War artist

{{Short description|Artist who records their experience of war}} {{For|the genre|Military art}} [[File:Spring in the Trenches, Ridge Wood, 1917 Art.IWMART1154.jpg|thumb|''Spring in the Trenches, Ridge Wood, 1917'' by Paul Nash. Nash was a war artist in both World War I and World War II]] A '''war artist''' is an artist either commissioned by a government or publication, or self-motivated, to document first-hand experience of war in any form of illustrative or depictive record.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/w/war-artists|title=War artists|website=Tate}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MR9Jj01GcykC&dq=War+artist+is&pg=PA34 Jane Bingham, War and Conflict, Raintree - 2006, pages 30-35]</ref><ref name="iwm_headerphrase">Imperial War Museum (IWM), [http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.001 header phrase, "war shapes lives"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330160031/http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.001 |date=2010-03-30 }}</ref> War artists explore the visual and sensory dimensions of war, often absent in written histories or other accounts of warfare.<ref name="aus_official">Australian War Memorial (AWM): [http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/war_artists/artists.asp Australian official war artists]</ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1978-037-09A, Frankreich, Kriegsmaler.jpg|thumb|A war artist in German-occupied France in 1941]] These artists may be involved in war as onlookers to the scenes, military personnel, or as specifically commissioned to be present and record military activity.<ref name="oxford">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Military+History+War+art+is+that+which+has+been+developed|title=The Oxford Companion to Military History|first1=Richard|last1=Holmes|first2=Hew|last2=Strachan|first3=Chris|last3=Bellamy|first4=Hugh|last4=Bicheno|date=January 26, 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-866209-9 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Artists record military activities in ways that cameras and the written word cannot. Their art collects and distills the experiences of the people who endured it.<ref>U.S. Naval Historical Center (NHHC), [https://web.archive.org/web/20000621233855/http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/wwii/history/history1.htm "World War II Navy Art: A Vision of History,"], 2001</ref> The artists and their artwork affect how subsequent generations view military conflicts. For example, Australian war artists who grew up between the two world wars were influenced by the artwork which depicted the First World War, and there was a precedent and format for them to follow.<ref name="reid5">Reid, John B. (1977). ''Australian Artists at War,'' Vol. 2, p. 5.</ref>

Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield,<ref>National Archives (UK), [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm "'The Art of War,' Learn About the Art."]</ref> but there are many other types of war artists. These can include combatants who are artists and choose to record their experiences, non-combatants who are witnesses of war, and prisoners of war who may voluntarily record the conditions or be appointed war artists by senior officers.

In New Zealand, the title of appointed "war artist" is "army artist". In the United States, the term "combat artist" has come to be used to mean the same thing.<ref name="kino">[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/18/arts/design/18marines.html "With Sketchpads and Guns, Semper Fi"];</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/07/14/arts/design/20100718-MARINES-2.html |title=Marine Art |work=The New York Times |date=2010-07-14 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref>

== Some examples and their background == * William Simpson was an artist-correspondent who sent artwork to London from the front during the Crimean War.<ref name="harrington_simpson">Harrington, Peter. [https://dl.lib.brown.edu/askb/pdf/William_Simpson.pdf "The First True War Artist,"] ''MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History'', Vol. 9, No. 1, Autumn 1996, pp.&nbsp;100–109.</ref> * Alfred Waud was an American Civil War pictorial newspaper illustrator. * Ogata Gekkō and Tsuguharu Foujita created woodblock prints for Japanese publications. * Ronald Searle recorded life in Japanese POW camps.<ref name="searle_age90">{{cite news|author=Steve Bell |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/mar/09/ronald-searle-life-in-pictures |title=Ronald Searle: a life in pictures |publisher=Guardian |date= 2010-03-09|access-date=2012-07-15 |location=London}}</ref><ref>Grove, Valerie. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110615063329/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article7032528.ece "Aged 90, Ronald Searle recalls the bad girls of St Trinian's,"]}}''The Times'' (London). February 20, 2010.</ref> * Emmanuel Leutze's 1851 studio painting of ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' is historically incorrect, and Leutze was born decades after the event his painting depicts, but this work has become an icon of popular culture.

==War artists by nationality== {{split|War artists by nationality|date=September 2021|section=y|discuss=Talk:War artist#Split proposal}}

===Argentine=== *Cándido López, 1840–1902, Paraguayan War

===Australian=== {{Main|Australian official war artists}} [[File:Australians and New Zealanders at Klerksdorp 24 March 1901 by Charles Hammond.jpg|thumb|''Australians and New Zealanders at Klerksdorp 24 March 1901'' by Charles Hammond]] War artists have depicted all the conflicts in which Australians have been called to combat. The Australian tradition of "official war artists" started with the First World War. Artists were granted permission to accompany the Australian Imperial Force to record the activities of its soldiers. During the Second World War, the Australian War Museum, later called the Australian War Memorial, engaged artists. At the same time, the Royal Australian Navy, Australian Army, and Royal Australian Air Force appointed official war artist-soldiers from within their ranks.<ref>Wilkins, Lola. [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/essays/australia_worldwar2_artworks_e.shtml "Interpreting the war: Australia's Second World War art."] CWM, 2005.</ref> These embedded war artists have depicted the activities of Australian forces in Korea, Vietnam, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

The ranks of non-soldier artists like George Gittoes continue to create artwork which becomes a commentary on Australia's military actions in war.<ref name="strauss">Strauss, David Levi. [http://www.brooklynrail.org/2010/07/art/george-gittoes-with-david-levi-strauss "George Gittoes with David Levi Strauss,"] ''The Brooklyn Rail'' (New York). July 8, 2010; Order of Australia, [https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/869979 George Gittoes, AM], excerpt of citation, "''For service to art and international relations as an artist and photographer portraying the effects on the environment of war, international disasters and heavy industry''".</ref>

'''Selected artists'''<br /> A select list of representative Australian artists includes: {{dynamic list}} {| style="width:100%;" |- | style="width:33%; vertical-align:top;"|

====Second Boer War==== * William Dargie CBE, 1912–2003<ref>AWM: [http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/war_artists/ww2.asp Australia and the Boer War, 1899–1902]; ''The incident for which Captain Howse was awarded the VC in Vredefort, July 1900'' by William Dargie (1968, oil on paper on board, 25.5 x 35.5 cm), AWM ART29246</ref>

====First World War==== * George Bell, 1878–1966<ref name="awm_1stwarartists">{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/war_artists/ww1.asp |title=World War I, official artists |publisher=Awm.gov.au |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Charles Bryant, 1883–1937<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * Will Dyson, 1880–1938<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * A. Henry Fullwood, 1863–1930<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * George Lambert ARA, 1873–1930<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * Fred Leist, 1878–1945<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * John Longstaff, 1862–1941<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * Louis McCubbin, 1890–1952<ref>Gray, Anne. (1986) [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mccubbin-louis-frederick-7329 "McCubbin, Louis Frederick (1890–1952),"] ''Australian Dictionary of Biography,'' Vol. 10, pp. 243–244; excerpt, "Appointed an official ''war artist'' under the Australian Records Section scheme to the 3rd Division, he visited scenes of battles with Wallace Anderson and Charles Web Gilbert after the war to collect data for proposed dioramas.</ref> * Harold Septimus Power, 1877–1951<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * James Quinn, 1869–1951<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/> * Arthur Streeton, 1867–1943<ref name="awm_1stwarartists"/>

