jadaliyya">{{Cite web |last=Wolfe-Hunnicutt |first=Brandon |date=20 July 2018 |title=Essential Readings: The United States and Iraq before Saddam Hussein's Rule |url=https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/37783 |access-date= |website=Jadaliyya |language=}}</ref> | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Iraqi Ba'athist victory''' * Overthrow of Abd al-Karim Qasim * Establishment of Ba'athist government | colspan="2" | 100 |- | Ar-Rashid Revolt (1963) | {{flagicon|Iraq|1959}} Iraqi Government * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Ba'ath Party * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Ba'ath National Guard Militia | {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Iraqi Communist Party<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1959}} Iraqi Army | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Coup attempt defeated''' * Revolt suppressed | colspan="2" | 1+ | rowspan="2" | Abdul Salam Arif | rowspan="2" | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr |- | November coup d'état (1963) | {{flag icon|Iraq|1963}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Ba'athists | {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt without eagle.svg}} Nasserists | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Nasserist victory''' * Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government * Establishment of pro-Nasserist government * Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr became Vice President of Iraq | colspan="2" | 250 |- | Six-Day War<br />(1967) | {{nowrap|{{Flagdeco|Egypt|1958}} Egypt}}<br />{{Flag|Ba'athist Syria|1963|name=Syria}}<br />{{Flag|Jordan}}<br />{{Flagdeco|Iraq|1963}} Iraq<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krauthammer |first=Charles |title=Prelude to the Six Days |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=20 June 2008 |date=18 May 2007 |issn=0740-5421 |page=A23 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051701976.html |archive-date=24 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724024352/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051701976.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|'''Minor involvement:'''<br />{{Flag|Lebanon|1943}}{{Sfn|Oren|2002|p=237}}}} | {{Flag|Israel}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Defeat''' * Israel occupies a total of {{convert|70000|km2|abbr=on}} of territory:{{sfn|Arnold|2016|p=299}} ** The Golan Heights from Syria ** The West Bank including East Jerusalem from Jordan ** The Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt<ref name="Office of the Historian">{{Cite web |title=Milestones: 1961–1968 |website=Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/arab-israeli-war-1967 |access-date=30 November 2018 |quote=Between June 5 and June 10, Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023065030/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/arab-israeli-war-1967 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="weill2007">{{Cite journal |last=Weill |first=Sharon |title=The judicial arm of the occupation: the Israeli military courts in the occupied territories |journal=International Review of the Red Cross |volume=89 |issue=866 |year=2007 |page=401 |quote=On 7 June 1967, the day the occupation started, Military Proclamation No. 2 was issued, endowing the area commander with full legislative, executive, and judicial authorities over the West Bank and declaring that the law in force prior to the occupation remained in force as long as it did not contradict new military orders. |issn=1816-3831 |doi=10.1017/s1816383107001142 |s2cid=55988443}}</ref>
| 10 | ''None'' | Abdul Rahman Arif | Abdul Rahman Arif |- | 17 July Revolution
| {{flag icon|Iraq|1963}} Iraqi Government * {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt without eagle.svg}} Arab Socialist Union}} | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg|link=Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)}} Iraqi Ba'ath Party<br />{{flag icon|Iraq|1963}} Iraqi Armed Forces '''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|United States}} (alleged) | style="background:#E0D0FF | ''' Ba’ath victory''' * Overthrow of Abdul Rahman Arif and Tahir Yahya * Establishment of Ba'athist Iraq | | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr | |- | Yom Kippur War<br />(1973) | {{ubl|| {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1972–1984).svg}} Egypt | {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria (1972–1980).svg}} Syria }}{{bdl|wrap= ; Expeditionary forces : {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}{{sfn|O'Ballance|1978}}{{page needed|date=December 2024}} : {{flag|Algeria}}{{sfn|Shazly|2003|p=278}} : {{flag|Jordan}} : {{Flagdeco|Libya|1972}} Libya : {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg|link=}} Iraq : {{flag|Kuwait}}{{sfn|Rabinovich|2004|pp=464-465}} : {{flag|Tunisia|1959}} : {{flag|Morocco}}{{sfn|Tobji|2006|p=107}} : {{flag|Cuba}} : {{nowrap|{{flag|North Korea|1948}}}}{{sfn|Shazly|2003|pp=83–84}}<ref name="david2013">{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-north-korea-dogfight-yom-kippur-war-2013-6 |title=Israeli F-4s Actually Fought North Korean MiGs During the Yom Kippur War |first=David |last=Cenciotti |website=Business Insider}}</ref> }} | {{flag|Israel}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Defeat'''<ref>References: * Herzog, ''The War of Atonement'', Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward * Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, ''Yom Kippur War'', Doubleday and Company, 1974, page 450 * Luttwak and Horowitz, ''The Israeli Army''. