Valorphin

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'''Valorphin''', also known as '''VV-hemorphin-5''', is a naturally occurring, endogenous opioid heptapeptide of the hemorphin family with the amino acid sequence H-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-OH (VVYPWTQ).<ref name="pmid2860596">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maurer R, Römer D, Büscher HH, Gähwiler BH, Thies PW, David S | title = Valorphin: a novel chemical structure with opioid activity | journal = Neuropeptides | volume = 5 | issue = 4–6 | pages = 387–90 |date=February 1985 | pmid = 2860596 | doi = 10.1016/0143-4179(85)90035-6| s2cid = 46078832 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1356941">{{cite journal |vauthors=Erchegyi J, Kastin AJ, Zadina JE, Qiu XD | title = Isolation of a heptapeptide Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln (valorphin) with some opiate activity | journal = International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 477–84 |date=June 1992 | pmid = 1356941 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb00277.x}}</ref><ref name="pmid12084521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blishchenko EY, Sazonova OV, Kalinina OA, etal | title = Family of hemorphins: co-relations between amino acid sequences and effects in cell cultures | journal = Peptides | volume = 23 | issue = 5 | pages = 903–10 |date=May 2002 | pmid = 12084521 | doi = 10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00017-7| s2cid = 44834813 }}</ref> It is produced in the body via proteolyic cleavage of residues 33-39 of the β-chain of hemoglobin.<ref name="pmid1356941" /><ref name="pmid12212807">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blishchenko E, Sazonova O, Surovoy A, etal | title = Antiproliferative action of valorphin in cell cultures | journal = Journal of Peptide Science | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = 438–52 |date=August 2002 | pmid = 12212807 | doi = 10.1002/psc.402 | s2cid = 46177846 }}</ref> Valorphin binds preferentially to the μ-opioid receptor and produces effects such as analgesia and self-administration in animals.<ref name="pmid2860596" /><ref name="pmid1356941" /> It also possesses cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against tumor cells,<ref name="pmid12084521" /><ref name="pmid12212807" /><ref name="pmid9114456">{{cite journal |author1=Blishchenko EYu |author2=Mernenko OA |author3=Mirkina II | title = Tumor cell cytolysis mediated by valorphin, an opioid-like fragment of hemoglobin beta-chain | journal = Peptides | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 79–85 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9114456 | doi = 10.1016/S0196-9781(96)00248-3|s2cid=11332853 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="pmid15662114">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blishchenko EY, Sazonova OV, Kalinina OA, etal | title = Antitumor effect of valorphin in vitro and in vivo: combined action with cytostatic drugs | journal = Cancer Biology & Therapy | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 118–24 |date=January 2005 | pmid = 15662114 | doi = 10.4161/cbt.4.1.1474| url = http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/cbt/abstract.php?id=1474| doi-access = free }}</ref> the mediation of which, because they are reversed by naloxone, appears to be dependent on the opioid receptors.<ref name="pmid9114456" />

== See also == * Hemorphin

== References == {{Reflist|2}}

Category:Opioid peptides