{{Short description|First-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire}} {{For|other administrative divisions in Muslim countries using variants of the word|wilayah}} [[File:Législation ottomane ou Recueil des Aristarchi-Bey Grégoire Tome2.pdf|thumb|page=271|Law of the vilayets ({{langx|fr|loi des vilayets}}; 1867), in Volume II of {{lang|fr|Legislation ottomane}}, published by Gregory Aristarchis and edited by Demetrius Nicolaides]]
A '''vilayet''' ({{langx|ota|{{linktext|ولایت|lang=ota}}}}, 'province'; {{IPA|tr|vi.laː.jet|}}), also known by various other names, was a first-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire. It was introduced in the Vilayet Law of 21 January 1867,<ref name="Birken22">{{cite book | title = Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches | series = Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients | volume = 13 | last = Birken | first = Andreas | language = de | publisher = Reichert | year = 1976 | isbn = 9783920153568 | page = 22}}</ref> part of the Tanzimat reform movement initiated by the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856. The Danube Vilayet had been specially formed in 1864 as an experiment under the leading reformer Midhat Pasha. The Vilayet Law expanded its use, but it was not until 1884 that it was applied to all of the empire's provinces.<ref name="Birken22"/> Writing for the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' in 1911, Vincent Henry Penalver Caillard claimed that the reform had intended to provide the provinces with greater amounts of local self-government but in fact centralized more power with the sultan and local Muslims at the expense of other communities.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=1 |first=Vincent Henry Penalver |last=Caillard |wstitle=Turkey|volume=27|page=428}}</ref>
{{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy|Name}}
==Names== The Ottoman Turkish ''vilayet'' ({{lang|ota|{{linktext|ولایت|lang=ota}}}}) was a loanword borrowed from Arabic ''wilāya'' ({{lang|ar|{{linktext|وِلَايَة|lang=ar}}}}), an abstract noun formed from the verb ''waliya'' ({{lang|ar|{{linktext|وَلِيَ|lang=ar}}}}, 'to administer'). In Arabic, it had meant 'province', 'region', or 'administration' as general ideas, but following the Tanzimat reforms the Ottoman term formalized it in reference to specific areas in a defined hierarchy.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.icsresources.org/content/primarysourcedocs/CommitteeReportOnMcMahonHussein.pdf |title=Report of a Committee Set Up to Consider Certain Correspondence between Sir Henry McMahon (His Majesty's High Commissioner in Egypt) and the Sharif of Mecca in 1915 and 1916 |date=2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621130433/http://www.icsresources.org/content/primarysourcedocs/CommitteeReportOnMcMahonHussein.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-21 }}, Annex A, §10. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151024004146/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4C4F7515DC39195185256CF7006F878C 2nd Source].</ref> It was borrowed into Albanian {{lang|sq|vilajet}}, Bulgarian ''vilaet'' ({{lang|bg|вилает}}),<ref>:File:Solun Newspaper 1869-03-28 in Bulgarian.jpg</ref> Judaeo-Spanish {{lang|lad|vilayet}}, and French {{lang|fr|vilaïet}} and {{lang|fr|vilayet}}, which was used as a lingua franca among the educated Jews and Christians. It was also translated into Armenian as ''gawaŕ'' ({{lang|hy|գաւառ}}), Bulgarian as ''oblast'' ({{lang|bg|област}}), Judaeo-Spanish as {{lang|lad|provinsiya}}, and Greek as ''eparchía'' ({{lang|el|επαρχία}}) and ''nomarchía'' ({{lang|el|νομαρχία}}).