Tin triphosphide

{{Chembox | Name = Tin triphosphide | ImageFile1 = 16293-ICSD.png | ImageSize1 = 200px | ImageFile2 = | ImageSize2 = 200px | IUPACName = | PIN = | OtherNames = |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 37367-13-8 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | ChemSpiderID = | ChEBI = | EINECS = | Gmelin = | PubChem = | StdInChI=1S/P6.2Sn/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1;;/q-6;+2;+4 | StdInChIKey=XGCQQRBUMQDXAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | SMILES = [Sn+2].[Sn+4].[P-]1=[P-][P-]=[P-][P-]=[P-]1 }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Sn=1 | P=3 | Appearance = black solid | Density = 4.25 g/cm³ | MeltingPtC = 580 | BoilingPtC = | Solubility = insoluble }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | GHS_ref = | GHSPictograms = | GHSSignalWord = | HPhrases = | PPhrases = }} |Section6={{Chembox Related | OtherCompounds = }} }} '''Tin triphosphide''' is a binary inorganic compound of tin metal and phosphorus with the chemical formula {{chem2|SnP3}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jacobson |first1=Carl Alfred |last2=Hampel |first2=Clifford A. |title=Encyclopedia of Chemical Reactions |date=1946 |publisher=Reinhold Publishing Corporation |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXYMAQAAIAAJ&q=tin+triphosphide+snp3 |access-date=28 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Structure== thumb|left|Close up on the structure of SnP₃, highlighting the bonding around P (violet) and Sn (gray). X-ray crystallography reveals that tin triphosphide is not a triphosphide. It is a hexaphosphide, with P₆^6- rings. These ruffled P₆ rings form three short (2.66 Å) and three long (2.95 Å) Sn-P bonds. The result is that Sn(II) adopts highly distorted octahedral geometry. The structure of tin triphosphide resembles that of gray arsenic, which also features corrugated, linked six-membered (As₆) rings, wherein each arsenic atom has a highly distorted octahedral geometry. Germanium triphosphide and tin triphosphide are similar structurally as well.

Tin triphosphide forms triclinic crystals, spatial group ''R3m'' with six formula units in a unit cell of dimensions a = 7.378 Å and c = 10.512 Å.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gullman |first1=Jan |last2=Olofsson |first2=Olle |title=The crystal structure of SnP₃ and a note on the crystal structure of GeP₃ |journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry |date=1 November 1972 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=441–445 |doi=10.1016/0022-4596(72)90091-6 |bibcode=1972JSSCh...5..441G |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022459672900916 |access-date=28 March 2024 |issn=0022-4596|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=mp-7541: SnP3 (trigonal, R-3m, 166) |url=https://legacy.materialsproject.org/materials/mp-7541/ |publisher=Materials Project |access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref>

== Preparation and occurrence== Tin triphosphide can be formed from the fusion of stoichiometric amounts of both elements at 580 °C: :{{chem2|4 Sn + 3 P4 → 4 SnP3}}

{{chem2|SnP3}} has been evaluated for use in energy storage devices.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Miaomiao |last2=Yang |first2=Bingchao |last3=Sun |first3=Xiujie |last4=Wang |first4=Zhixiu |last5=Jiang |first5=Xingang |last6=Yi |first6=Wencai |last7=Sun |first7=Hairui |last8=Yang |first8=Ruilong |last9=Ding |first9=Hao |last10=Yue |first10=Dongdong |last11=Zhai |first11=Kun |last12=Li |first12=Yueqing |last13=Chen |first13=Xin |last14=Zhang |first14=Yongsheng |last15=Liu |first15=Xiaobing |title=High-Quality 2D SnP₃ Nanosheets: Novel Flexible Electrode for Energy Storage Device Application with Wide Temperature Adaptivity |journal=ACS Materials Letters |date=1 January 2024 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=194–202 |doi=10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01438 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01438 |access-date=28 March 2024 |language=en |issn=2639-4979|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Related compounds== *SnP, which has the sodium chloride structure.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/ic50084a032 |title=Synthesis, Structure, and Superconducting Properties of New High-Pressure Forms of Tin Phosphide |date=1970 |last1=Donohue |first1=Paul C. |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=335–337 }}</ref> *Sn₄P₃<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-1659 |title=On the Crystal Structure of Sn₄P₃ |date=1967 |last1=Olofsson |first1=Olle |last2=Jerslev |first2=Bodil |last3=Thom |first3=Erling |last4=Stoll |first4=E. |last5=Eriksson |first5=G. |last6=Blinc |first6=R. |last7=Paušak |first7=S. |last8=Ehrenberg |first8=L. |last9=Dumanović |first9=J. |journal=Acta Chemica Scandinavica |volume=21 |pages=1659–1660 }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{Phosphorus compounds}} {{Tin compounds}} {{Phosphides}}

Category:Tin compounds Category:Phosphides Category:Trigonal crystals