Trinitramide

{{Chembox | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 405508799 | ImageFileL1 = trinitramide.svg | ImageFileL1_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageSizeL1 = 121 | ImageAltL1 = Structural formula of trinitramide | ImageFileR1 = Trinitramide-3D-spacefill.png | ImageSizeR1 = 121 | ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model of trinitramide | IUPACName = ''N'',''N''-Dinitronitramide | OtherNames = {{ubl|Trinitroamine|Trinitroammonia}} | SystematicName =  |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 113282-38-5 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | ChemSpiderID = 24751851 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | PubChem = 57459337 | SMILES = O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O | SMILES1 = N([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] | StdInChI = 1S/N4O6/c5-2(6)1(3(7)8)4(9)10 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = LZLKDWBQTGTOQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}}} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = {{chem2|N(NO2)3}} | N=4 | O=6}} | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | OtherCompounds = {{ubl|Ammonia|Nitramide|Dinitramide|Dinitrogen pentoxide|Tetranitromethane|Nitroformate}} }} }} '''Trinitramide''' is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen with the molecular formula {{chem2|N(NO2)3|auto=1}}. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden.<ref name=Rahm>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/anie.201007047 | pmid=21268214 | volume=50 | issue=5 | title=Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3 | year=2010 | journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition | pages=1145–1148 | author=Rahm Martin| s2cid=32952729}}</ref> It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to three nitro groups ({{chem2|\sNO2}}).

Earlier, there had been speculation{{By whom|date=January 2011}} whether trinitramide could exist.{{Request quotation|date=January 2011}} Theoretical calculations by Montgomery and Michels in 1993 showed that the compound was likely to be stable.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Structure and stability of trinitramide |author=J. A. Montgomery Jr. |author2=H. H. Michels |name-list-style=amp |journal=Journal of Physical Chemistry |volume= 97 |issue=26 |pages=6774–6775 |date=July 1993 |doi=10.1021/j100128a005}}</ref>

== Preparation == Trinitramide is prepared by the nitration reaction of either potassium dinitramide or ammonium dinitramide with nitronium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile at low temperatures.<ref name="Rahm" />

:{{chem2|[NH4]+[N(NO2)2]− + [NO2]+[BF4]− → N(NO2)3 + [[Ammonium tetrafluoroborate|[NH4]+[BF4]−]]}}

== Uses == Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of rocket propellant oxidizers, as it is chlorine-free.<ref name=sd20101222>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101222071831.htm Discovery of New Molecule Could Lead to More Efficient Rocket Fuel], ''Science Daily'', 2010-12-22, accessed 2011-01-03.</ref> This is potentially an important development, because the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation implies that even small improvements in specific impulse yields a similar change in delta-v, which can make large improvements in the size of practical rocket launch payloads. The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 percent better than most existing formulations,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/January/07011103.asp | title=New molecule could propel rockets}}</ref> however the specific impulse (impulse per mass) of formulations with liquid oxygen is higher.<ref name=Rahm/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Nitrogen oxides Category:Rocket oxidizers Category:Spacecraft propulsion Category:Nitroamines