<ref name=Straussp4143>{{cite book |last=Strauss |first=Johann |url=https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true |year=2010 |chapter=A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the ''Kanun-ı Esasi'' and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages |editor-last=Herzog |editor-first=Christoph |editor2=Malek Sharif |title=The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy |publisher=Orient-Institut Istanbul |publication-place=Würzburg |pages=21–51 }} ([http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645 info page on book] at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 41-43 (PDF p. 43-45/338).</ref>
The early Republic of Turkey continued to use the term ''vilayet'' until it renamed them il in the late 1920s.{{when|date=September 2023}}
{{anchor|Administrative division}}
==Organization== The Ottoman Empire had already begun to modernize its administration and regularize its eyalets in the 1840s,<ref>{{cite book |last= Birken |first= Andreas |title= Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches |pages= 19–20 |language= de |publisher= Reichert |series= Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients |volume= 13 |year= 1976 |isbn= 9783920153568}}</ref> but the Vilayet Law extended this throughout the empire, regulating the hierarchy of administrative units.<ref name=Birken22/><ref name=Krikorian>{{cite book |last= Krikorian |first= Mesrob K. |title= Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire: 1860-1908 |page= 24 |publisher= Routledge |year= 2018 |isbn= 978-1351031288 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz9ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT24 |access-date= 11 February 2022}}</ref>
Each vilayet or province was governed by a vali appointed by the sultan.<ref name=Krikorian/> Acting as the sultan's representative, he was notionally the supreme head of administration in his province,<ref name=Birken2324>Birken (1976), p. 2324.</ref> subject to various caveats. Military administration was entirely separate,<ref name=Krikorian/> although the vali controlled local police.<ref name=Krikorian/> His council comprised a secretary (''mektupçu''), a comptroller (''defterdar''), a chief justice (''müfettiş-i hükkâm-ı şeriyye''), and directors of foreign affairs, public works, and agriculture and commerce,<ref name=Birken2324/> each nominated by the respective ministers<ref name=Birken2324/> in Istanbul.<ref name=Krikorian/> The ''defterdar'' in particular answered directly to the finance minister rather than the vali.<ref name=Krikorian/> A separate vilayet council was composed of four elected members, comprising two Muslims and two non-Muslims.<ref name=Birken2324/>
If the vali fell ill or was absent from the capital, he was variously replaced by the governor of the chief sanjak (''merkez sancak'') near the capital,<ref name=Birken2324/> the ''muavin'', and the ''defterdar''.<ref name=Krikorian/> A similar structure was replicated in the lower hierarchical levels, with executive and advisory councils drawn from the local administrators and—following long-established practice—the heads of the millets, the various local religious communities.<ref name=Birken2324/>
