Eupoecilia ambiguella

{{Short description|Species of moth}} {{Speciesbox | image = Eupoecilia ambiguella ugglan.jpg | image_caption = | taxon = Eupoecilia ambiguella | authority = (Hübner, 1796)<ref name="UKmoths"/><ref name="tortricid.net"/> | synonyms = *''Tinea ambiguella'' Hübner, [1796] *''Tinea omphaciella'' Faure-Biguet & Sionest, 1801 *''Tinea uvae'' Nenning, 1811 *''Alucita uvella'' Vallot, 1822 *''Tortrix roserana'' Frolich, 1828 *''?Tinea abigua'' Haworth, 1828 *''Lobesia omphiaciana'' Bruand, 1837 *''Tinea staphislites'' Vallot, 1838 *''Clysia turbinaris'' Meyrick, 1928 | synonyms_ref=<ref name="tortricid.net"/> }}

'''''Eupoecilia ambiguella''''', the '''vine moth'''<ref name="UKmoths"/> or '''European grape berry moth''',{{efn|names shared with ''Lobesia botrana''<ref name="Gilligan-Epstein-2011"/>}}<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/> is a Palearctic moth species of the family Tortricidae. It was first described in 1796 (as ''Tinea ambiguella'') by Jacob Hübner.<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/><ref name="tortricid.net"/> It is an economically significant grape pest species.

==Description== Most sources state the wingspan as 12–15 mm,<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/> although Zhang and Houhun instead give it as 9–15 mm.<ref name="Zhang-Houhun-2008"/>

==Distribution== The distribution range of ''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' stretches from the United Kingdom to Japan, occurring north up into Fennoscandia and south to the Mediterranean Basin.<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/><ref name="Gilligan-Epstein-2011"/><ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/> Its range overlaps in part with that of ''Lobesia botrana'', but ''E. ambiguella'' prefers colder, more humid environments than ''L. botrana'',<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/><ref name="Gilligan-Epstein-2011"/> and in shared areas may be found at a higher altitude<ref name="Gilligan-Epstein-2011"/> or co-occurring in the same vineyard.<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/>

==Host plants== The larvae are polyphagous, with more than thirty known host plants including dogwood, smooth bedstraw, blackthorn, Virginia creeper, grape and honeysuckle. According to some sources, its original host plant is common mugworth (''Artemisia vulgaris''),<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/><ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/> but according to Ioriatti, Lucchi and Varela, "grapevine is now accepted as its original host."<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/>

===Economic impact=== ''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' is a vineyard pest, and until the 1920s was the chief such pest in European vineyards.<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/> Although it has since then largely been replaced by ''Lobesia botrana'' in the southern European part of its range,<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/> it remains a major pest in Northern European and South-German wineproducing regions.

==Behaviour== ''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' generally occurs in two generations,<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/> but up to three in the southern parts of its range.<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/> Larvae of the initial generation are flower-feeders, while those of following generations feed on berries.<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012"/> Adults are most active from dusk to early morning.<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024"/>

== Notes == {{notelist}}

== References == {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Gilligan-Epstein-2011">{{cite report |last1=Gilligan |first1=T.M. |last2=Epstein |first2=M.E. |title=The European grape vine moth not found in California: ''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' (Hubner) |periodical=Plant Pest Diagnostics Center Annual Report 2010 |date=2011 |pages=32–34 |url=https://idtools.org/id/leps/tortai/Gilligan%20Epstein%202011%20PPDC%20-%20E.%20ambiguella.pdf |access-date=30 May 2024 |publisher=California Department of Agriculture |location=Sacramento, CA}}</ref>

<ref name="Ioriatti-et-al-2012">{{cite book |last1=Ioriatti |first1=Claudio |last2=Lucchi |first2=Andrea |last3=Varela |first3=Lucia G. |editor1-last=Bostanian |editor1-first=Noubar J. |editor2-last=Vincent |editor2-first=Charles |editor3-last=Isaacs |editor3-first=Rufus |title=Arthropod Management in Vineyards: Pests, Approaches, and Future Directions |date=2012 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-94-007-4032-7 |pages=339–359 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_14 |access-date=30 May 2024 |language=en |chapter=Grape Berry Moths in Western European Vineyards and Their Recent Movement into the New World|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_14 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ricciardi-et-al-2024">{{cite journal |last1=Ricciardi |first1=Renato |last2=Benelli |first2=Giovanni |last3=Di Giovanni |first3=Filippo |last4=Lucchi |first4=Andrea |title=The European grape berry moth, ''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Current knowledge and management challenges |journal=Crop Protection |date=June 2024 |volume=180 |doi=10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106641 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024CrPro.18006641R |hdl=11365/1259114 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Zhang-Houhun-2008">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Xu |last2=Li |first2=Houhun |title=Review of the Chinese species of ''Eupoecilia'' Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini) |journal=Zootaxa |date=29 January 2008 |volume=1692 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1692.1.4 |url=https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01692p068f.pdf |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="tortricid.net">{{cite web |last1=Gilligan |first1=Todd |title=''Eupoecilia'' |url=http://www.tortricidae.com/catalogueGenusList.asp?gcode=410 |website=Tortricid.net |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="UKmoths">{{cite web |title=Vine Moth ''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' |url=https://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/eupoecilia-ambiguella/ |website=UKmoths |access-date=30 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Eupoecilia ambiguella}} {{Wikispecies}} * [http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Eupoecilia_Ambiguella Lepiforum.de]

Category:Eupoecilia Category:Moths described in 1796 Category:Grape pest insects Category:Moths of Japan Category:Tortricidae of Europe Category:Lepidoptera of Turkey Category:Taxa named by Jacob Hübner