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====Second World War==== * Stella Bowen, 1893–1947<ref name="awm_2ndwarartists">{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/war_artists/ww2.asp |title=Second World War, official artists |publisher=Awm.gov.au |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Ernest Buckmaster, 1897-1968<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/war_artists/ww2|title=Australian official war artists - Second World War &#124; Australian War Memorial|website=www.awm.gov.au}}</ref> * Norma Bull, 1906-1980<ref name="LGirls">{{cite book|author=Gill Clarke|publisher=Sansom & Company|year=2008|title=The Women's Land Army A Portrait |isbn=978-1-904537-87-8}}</ref> * Colin Colahan, 1897–1987<ref>{{citation |title=Colahan, Colin – Australian War Memorial; An article and images of Colahan's war art compiled by Garry Kinnane.|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j28/j28-kinn.asp|publisher=Journal of the Australian War Memorial|access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> * William Dargie CBE, 1912–2003<ref name="awm_2ndwarartists"/> * William Dobell OBE, 1899–1970<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/william-dobell_e.shtml |title=William Dobell |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Russell Drysdale AC, 1912–1981<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/russell-drysdale_e.shtml |title=Russell Drysdale |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Richard Eurich OBE RA, 1903–1992<ref>{{citation |title=Richard Eurich|url=http://www.richardeurich.co.uk/frame.html|publisher=The Official Website of Richard Eurich R.A.|access-date=2011-08-11}}</ref> * Murray Griffin, 1903–1992<ref name="awm_2ndwarartists"/> * Harold Herbert, 1891–1945<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haese |first1=Richard |title='Herbert, Harold Brocklebank (1891–1945),' in Australian dictionary of biography. |last2=Serle |first2=Alan Geoffrey |date=1983 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0-522-84273-9 |volume=9 |location=Melbourne |language=English |oclc=890244680}}</ref> * Ivor Hele, 1912–1993 * Nora Heysen AM, 1911–2003<ref name="awm_2ndwarartists"/> * Frank Hodgkinson AM, 1919–2001<ref name="awm_2ndwarartists"/> * Rex Julius, 1914-1944<ref>{{cite web |title=Sketching naval life: the war art of Rex Julius |url=https://www.naa.gov.au/blog/sketching-naval-life-war-art-rex-julius |publisher=National Archives of Australia |access-date=4 September 2021 |date=28 February 2020}}</ref> * Alan Moore, 1914-2015<ref name="awm_2ndwarartists"/> * Sydney Nolan OM AC, 1917–1992<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/sidney-nolan_e.shtml |title=Sydney Nolan |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * William Edwin Pidgeon, 1909–1981 * Grace Cossington Smith AO, 1892–1984<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/grace-cossington-smith_e.shtml |title=Grace Cossington Smith |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref>

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====Recent conflicts==== * Rick Amor, b. 1948, Peacekeeping in East Timor<ref name="awm_post-1945wars">{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/war_artists/1945totoday.asp |title=Conflicts 1945 to today, official artists |publisher=Awm.gov.au |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Conway Bown, b. 1966, Australian Army War Artist<ref>Defence, Dept of. Media Release "The Creation of the Army's Official Art Collection" [http://www.defence.gov.au/media/DepartmentalTpl.cfm?CurrentId=6130]</ref> * Peter Churcher, b. 1964, war on terrorism<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> * George Gittoes AM, b. 1949<ref name="strauss"/> * Shaun Gladwell, b. 1972, War in Afghanistan<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> * Ivor Hele, 1912–1993, Korean War<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> * Ken McFadyen, 1932–1998, Vietnam War<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> * Lewis Miller, b. 1959, War in Iraq<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> * Frank Norton, 1916–1983, Korean War<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> * Wendy Sharpe, b. 1960, Peacekeeping in East Timor<ref name="awm_post-1945wars"/> |}

===Austrian=== [[File:The Fall of Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805.jpg|thumb|''The Fall of Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805'' by Denis Dighton, c. 1825]] [[File:Isandhlwana.jpg|thumb|''The Last Stand at Isandlwana'', 1879, by Charles Edwin Fripp in 1885. Collection of the National Army Museum of South Africa]] * Alfred Basel * Roman Zenzinger

===Belgian=== ====First World War==== * Alfred Bastien, 1873—1955<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/guerre/photo-e.aspx?PageId=3.D.2&photo=3.D.2.aa&f=/cwm/exhibitions/guerre/official-art-e.aspx |title=Alfred Bastien |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref>

===British=== {{Main|British official war artists}} British participation in foreign wars has been the subject of paintings and other works created by Britain's war artists. Artwork like the 1688 painting,''The Fleet at Sea'' by Willem van de Velde the Younger depict the Royal Navy in readiness for battle. The Ministry of Defence art collection includes many paintings showing battle scenes, particularly naval battles.<ref name="mod_battles">Ministry of Defence (MoD), [http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/MODArtCollection/MinistryOfDefenceArtCollectionBattles.htm Battles]</ref> Military art and portraiture has evolved along with other aspects of war. The British official war artists of the First World War created a unique account of that conflict. The British War Artists Scheme expanded the number of official artists and enlarged the scope of their activities during the Second War.<ref>Tolson, Roger. [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/essays/britain_war_artists_scheme_e.shtml "A Common Cause: Britain's War Artists Scheme."] CWM, 2005.</ref>

Significant themes in the chronicle of twentieth-century wars have been developed by non-military, non-official, civilian artists. For example, society portraitist Arabella Dorman's paintings of wounded Iraq War veterans inspired her to spend two weeks with three regiments in different frontline areas: the Green Jackets at Basra Palace, the Queen's Own Gurkhas at Shaibah Logistics Base ten miles south-west of Basra, and the Queen's Royal Lancers in the Maysaan desert. In the field, Dorman drew quick charcoal portraits of the men she met. Returning to England, the sketches she made helped her use art to "evoke the emotions and psychological impact of war," rather than depicting the "physical horror" of war.<ref>Harrison, David. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/5262624/War-artist-Arabella-Dorman-paints-Iraq.html "War artist Arabella Dorman paints Iraq,"] ''Telegraph'' (London). May 2, 2009.</ref>

'''Selected artists'''<br /> A select list of representative British artists includes: {{dynamic list}} {| style="width:100%;" |- | style="width:33%; vertical-align:top;"|

====Napoleonic Wars==== * Denis Dighton, 1792–1827<ref>National Maritime Museum (NMM), [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/nelson/viewObject.cfm?ID=BHC0552 '' The Fall of Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805''] by Denis Dighton, c. 1825.</ref> * Robert Ker Porter, 1777–1842<ref>National Portrait Gallery(NPG), [http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp56820/sir-robert-ker-porter?role=art Robert Ker Porter]</ref> * John Christian Schetky, 1778–1874<ref name="mod_battles"/>

====Crimean War==== * Jerry Barrett, 1824–1906<ref>National Portrait Gallery, [http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/display/room-by-room/room-23-expansion-and-empire.php?searched=Jerry+Barrett&highlight=searchHighlight+searchHighlight1+searchHighlight2 Expansion and Empire]</ref> * Oswald Brierly, 1817–1894<ref>Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB), [https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brierly-sir-oswald-walters-3054 Brierly, Sir Oswald Walters (1817–1894)]</ref> * William Simpson, 1823–1899<ref>Library of Congress (LOC), [https://www.loc.gov/pictures/related/?q=Simpson,+William,+1823-1899&fi=name&st=gallery Simpson, William, 1823–1899]</ref>

====Boer Wars==== * John Henry Frederick Bacon, 1868–1914<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artnet.com/artist/658607/john-henry-frederick-bacon.html |title=Bacon, 1868–1914 |publisher=Artnet.com |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * René Bull, 1872–1942 * Charles Edwin Fripp, 1854–1906<ref>[http://www.easyart.com/art-prints/artists/Charles-Edwin-Fripp-5389.html Charles Edwin Fripp]; excerpt, "''Fripp also held a commission in the Artists Rifles for 13 years ....''"</ref> * Godfrey Douglas Giles, 1857–1941<ref>[http://www.bsat.co.uk/home.php British Sporting Artists Trust] (BSAT), [http://www.bsat.co.uk/picture.php?pid=55 Godfrey Douglas Giles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306044229/http://www.bsat.co.uk/picture.php?pid=55 |date=2012-03-06 }}</ref> * Ernest Prater, 1864–1950<ref>[http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/identities/default.htm WorldCat Identities]: [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr2002-20950? Prater, Ernest]</ref> * Melton Prior, 1845–1910<ref>Brighton and Hove Museums, [http://www.virtualmuseum.info/collections/person.asp?searchText=collected&prow=2&bio=full Melton Prior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201193319/http://www.virtualmuseum.info/collections/person.asp?searchText=collected&prow=2&bio=full |date=2021-02-01 }}; Lee, Sidney. (2006). {{Google books|BWLypQe-OsEC|Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), Second Supplement, Vol. 3, p. 136.|page=136}}</ref> * Frederic Villiers, 1851–1922 * William Barnes Wollen, 1857–1936