The ''Vilayet Law'' (1864) saw a general reorganization, with the hierarchy vilayet—sanjak—kaza—nahiye, the vilayet administrated by the ''Vali'' under whose authority was the ''mutasarrif'' of the sanjak appointed by the Sultan, the ''kaymakam'' of the ''kaza'' appointed by the Interior Ministry, the ''mudür'' of the ''nahiye'', the ''muhtar'' of the village.<ref>{{cite book|last=Çetinsaya|first=Gökhan|title=The Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890-1908|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=978-1-134-29494-7|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ottoman_Administration_of_Iraq_1890/Vc5_AgAAQBAJ|p=22}}</ref>
==Lists== ===1870s=== Vilayets, sanjaks and autonomies in the mid-1870s:<ref name=pavet>{{cite book|last=Abel Pavet de Courteille|author-link=Abel Pavet de Courteille|title=État présent de l'empire ottoman|year=1876|publisher=J. Dumaine|pages=91–96|url=https://archive.org/stream/tatprsentdelemp00courgoog#page/n104/mode/2up|language=fr}}</ref> {{div col}} * Constantinople Vilayet * Adrianople Vilayet: sanjaks of Adrianople (Edirne), Tekirdağ, Gelibolu, Filibe, Sliven. * Danube Vilayet: sanjaks of Ruse, Varna, Vidin, Tulcea, Turnovo, Sofia, Niš. * Bosnia Vilayet: sanjaks of Bosna-Serai, Zvornik, Banja Luka, Travnik, Bebkèh, Novi Pazar. * Vilayet of Herzegovina: sanjaks of Mostar, Gacko. * Salonica Vilayet: sanjaks of Salonica, Serres, Drama. * Janina Vilayet: sanjaks of Ioannina, Tirhala, Ohrid, Preveze, Berat. * Monastir Vilayet: sanjaks of Manastir (now Bitola), Prizren, Üsküb, Dibra. * Scutari Vilayet: sanjak of Scutari. * Vilayet of the Archipelago: sanjaks of Rhodes, Midilli, Sakız, Kos, Cyprus. * Vilayet of Crete: sanjaks of Chania, Rethymno, Candia, Sfakia, Lasithi. * Vilayet of Hudavendigar: sanjaks of Bursa, Izmid, Karasi, Karahisar-i-Sarip, Kütahya. * Vilayet of Aidin: sanjaks of Smyrna (now İzmir), Aydın, Saruhan, Menteşe. * Vilayet of Angora: sanjaks of Angora (now Ankara), Yozgat, Kayseri, Kırşehir. * Vilayet of Konya: sanjaks of Konya, Teke, Hamid, Niğde, Burdur. * Vilayet of Kastamonu: sanjaks of Kastamonu, Boli, Sinop, Çankırı. * Kosovo Vilayet * Vilayet of Trebizond: sanjaks of Trebizond (Trabzon), Gümüşhane, Batumi, Canik. * Vilayet of Sivas: sanjaks of Sivas, Amasya, Karahisar-ı Şarki. * Vilayet of Erzurum: sanjaks of Erzurum, Tchaldir, Bayezit, Kars, Mouch, Erzincan, Van. * Vilayet of Diyarbekir: sanjaks of Diyarbakır, Mamuret-ul-Aziz, Mardin, Siirt, Malatya. * Vilayet of Adana: sanjaks of Adana, Kozan, İçel, Paias. * Vilayet of Syria: sanjaks of Damascus, Hama, Beirut, Tripoli, Hauran, Akka, Belka, Kudus-i-Cherif (Jerusalem). * Vilayet of Aleppo: sanjaks of Aleppo, Maraş, Urfa, Zor. * Vilayet of Baghdad: sanjaks of Baghdad, Mosul, Sharazor, Sulaymaniyah, Dialim, Kerbela, Helleh, Amara. * Vilayet of Basra: sanjaks of Basra, Muntafiq, Najd, Hejaz. * Emirate of Mecca: Mecca, Medina. * Vilayet of Yemen: sanjaks of Sana'a, Hudaydah, Asir, Ta'izz. * Vilayet of Tripolitania: sanjaks of Tripoli, Bengazi, Khoms, Djebal gharbiyeh, Fezzan. * Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate * Principality of Samos * Mount Athos (part of the Sanjak of Salonica) {{div col end}}
