{{Short description|Yugoslav partisan cap}} thumb|The triglavka or Triglav cap was part of the Yugoslav Partisan uniform in Croatia, Slovenia and western Bosnia. The type with a long edge at the back was the most practical and the majority of the specimens preserved are of this type. The '''triglavka''' or '''Triglav cap''' (in Slovenia) or the '''partizanka''' or '''Partizan cap''' (in Croatia)<ref name="Martinčič1990">{{cite book |url=http://www2.arnes.si/~poklubajs6/slovenski_partizan/slovenski_partizan.pdf |title=Slovenski partizan: orožje, obleka in oprema slovenskih partizanov |language=sl, en|trans-title=Slovene Partisan: Weapons, Clothing and Equipment of Slovene Partisans |last=Martinčič |first=Vanja |year=1990 |publisher=Museum of People's Revolution |id={{COBISS|ID=17009408}} |pages=44–45, 50–52}}</ref> is a side cap that was a part of the Yugoslav Partisan uniform in Croatia, Slovenia and western Bosnia.<ref name="Vukšić2003">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLix5hc4WRgC&q=%22triglav+cap%22+partisan&pg=PA21 |title=Tito's Partisans 1941–45 |last=Vukšić |first=Velimir |date=July 2003 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-675-1 |page=21}}</ref> There, it was the most characteristic part of Partisan clothing.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /> Despite its common name in Slovenia, the cap's design was not inspired by Mount Triglav, but was a copy of a cap design used by soldiers of the Spanish Republican faction. The first Yugoslav models were made in the second half of 1941 in Zagreb by the Communist Party activist Dobrila Jurić for Vladimir Popović and Otmar Kreačić, former fighters in the International Brigades, and organizers of the Croatian Liberation Front.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /> In occupied Yugoslavia, the cap originated in use among Croatian Partisans in western Yugoslavia,<ref name="Vukšić2003" /> but quickly spread through the Partisan movement, particularly among Slovene Partisans.
The triglavkas were very diverse.<ref name="Luštek1958" /> In general, there existed four versions of the cap.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /> Initially, they had three prongs, with the two in front and in the back about {{convert|10|cm}} high, and the middle one {{convert|14|cm}} high or somewhat lower.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /><ref name="Luštek1958" /> The second version had an about {{convert|6|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} upward bent edge at the back.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /><ref name="Luštek1958" /> The third version had the same form as the second, with a shield added at the front.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /> The third version had the edge at the back long enough to be crossed at the top and pinned with a button to the cap.<ref name="Martinčič1990" /><ref name="Luštek1958" /> It was very practical, as it allowed for the edge to be rolled down and pinned under the chin, protecting the Partisan against wind and cold.<ref name="Luštek1958" /> Many of triglavkas were bordered with a red ribbon.<ref name="Luštek1958" />
In Slovene Lands, partizankas appeared for the first time in March 1942.<ref name="Luštek1958">{{cite book |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/73908601/1958 |chapter=Nekaj zunanjih znakov partizanstva |language=sl, fr |last=Luštek |first=Miroslav |trans-chapter=Some External Signs of the Partisan Movement |title=Letopis muzeja narodne osvoboditve 1958 |trans-title=The Yearbook of the Museum of the National Liberation 1958 |volume=II |editor=Bevc, Milan. |access-date=22 February 2012 |publisher=Museum of the National Liberation of the People's Republic of Slovenia |id={{COBISS|ID=172143}} |display-editors=etal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033946/http://www.scribd.com/doc/73908601/1958 |archive-date=15 May 2013 }}</ref> They were at first worn by the 3rd Group of Detachments, where they were prescribed with a decree.<ref name="Luštek1958"/> Then they spread to the Lower Carniola and the White Carniola. in the Upper Carniola, they appeared in late first half of 1942, and in the Slovene Styria, in July 1942.<ref name="Luštek1958" /> in the Littoral, they appeared in the second half of 1942.<ref name="Luštek1958" />
Triglavkas were the initial and the most characteristic element of the uniform of the Slovene Partisans.<ref name="Luštek1958" /> They were renamed to triglavkas after Mount Triglav, literary meaning "three heads", associated with three major Slavic gods.<ref name="Debeljak2004" /> As the ascent on Triglav via its northern face was connected with the competition between Slovenes and Germans in the 19th century, the triglavka symbolically captured the primary drive for the Slovene resistance to the Fascist and Nazi armies, a national liberation.<ref name="Debeljak2004">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-VrRWU6n8EC&q=triglavka+cap&pg=PA57 |title=Alter Ego: Twenty Confronting Views on the European Experience |chapter=Dreaming of Friends, Living with Foes |last1=Debeljak |first1=Aleš |last2=Snel |first2=Guido |isbn=90-5356-688-0 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |year=2004 |page=57}}</ref> Since June 1943, it was quickly replaced with the titovka,<ref name="Luštek1958" /> particularly after a decree about caps in April 1944.<ref name="Luštek1958" /> Few specimens have been preserved, the majority of them being of the third type.<ref name="Luštek1958" /> Of the first type, only one specimen has been preserved, and of the second type, none have been preserved.<ref name="Luštek1958" />
The partisans treated their caps with reverence. According to Savo Zlatić, losing one's cap was considered a disgrace on par with losing one's weapon.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prva godina narodnooslobodilačkog rata na području: Karlovca, Korduna, Gline, Like, Gorskog Kotara, Pokuplja i Žumberka|editor-last=Zatezalo|editor-first=Đuro|year=1971|location=Karlovac|publisher=Historijski arhiv|last=Zlatić|first=Savo|author-link=Savo Zlatić|chapter=Uz stranice partizanskog dnevnika godine 1941-1942.|quote=Na kraju sam skicu poderao i počeo pisati listajući stranice svog medicinskog partizanskog dnevnika koji sam čuvao isto tako kao i oružje i kao partizansku kapu (jer nije bilo veće sramote od gubitka oružja ili partizanske kape) i pronio ga neoštećena kroz sve godine oslobodilačke borbe.}}</ref>
Triglavka was used as a cue for the article ''Triglav from under Triglavka'' ({{langx|sl|Triglav izpod Triglavke}}), written by France Avčin, a Partisan and the first post-war president of the Alpine Association of Slovenia. It was published in 1980 in ''Planinski Vestnik'' ("Alpine Gazette").<ref name="Avčin1980">{{Cite news|url=http://www.planinskivestnik.com/files/File/PV_1980_03.pdf |language=sl |title=Triglav izpod Triglavke |trans-title=Triglav from under the Triglavka |journal=Planinski vestnik [Mountaineering Gazette] |year=1980 |publisher=Planinska zveza Slovenije [Alpine Association of Slovenia] |issn=0350-4344 |last=Avčin |first=France |volume=LXXX |issue=3 |pages=143–145}}</ref>
==See also== * Titovka
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Hats}}
Category:Yugoslav Partisans Category:Military hats Category:Slovene Partisans Category:Caps