====First World War==== *Anna Airy, 1882–1964 *Muirhead Bone, 1888–1953<ref name="mod_artists">{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/MODArtCollection/MinistryOfDefenceArtCollectionWarArtists.htm |title=War artists |publisher=Mod.uk |date=2007-03-14 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> *Sydney Carline, 1888–1929 *Colin Gill, 1892–1940 *Eric Kennington RA, 1888–1960<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/15123 |title=Gassed and Wounded [Art.IWM ART 4744] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=16 April 2013}}; also a war artist in the Second World War.</ref> *Wyndham Lewis, 1882–1957 *John Hodgson Lobley RA, 1878–1954<ref name=BBC>{{cite web |url=https://artuk.org/search/search/search/keyword:john-hodgson-lobley |title=John Hodgson Lobley, 1878–1954 |publisher=Art UK }}</ref><ref name=IWM-WWI>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/pdf/Witness.pdf |title=Witness – Highlights of First World War Art |publisher=Imperial War Museum }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *John Edmund Mace, 1889–1952<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dominicwinter.co.uk/Auction/Lot/lot-873---mace-john-edmund/?lot=124054&sd=1 |title=Mace, John Edmund|publisher=Dominic Winter|access-date=2025-11-24}}</ref> *Olive Mudie-Cooke, 1890–1925 *John Nash CBE RA, 1893–1977<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/20015 |title='Over The Top'. 1st Artists' Rifles at Marcoing, 30th December 1917 [Art.IWM ART 1656] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=16 April 2013}}; also a war artist in World War II.</ref> *Paul Nash, 1889–1946<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/20087 |title=The Menin Road [Art.IWM ART 2242] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=16 April 2013}}; also a war artist in World War II.</ref> *C.R.W. Nevinson, 1889–1946<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/20211 |title=Paths of Glory [Art.IWM ART 518] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> *Sir William Orpen KBE RA RHA, 1878–1931<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/20882 |title=Harvest, 1918 [Art.IWM ART 4663] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=16 April 2013}}; also a war artist in World War II.</ref> *Sir Stanley Spencer RA, 1891–1959<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/25132 |title=Travoys Arriving with Wounded at a Dressing-Station at Smol, Macedonia, September 1916, 1919 [Art.IWM ART 2268] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=12 Nov 2013}}; also a war artist in World War II.</ref>

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====Second World War==== * George Worsley Adamson RE, 1913–2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1050001282|title=George W Adamson|website=Imperial War Museums}}</ref> * Edward Ardizzone CBE RA, 1900–1979<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/edward-ardizzone_e.shtml |title=WarMuseum.ca - Art and War - British artist - Edward Ardizzone |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Richard Eurich RA, 1903–1992<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/richard-eurich-1071|title=Richard Eurich 1903–1992|website=Tate}}</ref> * Edward Bawden RA, 1903–1989<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/edward-bawden_e.shtml |title=Edward Bawden |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Henry Carr RA, 1894–1970<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/henry-carr_e.shtml |title=Henry Carr |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Jack Bridger Chalker, 1918–2014 * Leslie Cole, 1910–1976 * Charles Cundall, 1890–1971 * Amy Elton, 1904-1989 (working for the Department of External Affairs in India, 1942–1945)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/amy-elton|title=Amy Elton| publisher=Royal Academy |access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cornwallartists.org/cornwall-artists/amy-elton|title=Cornwall Artist Index: Amy Elton|access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.artcentrepenryn.org/women-of-cornwall-a/|title=Women of Cornwall A: Amy Elton|access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> * Reginald Eves, 1876–1941 * Anthony Gross, 1905-1984<ref>Thomas, Ronan; [http://www.westendatwar.org.uk/page_id__167_path__0p4p.aspx West End at War: Anthony Gross]. Retrieved 24 April 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/anthony-gross-1222/text-artist-biography Tate: Anthony Gross - Artist biography]. Retrieved 24 April 2013</ref> * Bernard Hailstone, 1910–1987<ref name="mod_artists"/> * Thomas Hennell, 1903–1945<ref name="mod_artists"/> * Eliot Hodgkin, 1905–1987<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/13274 |title=Eliot Hodgkin |publisher=Imperial War Museums |access-date=2012-09-16}}</ref> * Ley Kenyon, 1913-1990<ref>David Buckman. '''Artists in Britain Since 1945'' (1998), p. 692</ref> * Laura Knight DBE RA, 1877–1970<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/laura-knight_e.shtml |title=Laura Knight |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * (Thomas) John Mansbridge, 1901–1981<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwmprints.org.uk/image/803584/mansbridge-john-an-air-gunner-in-a-gun-turret-sergeant-g-holmes-d-f-m|title = 'An Air Gunner in a Gun-turret : Sergeant G Holmes, D.F.M'}}</ref> * Philip Meninsky, 1919–2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/conArtist.1760/ |title=Philip Meninsky |publisher=Imperial War Museum |access-date=2013-04-25 |archive-date=2014-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027174344/http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/conArtist.1760/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * John Mennie, 1911–1982 * James Morris, 1908–1989 * Ashley George Old, 1913–2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/20591|title=POW, Chunkai, Thailand, January 1944 [Stanley Gimson portrait]|website=Imperial War Museums}}</ref> * Cuthbert Orde, 1888–1968<ref>{{cite web | url=http://navigator.rafmuseum.org/results.do?view=detail&db=person&mode=1&id=8456 | title=RAF Museum Collections }}</ref> * John Piper, 1903–1992 * Roland Vivian Pitchforth, 1911–1999<ref name="mod_artists"/> * Eric Ravilious, 1903–1942<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk/NR/exeres/6FA48997-0CC7-4252-A646-A1932A5F437F.htm |title=Ministry of Defence &#124; About Defence &#124; What we do &#124; Defence Estate and Environment &#124; MOD Art Collection &#124; Ministry of Defence Art Collection |publisher=Mod.uk |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Leo Rawlings, 1918-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fmqnwe45 |title=And the dawn came up like thunder : Leo Rawlings, prisoner of Japan and war artist 1941-1945 / previously unpublished colour paintings by Leo Rawlings of his war pictures and edited writings; edited by Justin Nash and Dr Jacquie Mullender; photographs, new commentary and maps by Dr Nigel Stanley|publisher=Wellcome Collection |access-date=2025-02-21}}</ref> * Albert Richards, 1919–1945<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collection.britishcouncil.org/collection/artist/5/18149 |title=Albert Richards (1919–1945) |publisher=Collection.britishcouncil.org |access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> * Henry Rushbury KCVO RA, 1898–1968 * Stella Schmolle, 1908–1975 * Ronald Searle CBE RDI, 1920–2011<ref name="searle_age90"/> * Ruskin Spear RA, 1911–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/ruskin-spear_e.shtml |title=Ruskin Spear |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> *Sir Stanley Spencer RA, 1891–1959<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/25164 |title=Shipbuilding on the Clyde: Bending the Keel Plate, 1943 [Art.IWM ART LD 3106] |author=Imperial War Museum |work=IWM Collections Search |access-date=12 Nov 2013}}; also a war artist in World War I.</ref> * Graham Sutherland OM, 1903–1980<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/graham-sutherland_e.shtml |title=Graham Sutherland |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Ernest Wallcousins, 1882–1976 * Carel Weight CBE RA, 1908–1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/carel-weight_e.shtml |title=Carel Weight |language=fr |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * John Worsley, 1897–1991 * Doris Zinkeisen, 1919–2000

| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top;"|

====Recent conflicts==== * Richard Johnson, b. 1966 * Derek Eland, b. 1961 (Afghanistan, 2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://derekeland.com/helmand/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827224910/http://derekeland.com/helmand/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 27, 2013 |title=Helmand |work=derekeland.com |author=Derek Eland |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> * Fergus Greer, b. 1961, Kosovo<ref name="Greer">{{cite web |title=Fergus Greer |website=National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp58763/fergus-greer |access-date=1 February 2025}}</ref> * Peter Howson, b. 1958<ref name=IWM-WWA-CWA-Intro>{{cite web |url=http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.909 |title=Contemporary War Artists: Introduction |publisher=Imperial War Museum }}</ref><ref name=IWM-WWA-CWA-PH>{{cite web |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090106051554/http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.912 |archive-date=6 January 2009 |url=http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.912 |title=Contemporary War Artists: Peter Howson: Bosnia |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=Imperial War Museum }}</ref> * John Keane, b. 1954<ref name=IWM-WWA-CWA-Intro /><ref name=IWM-WWA-CWA-JK>{{cite web |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090106051554/http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.911 |archive-date=6 January 2009 |access-date=19 April 2013 |url=http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.911 |title=Contemporary War Artists: John Keane: The Gulf War |publisher=Imperial War Museum }}</ref> * Linda Kitson, b. 1945 (Falklands, 1982)<ref name=IWM-WWA-CWA-Intro /><ref name=Independent-2011-04-08>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/women-at-war-the-female-british-artists-who-were-written-out-of-history-2264670.html |title=Women at war: The female British artists who were written out of history |date=8 April 2011 |publisher=Independent |location=London}}</ref><ref name=IWM-WWA-CWA-LK>{{cite web |url=http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.2478 |access-date=20 April 2013 |title=Falklands War 1982, Linda Kitson's artistic record |publisher=Imperial War Museum |archive-date=17 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317072358/http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.2478 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Xavier Pick, b. 1972 (Iraq with British and US Forces, 2009–2011) * Steve Mumford, b. 1960 (Iraq with US Forces) * Paul Seawright, b 1965 (Afghanistan) Imperial War Museum Commission * Barry John (artist), b 1974 (Northern Ireland) with Royal Welsh