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Abt Books, 1983 * Rabinovich, ''The Yom Kippur War'', Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=g1TkFQgzp5cC Revisiting The Yom Kippur War], P. R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 * Johnson and Tierney, ''Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics''. Page 177 * Charles Liebman, [https://www.policyarchive.org/bitstream/handle/10207/10011/Liebman-MiddleEasternStudies29.pdf "The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society"]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Middle Eastern Studies'', Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.</ref> * Invasion of Israeli-held territories repelled * Agreement on Disengagement and Egypt–Israel peace treaty<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/360505/how-we-used-do-it-mario-loyola |title=How We Used to Do It – American diplomacy in the |last=Loyola |first=Mario |date=7 October 2013 |work=National Review |pages=1 |access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> | 278 | ''None'' | rowspan="2" | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr | rowspan="2" | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr |- | Second Iraqi–Kurdish War<br />(1974–1975) | {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg}} Iraq<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Soviet Union}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/iraqkurds-1932–present/ |title=17. Iraq/Kurds (1932–present)}}</ref> | {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.svg}} KDP<br />Yazidis<ref>Çoğalan, Aydın (2017). ''Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building and the Struggle for Recognition''. Lexington Books. p. 100. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Yezidis_in_Syria/EFgIDgAAQBAJ Google Books]</ref><br />{{flagicon image|State flag of Iran 1964-1980.svg}} Iran<br />'''Supported by:'''<br /> {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/iraqkurds-1932–present/ |title=18. Iraq/Kurds (1932–present)}}</ref><br />{{flag|United States}}{{sfn|Tripp|2007|p=xii}} | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi victory'''{{sfn|Schofield|2007|p=122}} * KDP military and strategic failure * Peshmerga fighting ability destroyed * KDP–Iraq cease-fire * Failed PUK low-level insurgency * Iran withdrew its support for KDP * 1975 Algiers Agreement * Iraqi government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories | 7,000 | ? |- | Arvand Conflict<br />(1974–1975) | {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg}} Iraq | {{flagicon image|State flag of Iran 1964-1980.svg}} Iran<hr />{{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.svg}} KDP | style="background:#F88" | '''Iranian victory'''{{sfn|Simons|DeLoache|1993|p=273}} * 1975 Algiers Agreement<ref>{{Cite news |last=C. R. |first=Jonathan |date=11 April 1980 |title=Iraq Expelling 20,000 Iranians Following Border Clashes |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/04/11/iraq-expelling-20000-iranians-following-border-clashes/f96e02ec-f991-4920-bce9-d6e6c2725ba3/ |access-date=9 September 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> * Iraq cedes half of the Arvand River to Iran{{sfn|Simons|DeLoache|1993|p=273}} * Iran cedes territory around Zain al Qaws and Saif Saad to Iraq{{sfn|Simons|DeLoache|1993|p=273}} * Iraqi federal government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories{{sfn|Schofield|2007|p=122}} * Tensions between Iran and Iraq escalate into a full-scale war in 1980{{sfn|Simons|DeLoache|1993|p=273}} | | | rowspan="10" | Saddam Hussein | rowspan="10" | Saddam Hussein |- | Iran–Iraq War<br />(1980–1988) | {{flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}} ---- {{flagicon image|Flag of Arabistan.svg}} DRFLA{{sfn|Johnson|2010|p=20}}{{sfn|Murray|Woods|2014|p=93}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg}} MEK<br />{{flagicon image|NCRI National Council of Resistance of Iran Lion & Sun Flag.jpg}} NCRI<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistana Îran��.png}} PKDI<ref>{{harvnb|Entessar|2010|p=48}}: "Throughout much of the 1980s, the KDPI received aid from the Ba'thi regime of Saddam Hussein, but Ghassemlou broke with Baghdad in 1988 after Iraq used chemical weapons against Kurds in Halabja and then forced Kurdish villagers to..."</ref><br />Salvation Force<ref name=":6">{{Cite conference |last=van Bruinessen |first=Martin |author-link=Martin van Bruinessen |date=15 August 1986 |title=The Naqshbandi Order as a Vehicle of Political Protest among the Kurds (With Some Comparative Notes on Indonesia) |url=https://www.academia.edu/10965366 |conference=New Approaches in Islamic Studies |location=Jakarta |publisher=Indonesian Institute of Sciences |pages=1–3 |via=Academia.edu |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816190924/https://www.academia.edu/10965366 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />Arab volunteers{{efn|from:<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0205/020559.html |title=Iraq–Iran war becoming Arab-Persian war? (The Christian Science Monitor) |journal=The Christian Science Monitor |date=5 February 1982 |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094106/https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0205/020559.html |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flag|Egypt|1972}} * {{nowrap|{{flag|Jordan}}<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0211/021106.html |title=Jordan's call for volunteers to fight Iran misfires (The Christian Science Monitor) |journal=The Christian Science Monitor |date=11 February 1982 |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094041/https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0211/021106.html |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Schenker|2003}}{{page needed|date=February 2026}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/01/29/jordanian-unit-going-to-aid-iraq-6-hussein-will-join-volunteer-force-fighting-iranians/a6b7099c-3c36-4152-9411-6b0620038463/ |title=Jordanian Unit Going To Aid Iraq 6 Hussein Will Join Volunteer Force Fighting Iranians (The Washington Post) |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094156/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/01/29/jordanian-unit-going-to-aid-iraq-6-hussein-will-join-volunteer-force-fighting-iranians/a6b7099c-3c36-4152-9411-6b0620038463/ |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} * {{flag|Morocco}}<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto" /> * {{flag|North Yemen}}<ref>''Dictionary of modern Arab history'', Kegan Paul International 1998. {{ISBN|978-0710305053}} p. 196.