{{Short description|Sumerian word for Divine council}} [[File:Ak gal-ukkin.jpg|thumb|The name "Akka" appears in the Stele of Ushumgal, as ''Ak gal-ukkin'', "Ak ''gal-ukkin'' (Great Assembly) official". It has been suggested this could refer to Aga of Kish himself.<ref name="DF65">{{cite book |last1=Frayne |first1=Douglas |title=The Struggle for Hegemony in "Early Dynastic II" Sumer |pages=65–66 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4032059 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CDLI-Found Texts |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&ObjectID=P220620 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}</ref>]] '''Ukkin''' (UKKIN) is the Sumerian word or symbol for assembly, temple council or Divine council, written ideographically with the cuneiform sign 𒌺 (Borger 2003 nr. 73, encoded by Unicode at code point U+1233A).<ref name="Black2000">{{cite book|author=Jeremy A. Black|title=A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qIuVCsRb98C&pg=PA278|access-date=6 October 2012|year=2000|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-04264-2|pages=278–}}</ref><ref name="Albright1968">{{cite book|author=William Foxwell Albright|title=Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan: A Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa2AMXzHUAwC&pg=PA192|access-date=6 October 2012|year=1968|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-0-931464-01-0|pages=192–}}</ref>
In Akkadian it is transliterated as '''Puḫru''' or '''Puḫrum''' and was used in the context of "public assembly", of both Gods and people with the ultimate meaning of a "totality" of living things. A council of the gods specifically is referred to in Akkadian as '''Puḫru Ilani''' or '''Puḫur Ilani'''.<ref name="Boiy2004">{{cite book|author=T. Boiy|title=Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1frplXFGf4sC&pg=PA202|access-date=6 October 2012|year=2004|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1449-0|pages=202–}}</ref><ref name="Ringgren2003">{{cite book|author=Helmer Ringgren|title=Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW8XieaBETIC&pg=PA548|access-date=6 October 2012|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-2336-6|pages=548–}}</ref> The word was later adopted into Aramaic.<ref name="Ringgren2003"/> In Hittite language it is transliterated as '''Pankuš''' or '''Tuyila'''.<ref name="McConvilleMöller2007">{{cite book|author1=J. G. McConville|author2=Karl Möller|title=Reading the Law: Studies in Honour of Gordon J. Wenham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipUKbxg6dkIC&pg=PA99|access-date=6 October 2012|date=15 November 2007|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-567-02642-2|pages=99–}}</ref> In the Hellenistic era the word '''Kiništu''' was used and it found an equivalent in the word '''Qāhāl''' in other ancient languages.<ref name="Boiy2004"/><ref name="Ringgren2003"/>
H. Zimmern noted that the Babylonian New Year feast was also called puhru and connected this with the modern day Jewish holiday of Purim.<ref name="Paton2000">{{cite book|author=Lewis Bayles Paton|author-link=Lewis B. Paton|title=Esther|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EySmXMiCmQC&pg=PA91|access-date=6 October 2012|date=6 December 2000|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-567-05009-0|pages=91–}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ukkim}}
Category:Mesopotamian deities Category:Sumerian words and phrases Category:Mesopotamian mythology Category:Cuneiform determinatives
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