[[File:Portrait of "Dusty" Rhodes by Ashley George Old.jpg|thumb|Portrait of POW "Dusty" Rhodes. A three-minute sketch by Ashley George Old painted in Thailand]] |}

===Canadian=== {{Main|Canadian official war artists}} [[File:A. Y. Jackson - Gas Attack, Lievin.jpeg|thumb|Canadian Forestry Corps' ''Gas Attack, Lievin'' (1918) by Canadian war artist A. Y. Jackson]] Representative works by Canada's artists whose work illustrates and records war are gathered into the extensive collection of the Canadian War Museum. The earliest war art in Canada was rock art created by Indigenous peoples from all regions of the country.<ref name="Brandon 2021">{{Cite book|last=Brandon|first=Laura|url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/war-art-in-canada/preface/|title=War Art in Canada: A Critical History|publisher=Art Canada Institute|year=2021|isbn=978-1-4871-0271-5|location=Toronto}}</ref> During the colonial period, large-scale, European-style paintings of war dominated New France and British North America.<ref name="Brandon 2021"/> The First and Second World Wars saw a dramatic increase in the production of war art in every medium.<ref name="Brandon 2021"/> A few First World War paintings were exhibited in the Senate of Canada Chamber, and artists studied these works as a way of preparing to create new artworks in the conflict in Europe which expanded after 1939.<ref name="brandon">Brandon, Laura. [http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/essays/canada_worldwar2_art_program_e.shtml "'Doing Justice to History:' Canada's Second World War Official Art Program."] CWM, 2005.</ref>

{{cquote|"The war art commissions brought intense focus to the observation of Canada's role in international conflict... A driving need for a strong national identity urged First and Second World War artists toward symbolism. While these vivid images are of a now distant past, they continue to communicate their messages to us, and so never lose their relevance."<ref name="ontario"/>}} In the Second World War, Canada expanded its official art program;<ref name="brandon"/> Canadian war artists were a kind of journalist who lived the lives of soldiers.<ref name="ontario">Art Gallery of Ontario, [http://www.ago.net/canvas-of-war "Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum,"] October 2001 – January 2002.</ref> The work of non-official civilian artists also became part of the record of this period. Canada supported Canadian official war artists in both the First World War and the Second World War; no official artists were designated during the Korean War.<ref name="cbc_korea">[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/northkorea/koreanwar.html "North Korea: The Forgotten War,"] CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Company). July 18, 2003.</ref>

Among Canada's embedded artist-journalist teams was Richard Johnson, who was sent by the ''National Post'' to Afghanistan in 2007 and 2011; his drawings of Canadian troops were published and posted online as part of the series "Kandahar Journal".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://nationalpost.com/tag/kandahar-journal/ |title=Kandahar Journal &#124; National Post |first=Richard |last=Johnson |work=nationalpost.com |access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>

Prominent themes explored by Canadian war artists include commemoration, identity, women, Indigenous representation, propaganda, protest, violence, and religion.<ref name="aci-iac.ca">{{Cite book|last=Brandon|first=Laura|url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/war-art-in-canada/key-works/home-on-furlough/|title=War Art in Canada: A Critical History|publisher=Art Canada Institute|year=2021|isbn=978-1-4871-0271-5|location=Toronto}}</ref>

'''Selected artists'''<br /> A select list of representative Canadian artists includes: {{dynamic list}}

====First World War==== * John William Beatty, 1869–1941<ref name="ontario"/> * Alexander Young Jackson CC CMG, 1882–1974<ref name="ontario"/> * Wyndham Lewis, 1882–1957 * Arthur Lismer CC, 1885–1969<ref name="ontario"/><!-- Note that photograph of William Ogilvie is positioned here for formatting reasons only --> [[File:Will Ogilvie.jpg|thumb|Capt. Will Ogilvie, Official army war artist, with some of his paintings, 9 February 1944]] * Frederick Varley, 1881–1969<ref name="ontario"/> * Mabel May, 1877-1971<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/canvas/activit/cw_wom_e.pdf |title=Women at War and as War Artists }}</ref> *Marion Long, 1882–1970<ref name="aci-iac.ca"/>

====Second World War==== * Eric Aldwinckle, 1909-1980<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ericaldwinckle.info/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090820021448/http://ericaldwinckle.info/ |url-status= usurped |archive-date= August 20, 2009 |title=Eric Aldwinckle - Nothing Uninteresting |work=ericaldwinckle.info |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> * Donald Kenneth Anderson, 1920–2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stephenmccanse.com/artistpage.php?artist_id=155 |title=Donald Kenneth Anderson, RCAF: Official War Artist |publisher=Stephenmccanse.com |access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> * Harold Beament, 1898–1985 * Alan Brockman Beddoe OC OBE HFHS FHSC, 1893–1975<ref>Library and Archives Canada (LAC), [http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/canadian_war_artists-ef/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/war-artists/05100202_e.html Alan Brockman Beddoe]</ref> * Molly Lamb Bobak CM ONB, 1922–2014&nbsp; &nbsp;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/canadian_war_artists-ef/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/war-artists/05100204_e.html |title=Molly Lamb Bobak |publisher=Epe.lac-bac.gc.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Paraskeva Clark, 1898-1986<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/artwar/artists/paraskeva-clark_e.shtml|title = WarMuseum.ca - Art and War - Canadian artist - Paraskeva Clark}}</ref> * David Alexander Colville PC CC ONS, 1920–2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/canadian_war_artists-ef/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/war-artists/05100206_e.html |title=David Alexander Colville |publisher=Epe.lac-bac.gc.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Charles Fraser Comfort OC, 1900–1994<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/canadian_war_artists-ef/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/war-artists/05100207_e.html |title=Charles Fraser Comfort |publisher=Epe.lac-bac.gc.ca |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Charles Goldhamer, 1903–1985 * Paul Goranson, 1911–2002 * Lawren P. Harris, 1910–1994 * William Abernethy Ogilvie CM MBE, 1901–1989 * George Campbell Tinning RCA, 1910-1996<ref>Library and Archives Canada (LAC), [http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/canadian_war_artists-ef/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/war-artists/0510021008_e.html]</ref> * Jack Shadbolt OC OBC, 1909–1998<ref name="ontario"/>

====Recent conflicts==== * Richard Johnson, b. 1966 *Edward Zuber, 1932–2018<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:08Sd7XsP77UJ:www.army.forces.gc.ca/caj/documents/vol_12/iss_3/CAJ_Vol12.3_14_e.pdf+edward+F+zuber&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjxKQ75h7cwnGUAR79LdwYMhiURWhkDhpZPoxur1JEZY2nI1hbUR75uJ6X8qSZj1FsjXEQWccU9JH1PdLT14_m0GpjtSMjnKlQL8i5IAP3CcXErA23RrlQ3eXnyoAa0eepELRmZ&sig=AHIEtbTXyFIsm7Ztyrz94Lj0sO5Zwo-NYw The Art of War"], ''Canadian Army Journal,'' Vol. 12.3. Winter 2010. pp. 102–103.</ref>

===Chilean=== * Nicolás Guzmán Bustamante, 1850–1928, chiefly painting the War of the Pacific and the Conquest of Chile

===Chinese=== * Li Hua * Feng Zikai

===Dutch=== [[File:Willem van de Velde, by Gerard Sibelius after Godfrey Kneller-2.jpg|thumb|Willem van de Velde the Elder (c. 1611–1693) was the official naval war artist of the Dutch Admiralties during the first two Anglo-Dutch Wars in the 17th century.]] * Willem van de Velde the Elder * Philips Wouwerman

===Finnish=== {{main|TK company}} [[File:Sotavirkailija Kari Suomalainen.jpg|thumb|right|War artist Kari Suomalainen working on a drawing during the Continuation War.]]