</ref> * {{flag|Sudan}}<ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Iran-IraqWar_Part1_0.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911220456if_/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Iran-IraqWar_Part1_0.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-09-11 |title=Iran–Iraq War Timeline. Part 1}}</ref><ref>Berridge, W.J. "Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The 'Khartoum Springs' of 1964 and 1985", p. 136. Bloomsbury Academic, 2015 {{ISBN?}}</ref> * {{flag|Tunisia|1959}}<ref name="auto" /> }} | {{flag|Iran|1980}} ---- {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.svg}} KDP<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.svg}} PUK<br />{{flagicon image|Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI, SIIC; SCIRI) Infobox Flag.png}} ISCI<br />{{flagicon image|Islamic Dawa Party Flag.svg}} Islamic Dawa Party<br />{{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103949/http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808 |archive-date=11 February 2009 |title=The Iranian Roots of Hizbullah |author=Nimrod Raphaeli |date=11 February 2009 |website=MEMRI}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} Shia volunteers{{efn|from: * {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan}} Afghanistan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/428282/Memoires-of-Afghan-volunteers-in-Iran-Iraq-war-published |title=Memoires of Afghan volunteers in Iran–Iraq war published (tehrantimes.com) |date=7 October 2018 |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617061212/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/428282/Memoires-of-Afghan-volunteers-in-Iran-Iraq-war-published |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/455870/Mohsen-the-Japanese-chronicles-life-of-Afghan-volunteer-fighter |title='Mohsen, the Japanese' chronicles life of Afghan volunteer fighter in Iran–Iraq war (tehrantimes.com) |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165205/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/455870/Mohsen-the-Japanese-chronicles-life-of-Afghan-volunteer-fighter |url-status=live}}</ref>}} * {{flagicon|Iraq|1963}} Iraq<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/200918WastnidgeIransShiaDiplomacyReligiousIdentityForeignPolicyIslamicRepublic.pdf |title=Iran's Shia Diplomacy: Religious and Foreign Policy in the Islamic Republic |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706200748/https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/200918WastnidgeIransShiaDiplomacyReligiousIdentityForeignPolicyIslamicRepublic.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{nowrap|{{flag|Lebanon}}{{sfn|Shaery-Eisenlohr|2011}}{{page needed|date=February 2026}}}} * {{nowrap|{{flag|Pakistan}}<ref>Williamson Murray, Kevin M. Woods (2014): ''The Iran–Iraq War. A Military and Strategic History.'' Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-107-06229-0}} p. 223</ref>}} * {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref name="MCUP">{{Cite web |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/795830/pdf |title=Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Project Muse) |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709043606/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/795830/pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{Flagcountry|Bahrain}}<ref name="MCUP" /> * {{flag|India}}<ref name="MCUP" /> }} | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Inconclusive'''{{efn|Iraq claimed victory following a successful 1988 counter-offensive aimed at expelling Iranian forces from Iraq which compelled Iran to submit to a ceasefire the same year, and also due to the country becoming the dominant power in the Middle East as a result of the conflict, while Iran also claimed victory for expelling Iraqi forces from Iran following 1982 offensives, despite failing in its later-goal to overthrow the Iraqi government and also despite suffering higher military and economic losses than Iraq.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mylroie |first=Laurie |date=1989 |title=Iraq's Changing Role in the Persian Gulf |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45316185 |journal=Current History |volume=88 |issue=535 |pages=89–99 |doi=10.1525/curh.1989.88.535.89 |jstor=45316185 |s2cid=249695060 |issn=0011-3530 |access-date=21 July 2023 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721140817/https://www.jstor.org/stable/45316185 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-26 |title=The 'beauty' and the horror of the Iran–Iraq war |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34353349 |access-date=2023-07-21 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614110703/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34353349 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} * ''Status quo ante bellum''{{efn|After the war concluded, Iraq continued to maintain control over the entire Shatt al-Arab and other Iranian territories it had occupied along the border, covering an area of 9,600 km<sup>2</sup>. It was not until 16 August 1990 that Iraq agreed to return these occupied territories back to Iran and to divide sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab. This restored the border to the terms established by the 1975 Algiers Agreement.