{{Short description|Korean bamboo flute}} {{Italic title}}{{Infobox Korean name |hangul=퉁소 |hanja={{linktext|洞|簫}} |rr=tungso, tongso |mr=t'ungso, t'ongso |image=Tungso (퉁소).jpg}} thumb|250px|right The '''''tungso''''' ({{Korean|hangul=퉁소}}; sometimes '''''tongso''''', transliteration of its Chinese name of ''dòngxiāo'') is a Korean notched, end-blown vertical bamboo flute used in Korean traditional music.<ref>{{cite web |title= 퉁소 (translation: Tongsaw)|url= http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=238663&v=43 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503092550/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=238663&v=43 |archive-date=3 May 2012}}</ref> It is similar to the ''danso'', but longer and larger.<ref>[http://www.ncktpa.go.kr/eng/aboutg/pdf/45.pdf NCKTPA]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}</ref> The hanja tong (洞) was used to describe the shape of the instrument that resembles a long cave.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.donga.com/news/Culture/article/all/20061120/8374929/1 | title=[한자 이야기]洞 | date=20 November 2006 }}</ref>
The instrument is parallel to the Chinese ''xiao'', and equivalent to its variant, ''dongxiao'', and the Japanese name is ''shakuhachi''. A distinctive feature of the ''tungso'', unlike other vertical flutes is that it may have a buzzing membrane, similar to that of the Korean transverse flute, the ''daegeum''. This is especially common in the folk variety of the instrument.
The ''tungso'' is a vertical flute made of thick, aged bamboo. Until the mid-Joseon period, ''tungso'' had been used mainly in court music, but by the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century, it became a more widely used instrument. Today, it is played in accompaniment to masked dances like the ''Bukcheong sajanoreum''.
The tongso is made thicker and larger than ''danso'', and the length is 55 cm and the inner diameter is 2 cm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=퉁소(洞簫)|url=http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/SearchNavi?keyword=%ED%89%81%EC%86%8C&ridx=0&tot=13|access-date=2021-05-04|website=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture}}</ref>
==Use== Like the ''daegeum'', there is a special hole called ''cheonggong'' covered with a thin membrane made of reed between the breathing mouth and the hole, which produces a vibrating sound. The tungso was also played as court music, but is rarely played now.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2011 |title=yanggeum & Tungso (양금, 퉁소) |url=https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=e&menu_cate=culture&id=&board_seq=42160 |website=KBS World}}</ref>
==See also== *Bamboo musical instruments *Danso *Traditional music of Korea *Quena *Traditional Korean musical instruments
==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:End-blown flutes Category:Korean musical instruments Category:Bamboo musical instruments
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