====World War II==== * Kari Suomalainen, 1920–1999, Finland's most famous editorial cartoonist, worked as a war artist during World War II.<ref>Suomalainen, Kari. ''Sotakuvia''. Sanoma Osakeyhtiö 1963</ref>

===Flemish=== * Vincent Adriaenssen * Pieter van Bloemen * Frans Breydel * Karel Breydel * Jasper Broers * Laureys a Castro * Nicolaas van Eyck * Frans Geffels * Robert van den Hoecke * Lambert de Hondt the Elder * Jan Baptist van der Meiren * Adam Frans van der Meulen * Pieter Meulener * Arnold Frans Rubens * Lucas Smout the Younger * Peter Snayers * Jan Snellinck * Jan Peeter Verdussen * Pieter Verdussen * Sebastiaen Vrancx * Cornelis de Wael

===French=== [[File:Eugène Chigot (1860-1923), Le port de Calais (1917) , oil, on canvas, 37 x 54 cm.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Eugène Chigot (1917), The rebuilding of partially destroyed Calais docks during the Great War.]] [[File:Salon des Armées, exhibition poster, 1916.jpg|thumb|right|upright|French war art poster by Henri Dangon, 1916. Lithograph by Imp. H. Chachoin, Paris]]

During the First World War, the work of artists depicting aspects of the military conflict were put on display in official war art exhibitions.<ref name="dangon">Library of Congress (LOC), [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3f04069 ''Salon des Armées, réservé aux artistes du front. Au profit des oeuvres de guerre. Jardin des Tuileries'' by Henri Dangon, color film slide]; [https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/99613639/ summary description]</ref> In 1916 the Ministry of Beaux-Arts and the Ministry of War sponsored the Salon des Armées to show the work of the artists who had been mobilized. This one exhibition realized 60,000 francs. The proceeds supported needy artists at home and the disabled.<ref name="dangon"/> * Hippolyte Bellangé * Nicolas Toussaint Charlet * Eugène Chigot * Edouard Detaille * Antoine-Jean Gros * Constantin Guys * Eugène Louis Lami * Louis-François, Baron Lejeune * Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier * Alphonse-Marie de Neuville * Paul Philippoteaux * Paul Alexandre Protais * Denis Auguste Marie Raffet * Carle Vernet * Horace Vernet * Antoine Watteau * Adolphe Yvon

===German=== {{Main|German official war artists}} * Emmanuel Leutze * Adolph Menzel

====Franco-Prussian War==== * Georg Bleibtreu * Wilhelm Camphausen * Emil Hünten * Carl Röchling * Anton von Werner

====First World War==== * Luitpold Adam<ref>McCloskey, Barbara. (2005). ''Artists of World War II'', p. 50.</ref> * Otto Dix * Theodor Rocholl

====Second World War==== *Luitpold Adam<ref>McCloskey, p. 50; Yenne, William P. ''German War Art, 1939–1945.''</ref> *Heinrich Amersdorffer<ref name="Klee15">Klee, Ernst: ''The Cultural Encyclopedia of the Third Reich - before and after 1945'', S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt 2007, S.&nbsp;15, reprinted 2009. {{ISBN|3596171539}}</ref> * Alfred Hierl<ref name="yenne"/> * Conrad Hommel<ref name="yenne">[http://www.ww2talk.com/forum/general/13917-ww2-german-official-war-artists.html German Official War Artists] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722235505/http://www.ww2talk.com/forum/general/13917-ww2-german-official-war-artists.html |date=2010-07-22 }}, citing ''German War Art 1939–45'' by William Yenne.</ref> * Hans Liska

====Recent conflicts==== * Frauke Eigen, b. 1969<ref name=IWM-WWA>{{cite web |url=http://london.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.24678 |title=Contemporary Conflist >> Women War Artists |publisher=Imperial War Museum London }}</ref><ref name=IWM-YouTube>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gx68n23HUg8 |title=Women War Artists: Focus on Frauke Eigen |date=20 April 2011 |publisher=Imperial War Museum channel on YouTube }}</ref>

===Japanese=== {{Main|Japanese official war artists}} * Kubota Beisen, 1852–1906<ref>Diósy, Arthur. (1900). {{Google books|NTYbAAAAYAAJ|''The New Far East,'' p. xv.|page=xv}}</ref> * Toyohara Chikanobu, 1838–1912<ref>Okamoto, Shumpei. (1983). ''Impressions of the Front: Woodcuts of the Sino Japanese War, 1894–95,'' pp. 21, 27.</ref> * Tsuguharu Foujita, 1886–1968<ref>Nussbaum, "Fujita Tsuguharu" in ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 200; McCloskey, p. 117.</ref> * Ogata Gekkō, 1859–1920<ref>Nussbaum, "Ogata Gekkō" in ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 737.</ref> * Toshihide Migita, 1862–1925<ref>Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "Migita Toshihide" in ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 628.</ref> * Utagawa Yoshiiku, 1833–1904<ref>Complutense University of Madrid, [http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/foa/exposiciones/13FloresEdo/flores_edo.htm ''Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla. Exposición "Flores de Edo: samuráis, artistas y geishas''"] 4 November 2004 – 10 January 2005.</ref>

===Korean=== * Kim Seong-hwan, 1932–2019<ref>{{Cite web |last=유선희 |date=2019-09-08 |title=시사만화가 상징 '고바우 영감' 김성환 화백 별세 |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/culture_general/908955.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=한겨레 |language=ko}}</ref>

===New Zealand=== {{Main|New Zealand official war artists}}

War artists have been appointed by the government to supplement the record of New Zealand's military history.<ref name="archivez_nz1">Archives New Zealand (Archives NZ), [http://warart.archives.govt.nz/ War Art].</ref> The title of "war artist" changed to "army artist" when Ion Brown was appointed after the two world wars.<ref name="nzartist_gauldie">New Zealand Army (NZ Army), [http://www.army.mil.nz/culture-and-history/nz-army-culture/army-artist/default.htm NZ Army Artist, Matt Gauldie].</ref>

Conservators at the National Art Gallery considered the collection to be of historic rather than artistic worth; few were displayed.<ref name="archivez_nz2">{{cite web|url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/whatiswarart |title=What is War Art |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz |date=1918-09-22 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> New Zealand's National Collection of War Art encompasses the work of artists who were working on commission for the Government as official war artists, while others created artworks for their own reasons.<ref name="archives_nz3">{{cite web|url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/biographies |title=War Art, Artist biographies |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref>

'''Selected artists'''<br /> A select list of representative New Zealand artists includes: {{dynamic list}}

====First World War==== [[File:George Edmund Butler - Bellevue Ridge.jpg|thumb|''Bellevue Ridge'', 1918 by New Zealand official war artist George Edmund Butler]] * George Edmund Butler<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/GeorgeEdmundButler |title=George Edmund Butler |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Horace Moore-Jones * Nugent Herrmann Welch

====Second World War==== * James Boswell, 1906–1971<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/JamesBoswell |title=James Boswell |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz |date=1944-05-15 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Russell Clark, 1905–1966<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/RussellClark |title=Russell Clark |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> <!-- official --> * John McIndoe, 1898–1995<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/JohnMcIndoe |title=John McIndoe |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> * Peter McIntyre OBE, 1910–1995<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter McIntyre's war art online |url=http://warart.archives.govt.nz/PeterMcIntyre |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110124602/http://warart.archives.govt.nz/PeterMcIntyre |archive-date=2007-11-10 |access-date=2012-07-15 |publisher=Warart.archives.govt.nz }}</ref>

====Recent conflicts==== * Ion Brown,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ionbrown.com/profile.php |title=Artist Profile |publisher=Ion Brown |access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> Bosnia and Croatia<ref name="nzartist_gauldie"/> * Matthew Gauldie,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mil.nz/culture-and-history/nz-army-culture/army-artist/default.htm |title=NZ Army - NZ Army Artist |publisher=Army.mil.nz |access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> Solomon Islands and Afghanistan<ref>Fisher, David. [http://www.listener.co.nz/issue/3555/features/11347/capturing_the_moment_.html "Feature: Capturing the Moment,"] ''New Zealand Listener'' (June 28 – July 4, 2008) Vol. 214, No. 3555.</ref>