{{sfn|Malovany|2017|p=443}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coll |first=Steve |date=15 August 1990 |title=Saddam offers to conclude full peace with Iran |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/08/16/saddam-offers-to-conclude-full-peace-with-iran/6b87c9d2-e36f-454e-a103-09c112c6f546/ |access-date=8 June 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609225730/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/08/16/saddam-offers-to-conclude-full-peace-with-iran/6b87c9d2-e36f-454e-a103-09c112c6f546/ |url-status=live}}</ref>}} | 105,000<br />375,000 | ~100,000 |- | Invasion of Kuwait (1990) | {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg}} Iraqi Republic | {{flag|Kuwait|name=State of Kuwait}} | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi victory''' * UNSC Resolution 660 condemns invasion on 2 August * UNSC Resolution 661 imposes international sanctions against Iraq and declares Kuwait's right to self-defence on 6 August * UNSC Resolution 662 designates Iraqi occupation/annexation of Kuwait as illegal on 9 August * UNSC Resolution 665 authorizes naval blockade against Iraq on 25 August * Iraq establishes the "Republic of Kuwait" on 2 August and annexes it on 28 August ** Northern Kuwait becomes the Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District within Iraq's Basra Governorate ** Southern Kuwait becomes Iraq's Kuwait Governorate | 295+ | None |- | Gulf War<br /> (1990–1991) | {{flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq}} | {{plainlist|* {{Flag|United States}} * {{nowrap|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}}} * {{Flag|France|1974}} * {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{Flag|Egypt}} * {{Flag|Kuwait}} }}<!-- COUNTRIES THAT DID NOT DEPLOY ANY MILITARY UNITS SHOULD NOT BE INCLUDED. --><!-- DO NOT ADD ISRAEL. --><!-- DESCENDING SORTED BY THE NUMBER OF MILITARY PERSONNEL OF EACH COUNTRY Source are references listed in the "Coalition of the Gulf War" article in Wikipedia--> ---- {{Collapsible list | title = {{flagicon|UN}} Coalition{{nobold|:}} | {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Afghan interim government-in-exile (1988–1992).svg}} Afghan mujahideen<ref name="apps.dtic.mil">{{cite web |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a234743.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412060905/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a234743.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=12 April 2019 |website=apps.dtic.mil |access-date=2018-12-18 |title=Desert Shield And Desert Storm: A Chronology And Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis}}</ref> | {{Flag|Argentina}} | {{Flag|Australia}} | {{Flagcountry|State of Bahrain}} | {{Flag|Bangladesh}} | {{Flag|Belgium}} | {{Flag|Canada}} | {{Flagdeco|Czechoslovakia}} Czechoslovakia | {{Flag|Denmark}} | {{Flag|Germany}} | {{Flag|Greece}} | {{Flag|Honduras|1949}} | {{Flag|Hungary}} | {{Flag|Italy}} | {{Flag|Japan|1947}} | {{Flag|Luxembourg}} | {{Flag|Morocco}} | {{Flag|Netherlands}} | {{Flag|New Zealand}} | {{Flag|Niger}} | {{Flag|Norway}} | {{Flag|Oman|1970}} | {{Flag|Pakistan}} | {{Flag|Philippines|1936}} | {{Flag|Poland}} | {{Flag|Portugal}} | {{Flag|Qatar}} | {{Flag|Romania}} | {{Flag|Senegal}} | {{Flag|Sierra Leone}} | {{Flag|Singapore}} | {{Flag|South Korea|1984}} | {{Flag|Spain}} | {{Flag|Sweden}} | {{flagcountry|Ba'athist Syria}} | {{Flag|Turkey}} | {{nowrap|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}}}}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Coalition victory''' * State of Kuwait resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory * Establishment of a demilitarized zone and construction of a separation barrier along the Iraq–Kuwait border | 20,000–35,000 | 3,664 |- | rowspan="2" | 1991 Iraqi uprisings<br />(1991) | rowspan="2" | {{flag|Ba'athist Iraq|1991|name='''Government'''}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg|link=Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)}} Ba'ath Party ** {{flagicon|Iraq|army}} Iraqi Army ** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Republican Guard Symbol.svg}} Republican Guard ** Special Republican Guard * {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Iraqi Popular Army.svg}} Popular Army * {{flagicon image}} General Security * {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Iraqi Intelligence Service.svg}} Intelligence Service * Special Security ---- '''Support:'''<br />{{flagicon image|NCRI National Council of Resistance of Iran Lion %26 Sun Flag.jpg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg}} MEK | Shia and leftist elements of opposition: * {{flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} SCIRI/Badr Brigades * {{flagicon image|Islamic Dawa Party Flag.svg}} Dawa * {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Communist Party * {{flagicon|Iraq|1963}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg|link=Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)}} Pro-Syrian Ba'athists * {{flagicon|Iraq|army}} Army deserters/defectors<hr />'''Diplomatic Support:'''<br />{{flag|United States}}{{sfn|Colgan|2013|p=115}}<br />'''Military Support'''<br />{{flag|Iran}}{{sfn|Terrill|2004|p=9}} | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi government military victory''' (Southern Front) * Imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France | rowspan="2" | ~5,000 | rowspan="2" | 80,000–230,000 |- | '''Kurdish rebels:'''<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan.svg}} Peshmerga: * {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.svg}} KDP * {{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.svg}} PUK * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} IMK * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Kurdistan.svg}} CPK * {{flagicon|Iraq|army}} Jash deserters/defectors * {{flagicon image|Flag of Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistana Îranê.png}} PDKI ---- '''Diplomatic Support:'''<br />{{flag|United States}}{{sfn|Colgan|2013|p=115}}<br />'''Military Support'''<br />{{flag|Iran}}{{sfn|Terrill|2004|p=9}} | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Government Military Victory''' (Northern Front) * Establishment of Kurdistan Region, facilitated by the imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France |- | Iraqi Kurdish Civil War<br />(1995–1996) | {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.svg}} KDP<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} Iraq <small>(from 1995)</small><br />{{flag|Turkey}} <small>(from 1997)</small><br />{{flag|Iran}} <small>(before 1995)</small> | {{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.png}} PUK<br />{{flagicon image|PKK flag 1978.svg}} PKK<ref>{{cite journal |title=The KDP-PUK Conflict in Northern Iraq |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4328927.pdf |jstor=4328927 |first=Michael M. |last=Gunter |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=50 |number=2 |date=1996 |pages=224–241 |publisher=Middle East Institute}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} SCIRI<br />KCP<br />Iraqi National Congress<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Iran}} <small>(from 1995)</small><br />{{flagicon|Ba'athist Syria}} Syria<br />{{flag|United States}} <small>(1996)</small> | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Washington Agreement''' * PKK moved to Qandil mountains from Bekaa Valley | colspan="2" | ? |- | Bombing of Iraq<br />(1998) | {{Flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq|1991|size=23px}} | {{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|size=23px}} United States * United States Armed Forces {{Flag|United Kingdom|size=23px}} * {{Air force|United Kingdom}} | style="background:#F88" | '''Coalition military success{{sfn|Boyne|2002|p=174}}<br />Politically inconclusive{{sfn|Boyne|2002|p=174}}''' * Much of Iraqi military infrastructure destroyed * Iraq bars weapon inspectors from returning * Iraq begins shooting at British and American planes in the Iraqi no-fly zones | 1,400<ref>Rossiter, Mike, ''Target Basra'', Corgi, 2009 {{ISBN|0552157007}} {{ISBN|978-0552157001}}, p. 210</ref><small>(KIA or WIA)</small> | ? |- | Second Sadr Uprising<br />(1999) | {{flag|Iraq|1991}} * Iraqi Armed Forces * Republican Guard<ref>{{cite news |title=Religion: The curse of Saddam City |author=Alexander Smoltczyk |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/religion-the-curse-of-saddam-city-a-246717.html |newspaper=Spiegel Online |date=28 April 2003 |access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> * Fedayeen Saddam * Ba'ath Party | {{flagicon image|Shiism arabic blue.svg}} Rebels: * SCIRI / Badr * Dawa<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c22535,459bb2cb21,3ae6a9cd10,0,,,IRQ.html Amnesty International, Iraq: Victims of Systematic Repression, 24 November 1999, MDE 14/010/1999]</ref> | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi government victory''' * Uprising suppressed | 40+ | 200+<ref name="CSM">{{cite news |title=Sadr the agitator: like father, like son |author=Dan Murphy |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0427/p01s03-woiq.html/(page)/3 |newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor |date=27 April 2004 |access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Iraq War<br />(2003–2011) | '''Invasion (2003)'''<br /> {{flagicon|Ba'athist Iraq|1991}} Republic of Iraq * {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg}} MEK{{sfn|Kahana|Suwaed|2009|p=208}} | '''Invasion (2003)'''<br />Coalition of the willing{{blist | {{flag|United States}} | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | {{flag|Australia}} | {{flag|Poland}}}} {{flagicon|Kurdistan}} Kurdistan Region{{blist | {{flagicon image|Flag of the KDP.svg}} KDP | {{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.svg}} PUK}} {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Iraqi National Congress flag (2003).svg}} Iraqi National Congress}}{{blist | {{flagicon image|FIF flag.svg}} Free Iraqi Forces{{efn|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A42859-2003Apr6.html |title=U.S. Airlifts Iraqi Exile Force For Duties Near Nasiriyah |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=7 April 2003 |access-date=13 September 2009 |first=Bradley |last=Graham |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808031321/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A42859-2003Apr6.html |archive-date=8 August 2007 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="USNewsandworldreport">{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/iraq/articles/fiff030407.htm |title=Deploying the Free Iraqi Forces – U.S. News & World Report |publisher=Usnews.com |date=7 April 2003 |access-date=9 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040204044320/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/iraq/articles/fiff030407.htm |archive-date=4 February 2004}}</ref>}}}}