===1905=== thumb|Table of Ottoman Administrative Divisions, 1905 By 1905, the Ottoman Empire had lost administrative control over Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, Crete and Cyprus, even though these were all still under nominal Ottoman sovereignty, as was Egypt. In this list, the numbering and place names are indicated as in the French-language source, with present-day names in parentheses where different:<ref>{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/manueldedroitpu00heidgoog/page/n2/mode/2up |title=Manuel de droit public et administratif de l'Empire ottoman |author=Adolf Heidborn |date=1908 |publisher=C.W. Stern}}</ref> {{div col}} # Hedjâz (Hejaz): Sanjaks of Mediné (Medina) and Djiddé (Jeddah) # Yemen: Sanjaks of Sanaa, Hodeïda (Hodeidah), Assir (Asir), and Ta'az (Taiz) # Basra: Sanjaks of Basra, Muntefik (Al-Muntafiq), Nedjed (Najd), and Amara (Amarah) # Bagdâd: Sanjaks of Bagdâd (Baghdad), Divaniyé (Al Diwaniyah), and Kerbela (Karbala) # Mossoul: Sanjaks of Mossoul (Mosul), Kerkouk (Kirkuk), and Souleïmaniyé (Sulaymaniyah) # Haleb: Sanjaks of Haleb (Aleppo), Ourfa (Urfa), and Marach (Kahramanmaraş) # Syria: Sanjaks of Damas (Damascus), Hama, Hauran, and Kerak (Al-Karak) # Beirout: Sanjaks of Beirout (Beirut), Akka (Acre), Taraboulus (Tripoli in Lebanon), Lazakiyé (Latakia), and Nablous (Nablus) # Tripoli: Sanjaks of Taraboulous (Tripoli in Libya), Khams (Al-Khums), Djebel (Jabal al Gharbi), and Fezzân # Khoudavendiguiâr: Sanjaks of Brousse (Bursa), Ertoġroul (Bilecik), Kutahia (Kütahya), Kara Hissâr (Afyonkarahisar), and Karassi (Balıkesir) # Konia: Sanjaks of Konia (Konya), Nigdé (Niğde), Bodroûm (Bodrum), Hamid Abâd (Isparta), and Tekké (Antalya) # Angora: Sanjaks of Angora (Ankara), Jozgâd (Yozgat), Kaissarié (Kayseri), Kirchehir (Kırşehir), and Tchoroûm (Çorum) # Aïdin: Sanjaks of Smyrne (İzmir), Saroukhan (Manisa), Aïdin (Aydın), Menteché (Muğla), and Denizli # Adana: Sanjaks of Adana, Mersina (Mersin), Djebel-i-Bereket (Yarpuz), Kozân, and Itchili (Silifke) # Kastamouni: Sanjaks of Kastamouni (Kastamonu), Boli (Bolu), Kengri (Çankırı), and Sinob (Sinop) # Sivâs: Sanjaks of Sivâs, Amassia (Amasya), Kara Hissar Charki (Şebinkarahisar), and Tokad (Tokat) # Diarbekir: Sanjaks of Diarbekir (Diyarbakır), Mardin, and Ergana Madeni (Maden) # Bitlis: Sanjaks of Bitlis, Mouch (Muş), Saïrd (Siirt), and Guentch (Genç) # Erzeroum: Sanjaks of Erzeroûm (Erzurum), Erzindjân (Erzincan), Bayézid (Doğubayazıt), and Khinis (Hınıs) # Mamouret ul-Azîz: Sanjaks of Mamouret ul-Azîz / Kharpoût (Elazığ), Malatia (Malatya), and Dersîm (Tunceli) # Van: Sanjaks of Van and Hakiari (Hakkâri) # Trébizonde: Sanjaks of Tarabizon (Trabzon), Djanik (Samsun), Lazistan (Rize), Gumuchkhané (Gümüşhane) # Archipel (Aegean Sea): Sanjaks of Rhodos (Rhodes), Midilli (Mytilene), Chios, and Lemnos # Andrinople: Sanjaks of Andrinople (Edirne), Gumuldjina (Komotini), Kirkkilissé (Kırklareli), Dedeaġatch (Alexandroupolis), Tekfoûr Daġy / Rodosto (Tekirdağ), and Galipoli (Gelibolu) # Salonique: Sanjaks of Selanik (Thessaloniki), Siros (Serres), Drama, and Thasos # Kossovo: Sanjaks of Uskub (Skopje), Prichtina (Pristina), Senidjé (Sjenica), Ipek (Peja), Tachildjé (Pljevlja), and Prizren # Janina: Sanjaks of Janina (Ioannina), Ergueri / Argyrokastro (Gjirokastër), Preveza, and Berat # Skutari: Sanjaks of Skutari (Shkodër) and Dratch / Durazzo (Durrës) # Monastir: Sanjaks of Monastir (Bitola), Serfidjé (Servia), Dibré (Debar), Elbassan (Elbasan), and Koritza (Korçë) {{div col end}}
The same document added Jerusalem, Bengazi, Zor, Izmid, Biġa, and {{ill|Çatalca Sanjak{{!}}Tchataldja|tr|Çatalca Sancağı}} as independent departments, but did not mention the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate and Principality of Samos, both self-administered under a leader appointed by the Ottoman government. The Sharifate of Mecca was another special case, coexisting with the Hejaz vilayet without being subordinate to it.