===Romanian===

[[File:1917 - Ion Stoica Dumitrescu - Ultimul atac al gornistului rănit Marele Razboi.jpg|thumb|right|''The Last Attack of the Wounded Bugler'' by Ion Stoica Dumitrescu, 1917]] * Ion Stoica Dumitrescu * Nicolae Grigorescu * Carol Szathmari

===Russian=== [[File:1871 Vereshchagin Apotheose des Krieges anagoria.JPG|thumb|right|''The Apotheosis of War'' by Vasily Vereshchagin, 1871]] * Mikhail Avilov * Nikolai Baskakov * Lev Chegorovsky * Vladimir Chekalov * Aleksandr Deyneka * Nikolai Dmitriev-Orenburgsky * Rudolf Frentz * Nikolay Karazin * Aleksey Kivshenko * Victor Korovin * Alexander Kotzebue * Lev Lagorio * Viktor Poltavets * Franz Roubaud * Nikolai Samokish * Alexander Sauerweid * Nikolay Sauerweid * Vasily Vereshchagin * Bogdan Willewalde

===Serbian=== * Mihailo Milovanović, 1879–1941, one of the most distinguished artists in World War I * Veljko Stanojević, 1892–1967 * Kosta Miličević, 1877–1920 * Živorad Nastasijević, 1895–1966 * Nadežda Petrović, 1873–1915, succumbed to typhus fever in 1915 * Natalija Cvetković, 1888–1928 * Beta Vukanović, 1872–1972 * Rista Vukanović, 1873–1918, the husband Beta Vukanović * Miodrag Petrović, 1888–1950 * Todor Švrakić, 1882–1931 * Vladimir Becić, 1886–1954 * Ana Marinković, 1881–1973

===South African=== * Neville Lewis (World War II)

===Spanish=== [[File:Ferrer-Dalmau en Afganistán 2012.jpg|thumb|Spanish war artist Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau in Afghanistan (2012)]] *Francisco de Goya, e.g., ''The Disasters of War'', ''The Third of May 1808'', 1810s * Pablo Picasso, ''Guernica'', 1937. * Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau 1964<ref>:es:Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau{{Circular reference|date=February 2025}}</ref>

===United States=== {{Main|American official war artists| United States Army Art Program|United States Air Force Art Program}} [[File:Thomas C. Lea III - That Two-Thousand Yard Stare - Original.jpg|thumb|Thomas Lea's ''The 2000 Yard Stare'' published in 1945]]

The American panorama created by artists whose work focuses on war began with a visual account of the American Revolutionary War. The war artist or combat artist captures instantaneous action and conflates earlier moments of the same scene within one compelling image. Artists are unlike the objective camera lens, which records only a single instant and no more.<ref name="nhhc_combat-art">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/org6-4.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970709155211/http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/org6-4.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 9, 1997 |title=Navy Combat Art Program |publisher=History.navy.mil |date=1966-09-15 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref>

In 1917 the American military designated American official war artists who were sent to Europe to record the activities of the American Expeditionary Forces.<ref name="army_art">United States Army Center of Military History (CMH), [https://archive.today/20120805165728/http://www.history.army.mil/html/museums/art-hist.html Army Art Program History].</ref>

In World War II, the Navy Combat Art Program ensured that active-duty artists developed a record of all phases of the war and all major naval operations.<ref name="nhhc_combat-art"/>

The official war artist continued to be supported in some military engagements. Teams of soldier-artists during the Vietnam War created pictorial accounts and interpretations for the annals of army military history.<ref>{{cite web|author=Pollock |url=http://pie.midco.net/vietwarart/vietart1.html |title=U.S. Army Vietnam Combat Art Program |publisher=Pie.midco.net |access-date=2012-04-21}}</ref> In 1992 the Army Staff Artist Program was attached to the United States Army Center of Military History as a permanent part of the Museum Division's Collections Branch.<ref name="army_art"/>

thumb|left|Michael Fay is an official US Marine war artist, one of only three whose work depicts the battlefronts in Iraq and Afghanistan (2007).

The majority of combat artists of the 1970s were selected by George Gray, chairman of NACAL, Navy Air Cooperation and Liaison committee. Some of their paintings will be selected for the Navy Combat Art Museum in the capital by Charles Lawrence, director. In January 1978 the U.S. Navy chose a seascape specialist team: they asked Patricia Yaps and Wayne Dean, both of Milford, Connecticut, to capture air-sea rescue missions off of Key West while they were based at the nearby Naval Air Station Key West. They were among 78 artists selected that year to create works of art depicting Navy subjects.<ref>Oline Cogdill, Official Combat Artists; They 'Capture' the Navy, People Today, March 11, 1978</ref><ref>Andree Hickok, 2 Combat artists capture life and death on canvas, The Sunday Post Closeup F-1, July 2, 1978</ref><ref>Virginia Adams, Navy Draft Patricia Yaps as combat artist, The News-Times, July 10, 1978</ref>

'''Selected artists'''<br /> A select list of representative American artists includes: {{dynamic list}} {| style="width:100%;" |- | style="width:33%; vertical-align:top;"|

====Revolutionary War==== * Ralph Earl * John Trumbull

====American Civil War==== * Alonzo Chappel * Edwin Forbes * Gilbert Gaul * Winslow Homer * Thomas Nast * Julian Scott * Xanthus Russell Smith * Alfred Waud * William Waud

| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top;"|

====Spanish–American War==== * Howard Chandler Christy Newspaper * William Glackens Newspaper * Henry Reuterdahl Newspaper * Walter Russell Newspaper

====World War I==== * William James Aylward<ref name="army_wwi1">{{cite web |date= |title=Prints & Posters: Army Art of World War I |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/wwi1.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212013736/http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/wwi1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 12, 2012 |access-date=2012-07-15 |website=U.S. Army Center of Military History |publisher=U.S. Government}}</ref> * Walter Jack Duncan<ref name="army_wwi1"/> * Harvey Thomas Dunn<ref name="army_wwi1"/> * Kerr Eby Marines * George Matthews Harding<ref name="army_wwi1"/> * Wallace Morgan<ref name="army_wwi1"/> * Ernest Clifford Peixotto<ref name="army_wwi2">{{cite web |title=Prints & Posters: Army Art of World War I |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/wwi2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116022527/http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/wwi2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2010 |access-date=2012-07-15 |website=U.S. Army Center of Military History |publisher=U.S. Government}}</ref> * John Singer Sargent * J. Andre Smith<ref name="army_wwi2"/> * Henry Tonks<ref name="army_wwi2"/> * Harry Everett Townsend, Army<ref name="army_wwi2"/> * Claggett Wilson Army