| style="background:#F88" | '''Defeat''' (Phase 1) * Overthrow of Ba'ath Party-led regime (and execution of Saddam Hussein in 2006) | 7,600–10,800 | rowspan="2" | ''151,000–1,033,000+'' |- | '''After invasion (2003–11)'''<br />{{#invoke:flag||Iraq|2011}}<br />{{#invoke:flag||United States}}<br />{{#invoke:flag||United Kingdom}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Multi-National Force – Iraq.png}} MNF–I (2003–09)<br />{{#invoke:flag||Kurdistan Region}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraq Awakening Conference.svg}} Awakening Council | '''After invasion (2003–11)'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} Al-Qaeda in Iraq<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic Army In Iraq.svg}} Islamic Army in Iraq<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic State in Iraq.svg}} Islamic State of Iraq<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Mahdi Army.svg}} Mahdi Army<br />{{flagicon|Ba'athist Iraq|1991}} Naqshbandi Army<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Hamas.svg}} Hamas of Iraq<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Jaysh al-Mujahideen<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} 1920 Revolution Brigades<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Jama'at Ansar al-Sunnah.svg}} Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Government victory''' (Phase 2) * Re-establishment of democratic elections * U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement * Escalation of sectarian insurgency (leading to the rise of ISIL and re-escalation of war beginning in 2013) | 17,690 | Jalal Talabani | Nouri al-Maliki |- | War in Iraq (2013–17) | {{tree list}} * {{flag|Iraq|name=Central government of Iraq}}<ref name="IsisIraqiArmyPeshmerga">{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/12/how-battle-ready-isis-iraqi-army-peshmerga |title=How effective is Isis compared with the Iraqi army and Kurdish peshmerga? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 June 2014 |access-date=14 August 2019 |last=Beaumont |first=Peter}}</ref> ** 20px Iraqi Armed Forces *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Ground Forces.svg}} Iraqi Ground Forces *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Air Force.svg}} Iraqi Air Force *** {{flagicon image|Special Operations Iraq Flag.svg}} CTS-ISOF *** Popular Mobilization Forces *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Assyria.svg}} Assyrian Forces <small>(Iraqi command)</small> ** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Federal Police Flag.svg}} Federal Police {{tree list/end}} {{tree list}} * {{flagdeco|Kurdistan}} Kurdistan Region<ref name="IsisIraqiArmyPeshmerga" /> ** {{flagdeco|Kurdistan Region}} Peshmerga ** Zeravani ** Kurdistan Region Security Council ** CTG Kurdistan ** Parastin u Zanyari ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Assyria.svg}} Assyrian Forces <small>(Kurdish command)</small> {{tree list/end}} Allied groups: * {{flagicon image|Flag of HPŞ.svg}} Sinjar Alliance * {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party.svg}} PKK<ref name="pkkypg">{{cite news |title=YNK: PKK and YPG are fighting in Şengal and Rabia against ISIS |url=http://www.diclehaber.com/en/news/content/view/414000?from=2082207090 |access-date=6 August 2014 |date=6 August 2014}}</ref> * {{flag|Rojava|name=Rojava}}<ref name="pkkypg" /> * {{flagicon image|Kurdish National Council logo.jpg}} Kurdish National Council<ref>{{cite web |url=https://warisboring.com/politics-keep-syrian-kurdish-troops-from-fighting-in-their-homeland-adc2ef3897fd#.e6fd4v0cu |title=Politics Keep Syrian Kurdish Troops From Fighting in Their Homeland. Never mind Islamic State—one faction rejects another's fighters |author=Vager Saadullah |date=14 October 2015 |access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref> * {{flag|Iraqi Turkmen Front}} * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Communist Party.svg}} Iraqi Communist Party * {{flagdeco|IRQ}} Various self-defense groups Others:<br />{{flag|Iran}}<br /> {{flag|Hezbollah|size=23px}}<br /> {{flagicon image|Liwa Zainebiyoun infobox flag.png}} Liwa Zainebiyoun<br />{{flagicon|Syria|1980}} Syria<ref name="syria">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jun-15/260207-syria-pounds-isis-bases-in-coordination-with-iraq.ashx |title=Syria pounds ISIS bases in coordination with Iraq |date=15 June 2014 |work=Daily Star}} * {{cite news |url=http://online.wsj.com/articles/sunni-rebels-take-complete-control-of-iraqs-largest-oil-refinery-1403605510 |title=Syrian Warplanes Strike in Western Iraq, Killing at Least 50 People |author=Ali A. Nabhan and Matt Bradley |date=25 June 2014 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28033684 |title=Iraqi PM welcomes Syria air strike on border crossing |publisher=BBC News |date=2014-06-26 |access-date=2014-07-31}}</ref> <!--{{flag|Russia}}<br /> Need source if direct involvement exists--> ---- {{nowrap|23px CJTF–OIR}}<br />{{Flag|United States}}<br /> {{flag|United Kingdom}}<br /> {{flag|Canada}}<ref name="militaryaid">{{cite news |title=Seven Countries to sell weapons to Kurds |url=http://basnews.com/en/News/Details/Seven-Countries-to-sell-weapons-to-Kurds/30439 |access-date=24 August 2014 |agency=BasNews |date=14 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Operation IMPACT |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/operations/military-operations/current-operations/operation-impact.html |website=Government of Canada |date=19 August 2014}}</ref><br /> {{flag|Australia}}<ref name="auto6">{{cite web |author=Adam Vidler |url=http://www.9news.com.au/national/2014/08/31/14/59/tony-abbott-commits-australia-to-iraq-conflict |title=Australia to take up military role in Iraq conflict |date=31 August 2014 |access-date=2014-08-31}}</ref><br /> {{Flag|France}}<br /> {{Flag|Italy}}<br /> {{Flag|Netherlands}}<br /> {{flag|New Zealand}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flag lowered on New Zealand’s contribution to defeat-ISIS coalition's military operation |url=https://www.nzdf.mil.nz/assets/Uploads/DocumentLibrary/ArmyNews_Issue544.