===1917=== Vilayets and independent sanjaks in 1917:<ref name="rm39">[https://archive.org/stream/handbookofasiami01greauoft#page/226 A handbook of Asia Minor] Published 1919 by Naval staff, Intelligence dept. in London. Page 226</ref>
Vilayets included: {{div col}} * Vilayet of Constantinople * Vilayet of Adrianople * Vilayet of Adana * Vilayet of Angora * Vilayet of Aidin * Vilayet of Baghdad * Vilayet of Basra * Vilayet of Beirut * Vilayet of Bitlis * Vilayet of Aleppo * Vilayet of Bursa * Vilayet of Diarbekr * Vilayet of Erzurum * Vilayet of Syria * Vilayet of Sivas * Vilayet of Trebizond * Vilayet of Kastamuni * Vilayet of Konia * Vilayet of Mamuret ul-Aziz * Vilayet of Mosul * Vilayet of Van {{div col end}}
Independent sanjaks included: {{div col}} * Sanjak of Eskishehir * Sanjak of Urfa * Sanjak of Izmid * Sanjak of Ichili * Sanjak of Boli * Sanjak of Teke * Sanjak of Janyk * Sanjak of Chatalja * Sanjak of Zor * Sanjak of Kara Hissar Sahib * Sanjak of Karasi * Sanjak of Dardanelles * Sanjak of Kaisari * Sanjak of Kutahia * Sanjak of Marash * Sanjak of Menteshe * Sanjak of Nigde {{div col end}}
Vassal states and autonomous provinces: {{div col}} * Eastern Rumelia (Rumeli-i Şarkî): autonomous province (Vilayet in Turkish) (1878–1885); unified with Bulgaria in 1885 * Sanjak of Benghazi (Bingazi Sancağı): autonomous sanjak. Formerly in the vilayet of Tripoli, but after 1875 dependent directly on the ministry of the interior at Constantinople.<ref name="1911-Bengazi">{{EB1911 |inline=1 |first=David George |last=Hogarth |wstitle=Bengazi |volume=3 |page=736}}</ref> * Sanjak of Biga (Biga Sancağı) (also called Kale-i Sultaniye) (autonomous sanjak, not a vilayet) * Sanjak of Çatalca (Çatalca Sancağı) (autonomous sanjak, not a vilayet) * Cyprus (Kıbrıs) (island with special status) (Kıbrıs Adası) * Khedivate of Egypt (Mısır) (autonomous khedivate, not a vilayet) (Mısır Hidivliği) * Sanjak of Izmit (İzmid Sancağı) (autonomous sanjak, not a vilayet) * Mutasarrifyya/Sanjak of Jerusalem (Kudüs-i Şerif Mutasarrıflığı): independent and directly linked to the Minister of the Interior in view of its importance to the three major monotheistic religions.<ref name="ala">[https://archive.org/stream/PalestineAModernHistory/PMH Palestine; A Modern History (1978)] by Adulwahab Al Kayyali. Page 1</ref> *Sharifate of Mecca (Mekke Şerifliği) (autonomous sharifate, not a vilayet) *Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate (Cebel-i Lübnan Mutasarrıflığı): sanjak or mutessariflik, dependent directly on the Porte.<ref name="1911-Lebanon">{{EB1911|inline=1|first=Albert |last=Socin |first2=David George |last2=Hogarth |wstitle=Lebanon|volume=16|page=348}}</ref> *Principality of Samos (Sisam Beyliği) (island with special status) *Tunis Eyalet (Tunus Eyaleti) (autonomous eyalet, ruled by hereditary beys) {{div col end}}
===1927=== The early Turkish Republic had 63 vilayet in the 1927 Turkish census:
{{Div col}} # Ankara vilayet # Istanbul vilayet # Artvin vilayet # Edirne vilayet # Ertuğrul (Bilecik) vilayet # Erzurum vilayet # Ordu vilayet # Erzincan vilayet # Izmir vilayet # Eskişehir vilayet # Adana vilayet # Afyonkarahisar vilayet # Aksaray vilayet # Elaziz vilayet # Amasya vilayet # Antalya vilayet # Urfa vilayet # Aydın vilayet # Içel vilayet # Bayezid vilayet # Bitlis vilayet # Bursa vilayet # Bozok vilayet # Bolu vilayet # Burdur vilayet # Tekirdağ vilayet # Tokat vilayet # Canik vilayet # Cebel-i Bereket