| style="width:34%; vertical-align:top;"|

====World War II==== *Tore Asplund, 1903–1977<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pOzWUK3hhWAC |title=Who's Who in America |date=1962 |publisher=A.N. Marquis |pages=108 |language=en |chapter=Asplund, Tore |via=Google Books}}</ref> *Standish Backus, 1910–1989 *McClelland Barclay, 1891–1942<ref>{{cite web |title=Art by McClelland Barclay |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/art/exhibits/conflicts-and-operations/wwii/the-art-of-mcclelland-barclay.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Naval History and Heritage Command |publisher=U.S. Government}}</ref> *George Biddle, 1885–1973 *Aaron Bohrod, 1907–1992<ref name="brown_artists">{{Cite web |title=The Artists |url=https://www.brown.edu/Facilities/University_Library/exhibits/Artists/files/Artists.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201032808/https://www.brown.edu/Facilities/University_Library/exhibits/Artists/files/Artists.html |archive-date=2009-02-01 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Brown University }}</ref> *Howard Brodie, 1915–2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=They Drew Fire: Combat Artists of World War II - Howard Brodie |url=https://www.pbs.org/theydrewfire/artists/brodie.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=PBS}}</ref> *Manuel Bromberg, 1917–<ref>{{Cite news |last=Feied |first=Alexander |date=1945-03-18 |title=Army at War Show Opens Here Today |pages=109 |work=The San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/458588810/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> *Jack Coggins, 1914–2006<ref name="brown_artists"/> *Raymond Creekmore, 1905–1984 *John Steuart Curry, 1897–1946 *Olin Dows, 1904-1981<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-01-31 |title=United States - Army Art Collection" Olin Dows, Online Gallery Exhibit |url=https://history.army.mil/art/dows/DOWS.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214153341/http://www.history.army.mil/art/dows/DOWS.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2007 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=U.S. Army Center of Military History |publisher=U.S. Government}}</ref> *Edward Dugmore, 1915–1996<ref name="brown_artists"/> *William Franklin Draper, 1912–2003<ref>{{cite web |title=World War II Navy Art: A Vision of History: Draper |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/art/exhibits/conflicts-and-operations/wwii/a-vision-of-history/world-war-ii-navy-art-by-draper.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Naval History and Heritage Command |publisher=U.S. Government}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=They Drew Fire: Combat Artists of World War II - William Draper |url=https://www.pbs.org/theydrewfire/artists/draper.html |access-date=2012-07-15 |website=PBS |publisher=Lanker Inc.}}</ref> *Harry Jackson, 1924–2011 *Mitchell Jamieson, 1915–1976<ref>{{Cite news |date=1950-03-21 |title=Tomorrow's Artist |pages=9 |work=The Lincoln Star |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/310484975/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> *Joe Jones, 1909–1963<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harrington |first=Peter |date=Spring–Summer 2002 |title=The 1943 War Art Program |url=https://history.army.mil/armyhistory/AH55newOCR.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608095618/http://www.history.army.mil/armyhistory/AH55newOCR.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 8, 2010 |journal=Army History |issue=55 |pages=4–19}}</ref> *Yasuo Kuniyoshi, 1893–1953 *Thomas Lea, 1907–2001 * Ludwig Mactarian, 1908–1955<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bartolett |first=Gregory |title=Letter to the Editor: Artist Ludwig Mactarian conveyed the grit of a combat engineer's life |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/artist-ludwig-mactarian-conveyed-the-grit-of-a-combat-engineers-life/2014/01/26/710283fc-8367-11e3-a273-6ffd9cf9f4ba_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131170841/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/artist-ludwig-mactarian-conveyed-the-grit-of-a-combat-engineers-life/2014/01/26/710283fc-8367-11e3-a273-6ffd9cf9f4ba_story.html |archive-date=2014-01-31 }}</ref> *John McDermott, 1919–1977 *John Cullen Murphy, 1919–2004<ref name="brown_artists"/> *Albert K. Murray, 1906–1992 *Henry Varnum Poor, 1887–1970 *Henry Rushbury, 1889–1968 *Dwight Shepler, 1905–1974 *Mitchell Siporin, 1910–1976 *Sidney Simon, 1917-1997<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIDNEY SIMON |url=https://www.sidneysimon.com/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=SIDNEY SIMON |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prints & Posters - Early Years - U.S. Center of Military History |url=https://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/earlyears-print/burialatsea.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130041354/http://www.history.army.mil/html/artphoto/pripos/earlyears-print/burialatsea.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 30, 2008 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=U.S. Army Center of Military History |publisher=U.S. Government}}</ref> aka. Sid Simon,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=1949-11-07 |title=MacDill Officer Presents Painting To Army School |pages=11 |work=The Tampa Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/327585593/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> *Sam Smith, 1918-1999<ref name="WWII 50th Anniversary Exhibition">{{cite web|title=IN RECOGNITION OF WORLD WAR II VETERANS WHO SERVED AS COMBAT ARTISTS: DoD 50th Anniversary of WWII|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1995-06-27/html/CREC-1995-06-27-pt1-PgE1339-2.htm|work=the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]|publisher=Congressional Record Volume 141, Number 106 (Tuesday, June 27, 1995)|access-date=22 May 2018}}</ref> *Taro Yashima, 1908-1994<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-06-me-12261-story.html|title=Obituaries : Taro Yashima; Artist, Author Aided U.S. in World War II|date=1994-07-06|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2019-03-25|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> *Yasuo Kuniyoshi, 1889–1953<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Yasuo_Kuniyoshi/|title=Yasuo Kuniyoshi {{!}} Densho Encyclopedia|website=encyclopedia.densho.org|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref> |}

====Vietnam era==== Soldier Artist Participants in the U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program [[File:VietnamCombatArtCAT01JohnOWehrleLandingZone.jpg|thumb|''Landing Zone'' by John O. Wehrle, CAT I, 1966, Courtesy of the National Museum of the United States Army]] thumb|Sergeant Than Naing of Wounded Warrior Battalion, East, sketched by Robert William Bates, 2011 * '''CAT I''', 15 Aug – 15 Dec 1966, Roger A. Blum (Stillwell, KS), Robert C. Knight (Newark, NJ), Ronald E. Pepin (East Hartford, CT), Paul Rickert (Philadelphia, PA), Felix R. Sanchez (Fort Madison, IA), John O. Wehrle (Dallas, TX), and supervisor, Frank M. Sherman * '''CAT II''', 15 Oct 1966 – 15 Feb 1967, Augustine G. Acuna (Monterey, CA), Alexander A. Bogdanovich (Chicago, IL), Theodore E. Drendel (Naperville, IL), David M. Lavender (Houston, TX), Gary W. Porter (El Cajon, CA), and supervisor, Carolyn M. O'Brien * '''CAT III''', 16 Feb – 17 June 1967, Michael R. Crook (Sierra Madre, CA), Dennis O. McGee (Castro Valley, CA), Robert T. Myers (White Sands Missile Range, NM), Kenneth J. Scowcroft (Manassas, VA), Stephen H. Sheldon (Los Angeles, CA), and supervisor, C. Bruce Smyser * '''CAT IV''', 15 Aug – 31 Dec 1967, Samuel E. Alexander (Philadelphia, MS), Daniel T. Lopez (Fresno, CA), Burdell Moody (Mesa, AZ), James R. Pollock (Pollock, SD), Ronald A. Wilson (Alhambra, CA), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas * '''CAT V''', 1 Nov 1967 – 15 March 1968, Warren W. Buchanan (Kansas City, MO), Philip V. Garner (Dearborn, MI), Phillip W. Jones (Greensboro, NC), Don R. Schol (Denton, TX), John R. Strong (Kanehoe, HI), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas * '''CAT VI''', 1 Feb – 15 June 1968, Robert T. Coleman (Grand Rapids, MI), David N. Fairrington (Oakland, CA), John D. Kurtz IV (Wilmington, DE), Kenneth T. McDaniel (Paris, TN), Michael P. Pala (Bridgeport, CT) * '''CAT VII''', 15 Aug – 31 Dec 1968, Brian H. Clark (Huntington, NY), William E. Flaherty Jr. (Louisville, KY), William C. Harrington (Terre Haute, IN), Barry W. Johnston (Huntsville, AL), Stephen H. Randall (Des Moines, IA), and supervisor, Fitzallen N. Yow * '''CAT VIII''', 1 Feb – 15 June 1969, Edward J. Bowen (Carona Del Mar, CA), James R. Drake (Colorado Springs, CO), Roman Rakowsky (Cleveland, OH), Victory V. Reynolds (Idaho Falls, ID), Thomas B. Schubert (Chicago, IL), and supervisor, Fred B. Engel * '''CAT IX''', 1 Sept 1969 – 14 Jan 1970, David E. Graves (Lawrence, KS), James S. Hardy (Coronado, CA), William R. Hoettels (San Antonio, TX), Bruce N. Rigby (Dekalb, IL), Craig L. Stewart (Laurel, MD), and supervisor, Edward C. Williams

====Recent conflicts==== * Kristopher Battles, Iraq and Afghanistan<ref name="kino"/> * Henry Casselli<ref>Perricelli, Lynne Moss. [http://www.artistdaily.com/blogs/drawing/archive/2008/03/07/henry-casselli-drawing-from-the-inside-out.aspx "Drawing: Henry Casselli: Drawing From the Inside Out"], ''American Artist''. 7 Mar 2008.</ref> * Michael D. Fay, Iraq and Afghanistan<ref name="kino"/> * Victor Juhasz, Afghanistan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drawger.com/victorjuhasz/?article_id=13499|title = Victor Juhasz}}</ref>

==See also== * War photography * Commission (art) ** American official war artists ** Australian official war artists ** British official war artists ** Canadian official war artists ** German official war artists ** Japanese official war artists ** New Zealand official war artists