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315152237/https://www.nzdf.mil.nz/assets/Uploads/DocumentLibrary/ArmyNews_Issue544.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-15}}</ref><br /> {{Flag|Finland}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Involvement of Finnish SOF in the Battle of Mosul. Dutch government report |url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2017/04/04/kamerbrief-over-voortgangsrapportage-nederlandse-bijdrage-aan-de-strijd-tegen-isis |language=NL |publisher=Government of the Netherlands}}{{dead link|date=November 2021}}</ref><br />{{Flag|Denmark}}<ref name="auto7">{{cite news |title=Enhedslisten støtter dansk våbenfly til kurdere i Irak |url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Politik/2014/08/24/0824174721.htm |access-date=24 August 2014 |agency=DR |publisher=DR |date=24 August 2014 |language=da}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} Islamic State<hr /> {{tree list}} * Sunni Insurgent Factions (2012–2015) ** {{flagicon|Ba'athist Iraq|1991}} Naqshbandi Army ** {{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} Army of Pride and Dignity<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/04/27/179462354/iraqs-sunnis-form-tribal-army-as-sectarian-violence-builds |title=Iraq's Sunnis Form Tribal Army, as Sectarian Violence Builds |website=NPR |date=27 April 2013}}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Iraqi Hamas.svg}} Hamas of Iraq ** {{flagicon image|Green Shahada.png}} Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance ** {{flagicon image|Emblem of the General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries.svg}} GMCIR (2014) ** {{flagdeco|Iraq|1963}} Free Iraqi Army (2013–2014) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic Army In Iraq.svg}} Islamic Army in Iraq (2013–2014) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|center|250px}} 1920 Revolution Brigades (2013–2015)<ref>{{Cite web |title=1920s Revolution Brigades {{!}} Mapping Militant Organizations |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/print_view/9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118225239/http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/print_view/9 |access-date=2025-09-28 |archive-date=2015-11-18}}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Revolutionary Tribal Council.svg}} Anbar Tribal Council (2013–2015) {{tree list/end}} | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi and allied victory<ref>{{cite web |author1=England, Andrew |title=Iraq announces defeat of Isis |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d6636416-dcf3-11e7-a8a4-0a1e63a52f9c |publisher=Financial Times |access-date=10 December 2017 |location=Manama, Bahrain |date=9 December 2017}}</ref>''' | 25,000+ | 67,000+ | rowspan="3" | Fuad Masum | rowspan="3" | Haider al-Abadi |- | 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict<br />(2017) | {{flag|Iraq}}<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Iran}}<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/iranian-general-helped-iraqis-seize-kirkuk-u-s-allies-n811026 |work=NBC News |date=18 October 2017 |title=Iranian General Helped Iraqis Seize Kirkuk From U.S. Allies |access-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020090044/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/iranian-general-helped-iraqis-seize-kirkuk-u-s-allies-n811026 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{flagicon|Iraqi Kurdistan}} Kurdistan Regional Government<hr />{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg}} PKK<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/151020175 |title=Kurdistan Peshmerga:Reports of PKK in Kirkuk untrue |date=16 October 2017 |access-date=16 October 2017 |work=Rudaw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017004002/http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/151020175 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of KDP-I.png}} PDKI<ref name="REF6">{{cite news |title=مليشيات الحشد تتقدم نحو بلدة شمال كركوك تضم مقرات احزاب كوردية ايرانية معارضة – باسنیوز |url=http://www.basnews.com/index.php/ar/news/kurdistan/387081 |access-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023010949/http://www.basnews.com/index.php/ar/news/kurdistan/387081 |archive-date=23 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kurdistan Freedom Party (Iran).svg}} PAK<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/we-are-only-1-000-but-we-fight-like-10-000-says-leader-of-kurdistan-freedom-party-1.4124704 |title=We are only 1,000, but we fight like 10,000,' says leader of Kurdistan Freedom Party |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=26 December 2019}}</ref> ----{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kurdish White Flags (variant).jpg}} White Flags (alleged)<ref name="ignites">{{cite web |url=https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1219846/white-banners-movement-ignites-war-words-among-iraqi-factions |title=Middle-east Arab News Opinion |first=Asharq |last=Al-awsat |website=aawsat.com |access-date=4 January 2019 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023195949/https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1219846/white-banners-movement-ignites-war-words-among-iraqi-factions |url-status=live}}</ref> | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Iraqi victory''' * Iraqi government forces defeat the Peshmerga and capture 20% of the territory controlled by the Kurdistan Region including the city of Kirkuk, along with the surrounding oil fields and border crossings.