vilayet # Çankırı vilayet # Çanakkale vilayet # Çorum vilayet # Hakkâri vilayet # Hamîdâbâd vilayet # Denizli vilayet # Diyarbekir vilayet # Rize vilayet # Zonguldak vilayet # Siirt vilayet # Sinop vilayet # Sivas vilayet # Saruhan vilayet # Trabzon vilayet # Gazi Ayıntab (Gaziantep) vilayet # Kars vilayet # Kırklareli vilayet # Karahisâr-ı Şarkî (Şebinkarahisar) vilayet # Karesi (Balıkesir) vilayet # Kastamonu vilayet # Kırşehir vilayet # Kayseri vilayet # Kocaeli vilayet # Konya vilayet # Kütahya vilayet # Gümüşhane vilayet # Giresun vilayet # Mardin vilayet # Mersin vilayet # Maraş vilayet # Menteşe (Muğla) vilayet # Malatya vilayet # Niğde vilayet # Van vilayet {{Div col end}}
==Maps== <gallery> File:Turkey in Europe and Greece.jpg|Vilayets of Europe in 1870 File:Gray's New Map of the Countries Surrounding the Black Sea Comprising European Turkey, Southern Russia, Asia Minor, Etc. (inset) The Bosphorus and Vicinity. Copyright, 1877, by O.W. Gray & Son.jpg|Vilayets in 1877 File:Turkey in Europe. (with) The Bosporus & Constantinople. (with) Crete or Candia. By Keith Johnston, F.R.S.E. Keith Johnston's General Atlas. Engraved, Printed, and Published by W. & A.K. Johnston, Edinburgh & London.jpg|Vilayets of Europe in 1893 File:Rand, McNally & Co.'s new 14 x 21 map of Turkey in Asia, Asia Minor. Copyright 1895, by Rand, McNally & Co. (Chicago, 1897).jpg|Vilayets of Asia in 1897 File:Turkey in Asia, 1903.jpg|Vilayets of Asia in 1909 File:Turkey in Europe and the Balkans, 1910.jpg|Vilayets of Europe in 1910 File:W. & A.K. Johnston. Asia Minor. 1911.jpg|Vilayets of Asia in 1911 </gallery>
==See also== * Provinces of Turkey * Six Vilayets, the Armenian vilayets of the empire * Vilayet Law
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{cite book|title=Sur la nouvelle division de l'Empire en gouvernements généraux formés sous le nom de Vilayets|author=Sublime Porte|author-link=Sublime Porte|place=Constantinople|date=1867}}<!--From Strauss, "Constitution", p. 26 (PDF p. 28)--> - About the Law of the Vilayets
==External links== * [https://archive.org/stream/corpsdedroitott01turkgoog#page/n66/mode/2up Vilayet Law of 1864, official translation to French] pp. 36–45, in Young, George, ''Corps de droit ottoman; recueil des codes, lois, règlements, ordonnances et actes les plus importants du droit intérieur, et d'études sur le droit coutumier de l'Empire ottoman'', Volume 1, 1905.<!--The book was reviewed here: https://www.jstor.org/stable/549456 --> * [http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/php/pdf_pager.php?filename=%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fanemi-portal%2Fmetadata%2F6%2F2%2Fd%2Fattached-metadata-145-0000048%2F143914_02.pdf&rec=%2Fmetadata%2F6%2F2%2Fd%2Fmetadata-145-0000048.tkl&do=143914_02.pdf&width=341&height=538&pagestart=1&maxpage=466&lang=el&pageno=275&pagenotop=275&pagenobottom=273 Vilayet Law of 1867, in French], in ''Législation ottomane'', published by Gregory Aristarchis and edited by Demetrius Nicolaides, Volume 2<!--As the filename is "143914_02.pdf", and https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/6/2/d/metadata-145-0000048.tkl says that matches Volume 2-->
{{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Arabic words and phrases * Category:Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire Category:Former types of subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina Category:Types of administrative division