{{Short description|Family of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Mummichog.jpg | image_caption = Mummichog<br />''Fundulus heteroclitus'' | taxon = Fundulidae | authority = Günther, 1866<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = see text }}
'''Fundulidae''' is the family of '''topminnows''' and North American '''killifishes'''.<ref name = Fishbase/>
==Distribution== The 46 species are native to North America as far south as Yucatan, and to the islands of Bermuda and Cuba, occurring in both freshwater and marine environments.
==Description== Most members of the family are small. While the giant killifish (''Fundulus grandissimus'') and northern studfish (''Fundulus catenatus'') can reach {{convert|20|cm|abbr=on}} in length, most species are under 10 cm in length.
The distinguishing characteristic of the family is the maxillary bone, which is twisted instead of being straight.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=374 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |accessdate=2019-09-22 |archivedate=2019-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |url-status=deviated }}</ref>
While many species of the Fundulidae are listed as not threatened, there are some that are listed as endangered because of their environment. Many common species of the Fundulidae live in North America such as the United States and Mexico. They live in different ecosystem such as costal marshes, lagoons, rivers, streams with high elevations with clear water, and muddy conditions at lower elevation. They are able to adapt to different conditions which is increasing their survival rate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lozano-Vilano |first1=M. L. |last2=De La Maza-Benignos |first2=M. |date=January 2017 |title=Diversity and status of Mexican killifishes: Mexican killifishes |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.13186 |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |language=en |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=3–38 |doi=10.1111/jfb.13186|pmid=27785814 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ruiz-Campos |first=Gorgonio |date=2000-09-01 |title=Threatened Fishes of the World: Fundulus lima Vaillant, 1894 (Fundulidae) |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007617406694 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=20 |doi=10.1023/A:1007617406694 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59...20R |s2cid=2943262 |issn=1573-5133|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Genera== There are three genera in the family Fundulidae:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase family|family=Fundulidae|month=April|year=2019}}</ref>
* ''Fundulus'' <small>Lacepède 1803</small> * ''Leptolucania'' <small>Myers, 1924</small> * ''Lucania'' <small>Girard, 1859</small>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131812}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Fundulidae Category:Percomorpha families Category:Fish of North America Category:Fish of the Caribbean Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther
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