<ref name="Stalled">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/12/world/middleeast/iraq-kurds-autonomous-borders.html |title=With Iraqi-Kurdish Talks Stalled, Phone Diplomacy Averts New Clashes |work=New York Times |date=12 November 2017 |access-date=31 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323001320/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/12/world/middleeast/iraq-kurds-autonomous-borders.html |archive-date=23 March 2018 |url-status=live |last1=Coker |first1=Margaret}}</ref> | None | None |- | Iraqi Insurgency<br />(2017–present) | {{tree list}} * {{flag|Iraq}} ** {{flagicon image|Iraqi Federal Police Flag.svg}} Iraqi Federal Police ** 20px Iraqi Armed Forces *** {{flagicon image|Special Operations Iraq Flag.svg}} Special Operations Forces (SOF) *** {{flagicon image|PMF infobox.png}} Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq.svg}} Tribal Mobilization<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-tribe-isis-massacre-war-hit-albu-nimr-baghdad-sunni-a8431466.html |title=For this Iraqi tribe massacred by Isis, the fear never truly goes away |work=Independent |access-date=2018-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006121552/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-tribe-isis-massacre-war-hit-albu-nimr-baghdad-sunni-a8431466.html |archive-date=2018-10-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} Islamic Resistance in Iraq {{tree list/end}}'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flagdeco|Iran}} Iran {{flagdeco|Rojava}} Rojava (cross-border cooperation since May 2018)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-backed-syrian-forces-resume-battle-against-islamic-state-idUSKBN1I2390 |title=U.S.-backed Syrian forces resume battle against Islamic State |date=May 2018 |work=Reuters |access-date=2018-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202074424/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-backed-syrian-forces-resume-battle-against-islamic-state-idUSKBN1I2390 |archive-date=2018-12-02 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />'''Supported by:'''<br />23px '''CJTF-OIR''' * {{flag|United States}} * {{flag|United Kingdom}} * {{flag|France}} ---- {{tree list}} * {{flag|Kurdistan Region}} ** Peshmerga {{tree list/end}} '''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Netherlands}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/c67655a0-7f88-4aff-ae58-b0f58676a9b8 |title=Dutch army to continue support for Kurdish Peshmerga forces |last=van Wilgenburg |first=Wladimir |work=Kurdistan24 |access-date=2018-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006234842/http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/c67655a0-7f88-4aff-ae58-b0f58676a9b8 |archive-date=2018-10-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{flagdeco|Islamic State}} Islamic State<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kurdish White Flags (variant).jpg}} White Flags (2017–2018) | style="background:#E0D0FF | '''Ongoing as a hit-and-run campaign''' | 2,254+ | None |- | Iraqi intervention in the Syrian civil war<br />(2017–2019) | * {{flag|Iraq|size=23px}} * {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} Syria * {{flag|Russia|size=23px}} | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.svg|size=23px}} ISIL | style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Victory''' * ISIL loses remaining territory in Syria | None | None | Barham Salih | Adil Abdul-Mahdi |}
==Other armed conflicts involving Iraq== {{History of Iraq}} * Wars during Mandatory Iraq * Smaller conflicts, revolutions, coups and periphery conflicts ** Simele massacre 1933 ** Joint Operation Arvand 1969, Iranian show of force that Iraq did not resist ** Kurdish rebellion of 1983 (part of Iran–Iraq War) ** Iraqi no-fly zones conflict, 1991–2003 ** Kurdistan Islamist conflict, 2001–2004 (fought on Iraqi territory, but with no Iraqi involvement) {{clear}}
== Notes == {{notelist}}
== Footnotes == {{Reflist}}
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Andrew |title=The United States and Iraq's Shi'ite Clergy: Partners Or Adversaries? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tH9HAQAAIAAJ |date=2004 |publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College |isbn=978-1-58487-153-8 |language=en}} * {{cite book |last=Tobji |first=Mahjoub |title=Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006 |year=2006 |publisher=Fayard |isbn=978-2-213-63015-1 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Tripp |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOmHAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Iraq |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-70247-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Waters |first=S. D. |title=HMNZS Leander |publisher=Merriam Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4357-5892-6 |location=Wellington, New Zealand}} * {{Cite book |last=Wavell |first=Archibald |title=Despatch on Operations in Iraq, East Syria and Iran from 10th April, 1941 to 12th January, 1942 |publisher=War Office |year=1946 |location=London |author-link=Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell}} in {{London Gazette| issue=37685 |date=13 August 1946 |supp=y |pages=4093–4102 }} * {{cite thesis |last=Wolf-Hunnicutt |first=Brandon |title=The End of the Concessionary Regime: Oil and American Power in Iraq, 1958–1972 |year=2011 |publisher=Stanford University |oclc=712779421}} * {{Cite book |last=Wolfe-Hunnicutt |first=Brandon |title=The Paranoid Style in American Diplomacy: Oil and Arab Nationalism in Iraq |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-5036-1382-9 |location=Stanford}}
{{Middle East topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving Middle Eastern countries}} {{Asia topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving Asian countries}}
Category:Wars involving Iraq Iraq * Wars Wars