==Notes== {{Reflist|30em}}

==References== {{Refbegin|30em}} * McCloskey, Barbara. (2005). ''Artists of World War II.'' Westport: Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|9780313321535}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/475496457 OCLC 475496457] * Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301] * Okamoto, Shumpei and Donald Keene. (1983). ''Impressions of the Front: Woodcuts of the Sino Japanese War, 1894–95.'' Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/179964815 OCLC 179964815] {{Refend}}

==Further reading== {{Refbegin|30em}} * Brandon, Laura. (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=kwg9g5vc4jUC&q=art+and+war ''Art and War.''] New York: I.B. Tauris. {{ISBN|9781845112370}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225345535 OCLC 225345535] * Cork, Richard. (1994). ''A Bitter Truth: Avant-garde Art and the Great War.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|9780300057041}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/185692286 OCLC 185692286] * Foot, Michael Richard Daniel. (1990). ''Art and War: Twentieth Century Warfare as Depicted by War Artists''. London: Headline. {{ISBN|9780747202868}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21407670 OCLC 21407670] * Gallatin, Albert Eugene. (1919). ''[https://archive.org/details/artandgreatwar00gallgoog Art and the Great War].'' New York: E.P. Dutton. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/422817 OCLC 422817] * Hodgson, Pat (1977). ''The War Illustrators.'' London: Osprey. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/462210052 OCLC 462210052] * Johnson, Peter (1978). ''Front-Line Artists.'' London: Cassell. {{ISBN|9780304300112}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4412441 OCLC 4412441] * Jones, James (1975). ''WW II: a Chronicle of Soldiering''. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1617592 1617592] * Lanker, Brian and Nicole Newnham. (2000). ''They Drew Fire: Combat Artists of World War II''. New York: TV Books. {{ISBN|9781575000855}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43245885 OCLC 43245885]

'''Australia''' * Reid, John B. (1977). ''Australian Artists at War: Compiled from the Australian War Memorial Collection''. Volume 1. 1885–1925; Vol. 2 1940–1970. South Melbourne, Victoria: Sun Books. {{ISBN|9780725102548}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4035199 OCLC 4035199]

'''Canada''' * Oliver, Dean Frederick, and Laura Brandon (2000). ''Canvas of War: Painting the Canadian Experience, 1914 to 1945.'' Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. {{ISBN|9781550547726}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43283109 OCLC 43283109] * Tippett, Maria. (1984). ''Art at the Service of War: Canada, Art, and the Great War.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|9780802025418}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13858984 OCLC 13858984]

'''Germany''' * Gilkey, Gordon. ''War Art of the Third Reich.'' Bennington, Vermont: International Graphics Corporation, 1982). {{ISBN|9780865560185}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/223704492 OCLC 223704492] * Weber, John Paul. (1979). ''The German War Artists.'' Columbia, South Carolina: Cerberus. {{ISBN|9780933590007}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5727293 OCLC 5727293]

'''New Zealand''' * Haworth, Jennifer. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nWrWNAAACAAJ&q=The+Art+of+War:+New+Zealand+War+Artists+in+the+Field+1939+-+1945 ''The Art of War: New Zealand War Artists in the Field 1939–1945.''] Christchurch, New Zealand: Hazard Press. {{ISBN|9781877393242}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/174078159 OCLC 174078159]

'''South Africa''' * Carter, Albert Charles Robinson. (1900). ''The Work of War Artists in South Africa.'' London: "The Art Journal" Office. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25938498 OCLC 25938498]

'''United Kingdom''' * Gough, Paul. (2010). ''A Terrible Beauty: British Artists in the First World War.'' Bristol: Sansom and Company. {{ISBN|9781906593001}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/559763485 OCLC 559763485] * Harries, Meirion and Suzie Harries. (1983). ''The War Artists: British Official War Art of the Twentieth Century.'' London: Michael Joseph. {{ISBN|9780718123147}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9888782 OCLC 9888782] * Harrington, Peter. (1983). ''British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914.'' London: Greenhill. {{ISBN|9781853671579}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28708501 OCLC 28708501] * Haycock, David Boyd. (2009). ''A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War.'' London: Old Street Publishing. {{ISBN|9781905847846}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/318876179 OCLC 318876179] * Hichberger, J.W.M. (1988). ''Images of the Army: The Military in British Art 1815–1914''. Manchester: Manchester University Press. {{ISBN|9780719025754}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17295891 OCLC 17295891] * Sillars, Stuart (1987). ''Art and Survival in First World War Britain.'' New York: St. Martins Press. {{ISBN|9780312005443}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14932245 OCLC 14932245] *Holme, Charles. (1918). [https://archive.org/details/wardepictedbydis00holmuoft ''The War Depicted by Distinguished British Artists.''] London: The Studio. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5081170 OCLC 5081170]

'''United States''' * Cornebise, Alfred. (1991). ''Art from the trenches: America's Uniformed Artists in World War I.'' College Station: Texas A & M University Press. {{ISBN|9780890963494}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22892632 OCLC 22892632] * Harrington, Peter, and Frederic A. Sharf. (1988). ''A Splendid Little War; The Spanish–American War, 1898; The Artists' Perspective.'' London: Greenhill. {{ISBN|9781853673160}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/260112479 OCLC 260112479] * Chase Maenius. ''The Art of War[s]: Paintings of Heroes, Horrors and History''. 2014. {{ISBN|978-1320309554}} {{Refend}}

==External links== *Mémorial de Caen, [http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/peintre.html 1914–1918 war, Artists of the First World War] *Ministry of Defence (MoD), [http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/MODArtCollection/MinistryOfDefenceArtCollectionWarArtists.htm MoD art collection, war artists] *National Archives (UK), [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/ The Art of War] *[https://www.capjournal.com/news/in-a-war-torn-country-a-soldier-artist-looks-at/article_53c85cac-8fc5-11e3-9667-0019bb2963f4.html In War-torn Country a Soldier Looks at Iraq] by Lance Nixon, ''Capital Journal'', Vol 134 No. 27, 7 February 2014 pp C1-C6 *[https://www.capjournal.com/news/harvey-dunn-at-war/article_206e3c72-9543-11e3-aef4-001a4bcf887a.html Harvey Dunn at War] by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal, Vol 134 No. 32, 14 February 2014 pp C1-C6. See Harvey Dunn *[https://www.capjournal.com/community/remembering-battles-they-fought-facing-east-plains-indians-as-war/article_cfa2fbda-b0cb-11e3-8c42-001a4bcf887a.html Remembering Battles They Fought Facing East: Plains Indians as War Artists] by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal, Vol 134 No. 57 pp C1-C6 *[http://www.capjournal.com/about-light-dark-in-peace-war-a-piece-of-vietnam/article_1f060552-7f3d-11e3-931c-0019bb2963f4.html About light and dark in peace and war and a piece of Vietnam] by Lance Nixon, ''Capital Journal'' (South Dakota), 17 January 2014. *[https://www.capjournal.com/news/drawing-fire-combat-artist-relied-on-nerves-skill-to-capture/article_748be034-84b8-11e3-a97a-0019bb2963f4.html Drawing fire] by Lance Nixon, Capital Journal (South Dakota), 23 January 2014. *[https://www.capjournal.com/news/a-photograph-of-a-war-is-different-from-a-painting/article_005f2c0e-445b-11e8-96b9-3fc8f53b3e6d.html A photograph of a war is different from a painting “that’s not rocket science”] by Dave Askins, Capital Journal (South Dakota), 20 April 2018. *[https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/combat-artists-share-war-experience Combat artists share ware experiences] by Kerri Lawrence, National Archives News, 9 April 2018 *[https://www.facebook.com/usnationalarchives/videos/10156548853077994/ National Archives Facebook Combat Art Panel] *[http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/alumni_pubs/1/ US Army Soldier-Artists in Vietnam (CAT IV, 15 August to 31 December, 1967)] by James Pollock, War, Literature & the Arts: An International Journal of the Humanities, free downloadable PDF South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE repository/2009 Volume 21 *[http://listen.sdpb.org/post/dakota-midday-painter-james-pollack-and-vietnam-combat-art-program SDPB Radio Interview MIDDAY] Karl Gehrke interviews James Pollock, 10 June 2015. *[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-14260486] Barry John artist

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{{DEFAULTSORT:War Artist}} * Category:War art