Train driver

{{Short description|Operator of a railway train}} {{Redirect|Railroad engineer|people who design railway infrastructure|Railway engineering}} {{Not to be confused with|Conductor (rail)}} {{Infobox occupation | name = Train driver | synonyms = | pronounce = | image = DSB train driver in 1987.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = DSB train driver in 1987 | official_names = | type = Engine occupation | activity_sector = Rail transport | competencies =Operating locomotive, multiple unit train, tram, or other rail transport vehicle | formation = | employment_field = | related_occupation =Fireman, secondman }} [[File:Czech locomotive driver.jpg|thumb|Czech steam locomotive driver]] [[File:Outback train 3 E.jpg|thumb|The cab of a New South Wales Xplorer diesel multiple unit]] [[File:Führerstand 411.jpg|thumb|Inside the train driver's cab of a German ICE train]] thumb|upright|Women railway shunters, England, {{circa|1915}}–1920 A '''train driver''' is a person who operates a train, railcar, or other rail transport vehicle. The driver is in charge of and responsible for the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all train handling (also known as brake handling). Train drivers must follow specific guidelines to drive a train safely.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McLeod |first1=Ronald W. |last2=Moray |first2=Neville |last3=Walker |first3=Guy H. |title=Analysing and modelling train driver performance |url=http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1431/1/Analysing_and_modelling_train_driver_performance_McLeod_et_al.pdf |journal=Applied Ergonomics |year=2005 |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=671–680 |doi=10.1016/j.apergo.2005.05.006 |pmid=16095554 |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>

== Naming == British English terms for a train driver include '''engine driver''', '''engineman''', and '''locomotive driver'''. The term in North American English is '''railroad engineer''',<ref>{{cite web |title=What Does a Railroad Engineer Do |url=https://learn.org/articles/What_Does_a_Railroad_Engineer_Do.html |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=learn.org}}</ref> but the simpler term '''engineer''' is more commonly used. Terms for a train driver in other English dialects include '''locomotive handler''', '''locomotive engineer''', '''locomotive operator''', '''train operator''', and '''motorman'''. In American English, a '''hostler''' (also known as a '''switcher''') moves engines around rail yards, but does not take them out on the main line tracks; the British English equivalent is a '''shunter'''.

== Career progression == For many American railroads, the following career progression is typical: assistant conductor (brakeman), train conductor, and finally the engineer. For many years, the fireman was next in line to be an engineer, but that classification has been eliminated. In the US, engineers are required to be certified and must then be re-certified every two to three years.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/49cfr240_03.html| title=2003 CFR Title 49, Volume 4; Part 240: Qualification and Certification of Locomotive Engineers| publisher=United States National Archives and Records Administration| work=Code of Federal Regulations| access-date=2007-11-14}}</ref>

The traditional career progression in the United Kingdom (for steam locomotives) was engine cleaner, passed engine cleaner (i.e., the employee has passed the assessment for fireman), fireman, passed fireman (i.e., passed the assessment for driver), and driver. Michael Reynolds, locomotive inspector of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, proposed a system of locomotive driving certificates to stimulate improvements in service and competence.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reynolds |first1=Michael |title=Locomotive-Engine Driving |date=January 1878 |publisher=Crosby Lockwood & Company |location=Ludgate Hill, UK |page=190 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QToDAAAAQAAJ&q=Certificate&pg=PA157 |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref> However, no such system was ever universally adopted by the railways of the UK.

In India, a driver starts as a diesel assistant (or electrical assistant for electric locomotives). They then get promoted on a scale: goods, passenger, mail express, and the Rajdhani, Shatabdi, and Duronto express services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-ops.html#crew |title=Railway Operations – I |at=Train Crew |website=IRFCA.org |publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club |date=2010 |access-date=2021-08-05 }}</ref>

The British transport historian Christian Wolmar wrote in October 2013 that train operators employed by the Rio Tinto Group to transport iron ore across the Australian outback were likely to be the highest-paid members of the occupation in the world at that time.<ref>{{cite news |first=Elisabeth |last=Behrmann |date=3 October 2013 |title=Rio Replacing Train Drivers Paid Like U.S. Surgeons |newspaper=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-02/rio-replacing-train-drivers-paid-like-u-s-surgeons.html |access-date=3 October 2013 }}</ref>

== Notable train drivers ==  * Ben Chifley, former Prime Minister of Australia<ref>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Waterson|first1=D.B.|title=Chifley, Joseph Benedict (Ben) (1885–1951)|id2=chifley-joseph-benedict-ben-9738|access-date=2015-09-06}}</ref> * Christine Gonzalez, first female driver for a Class 1 railroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/news/local/2017/03/14/us-first-woman-train-engineer-speaks-las-cruces/99192054/|title=US' First Woman Train Engineer Speaks in Las Cruces|last=López|first=Carlos Andres|date=14 March 2017|website=Las Cruces Sun-News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327235142/https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/news/local/2017/03/14/us-first-woman-train-engineer-speaks-las-cruces/99192054/|archive-date=27 March 2019|access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref> * Karen Harrison, first female train driver in the UK. * Casey Jones, American engineer whose wreck on the Illinois Central Railroad on April 30, 1900, was immortalized in verse and music.

== See also == * Conductor * Fireman * Motorman * Secondman

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == * {{Cite book |last=Huibregtse |first=Jon R. |title=American Railroad Labor and the Genesis of the New Deal, 1919–1935 |publisher=University Press of Florida |date=2010}} * {{Cite book |last=Licht |first=Walter |title=Working for the Railroad: The Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/workingforrailro0000lich |url-access=registration |date=1983|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691047003 }} * {{Cite book |last=Orr |first=John W. |title=Set Up Running: The Life of a Pennsylvania Railroad Engineman, 1904–1949 |date=2001}} * {{Cite thesis |last=Tuck |first=Joseph Hugh |title=Canadian Railways and the International Brotherhoods: Labour Organizations in the Railway Running Trades in Canada, 1865–1914 |publisher=Dissertation Abstracts International |date=1977 |volume=37 |issue=10 |page=6681}}

The following examines the role of the railroad engineer from 1890 to 1919, discussing qualifications for becoming an engineer and typical experiences on the job: * {{Cite journal |last=White |first=John H. Jr. |author-link=John H. White Jr. |title=Oh, To Be a Locomotive Engineer, Part 1: Once It Was Every Boy's Ambition |journal=Railroad History |volume=189 |date=Fall–Winter 2003 |issue=189 |pages=12–33 |jstor=43504848}} * {{Cite journal |last=White |first=John H. Jr. |title=Oh, To Be a Locomotive Engineer, Part 2: More About the Lives of Eagle-Eyes Famous, Infamous, and Forgotten |journal=Railroad History |volume=190 |date=Spring–Summer 2004 |pages=56–77 |jstor=43524273}} Wilson David C Forward! The Revolution in the Lives of the Footplatemen 1962–1996 Published by Suttons ISBN 0-7509-1144-1

== External links == {{Commons category|Railroad engineers}} * [http://www.traindriver.org/ TrainDriver.org] – A detailed explanation of what train driving involves, and becoming a train driver in the UK

Category:Train drivers Driver