Trimming (computer programming)

In computer programming, '''trimming''' ('''trim''') or '''stripping''' ('''strip''') is a string manipulation in which leading and trailing whitespace is removed from a string.

For example, the string (enclosed by apostrophes)

after trimming changes to

==Variants==

===Left or right trimming===

The most popular variants of the trim function strip only the beginning or end of the string. Typically named '''ltrim''' and '''rtrim''' respectively, or in the case of Python: '''lstrip''' and '''rstrip'''. C# uses '''TrimStart''' and '''TrimEnd''', and Common Lisp '''string-left-trim''' and '''string-right-trim'''. Pascal and Java do not have these variants built-in, although Object Pascal (Delphi) has '''TrimLeft''' and '''TrimRight''' functions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/rtl/sysutils/trim.html |title=Trim |publisher=Freepascal.org |date=2013-02-02 |access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Whitespace character list parameterization===

Many trim functions have an optional parameter to specify a list of characters to trim, instead of the default whitespace characters. For example, PHP and Python allow this optional parameter, while Pascal and Java do not. With Common Lisp's <code>string-trim</code> function, the parameter (called ''character-bag'') is required. The C++ Boost library defines space characters according to locale, as well as offering variants with a predicate parameter (a functor) to select which characters are trimmed.

===Special empty string return value===

An uncommon variant of trim returns a special result if no characters remain after the trim operation. For example, Apache Jakarta's '''StringUtils''' has a function called <code>stripToNull</code> which returns <code>null</code> in place of an empty string.

===Space normalization===

Space normalization is a related string manipulation where in addition to removing surrounding whitespace, any sequence of whitespace characters within the string is replaced with a single space. Space normalization is performed by the function named <code>Trim()</code> in spreadsheet applications (including Excel, Calc, Gnumeric, and Google Docs), and by the <code>normalize-space()</code> function in XSLT and XPath,

===In-place trimming===

While most algorithms return a new (trimmed) string, some alter the original string in-place. Notably, the Boost library allows either in-place trimming or a trimmed copy to be returned.

==Definition of whitespace== The characters which are considered whitespace varies between programming languages and implementations. For example, C traditionally only counts space, tab, line feed, and carriage return characters, while languages which support Unicode typically include all Unicode space characters. Some implementations also include ASCII control codes (non-printing characters) along with whitespace characters.

Java's trim method considers ASCII spaces and control codes as whitespace, contrasting with the Java <code>isWhitespace()</code> method,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/lang/Character.html#isWhitespace(char) |title=Character (Java 2 Platform SE 5.0) |publisher=Java.sun.com |access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref> which recognizes all Unicode space characters.

Delphi's Trim function considers characters U+0000 (NULL) through U+0020 (SPACE) to be whitespace.

=== Non-space blanks === The Braille Patterns Unicode block contains {{unichar|2800|Braille pattern blank|html=}}, a Braille pattern with no dots raised. The Unicode standard explicitly states that it does not act as a space.

The Non-breaking space {{unichar|00A0|NO-BREAK SPACE|html=}} can also be treated as non-space for trimming purposes.

==Usage== {{Main|Comparison of programming languages (string functions)#trim}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.4/TclCmd/string.htm#M46 Tcl: string trim] *[https://blog.stevenlevithan.com/archives/faster-trim-javascript Faster JavaScript Trim] - compares various JavaScript trim implementations *[http://webwidetutor.com/php/PHP-Change-String-value-behaviour-or-look-?id=8 php string cut and trimming]- php string cut and trimming

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