{{Short description|Neck muscle that depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx}} {{Infobox muscle | Name = Thyrohyoid muscle | Latin = musculus thyrohyoideus | Image = Thyrohyoid muscle.PNG | Caption = Muscles of the neck. Lateral view. (Thyrohyoideus labeled center-left.) | Image2 = Thyrohyoideus.png | Caption2 = Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. (Thyrohyoideus visible center-left.) | Origin = Thyroid cartilage of the larynx | Insertion = Hyoid bone | Action = Elevates thyroid and depresses the hyoid bone | Blood = Superior thyroid artery | Nerve = First cervical nerve (C1) via hypoglossal nerve }} The '''thyrohyoid muscle''' is a small skeletal muscle of the neck. Above, it attaches onto the greater cornu of the hyoid bone; below, it attaches onto the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage. It is innervated by fibres derived from the cervical spinal nerve 1 that run with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) to reach this muscle. The thyrohyoid muscle depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx during swallowing. By controlling the position and shape of the larynx, it aids in making sound.
== Structure == The thyrohyoid muscle is a small,<ref name=":2245">{{Cite book |last=Standring |first=Susan |title=Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7020-7707-4 |edition=42th |location=New York |pages=582 |oclc=1201341621}}</ref> broad and short muscle.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy S. |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= Elsevier Australia|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=337}}</ref> It is quadrilateral in shape.<ref name=":2245" /> It may be considered a superior-ward continuation of sternothyroid muscle.<ref name=":2245" />
It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group and the outer laryngeal muscle group.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Sobotta Anatomy Textbook: English Edition with Latin Nomenclature |publisher=Elsevier |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-7020-6760-0 |editor-last=Waschke |editor-first=Jens |edition=1st |location=München |pages= |editor-last2=Böckers |editor-first2=Tobias M. |editor-last3=Paulsen |editor-first3=Friedrich |editor-last4=Arnold |editor-first4=Wolfgang |editor-last5=Bechmann |editor-first5=Ingo}}</ref>{{Rp|page=|pages=567–568}}
=== Attachments === Its superior attachment{{refn|Described as either the origin or as the insertion.|group=note}}<ref name=":2245" /> is the inferior border<ref name=":2245" /> of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone<ref name=":022" /><ref name=":2245" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}} and adjacent portions of the body of hyoid bone.<ref name=":2245" />
Its inferior attachment{{refn|Described as either the origin or as the insertion.|group=note}}<ref name=":2245" /> is the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage (alongside the sternothyroid muscle<ref name=":2245" />).<ref name=":022" /><ref name=":2245" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}}
=== Innervation === The thyrohyoid muscle is innervated (along with the geniohyoid muscle<ref name=":2245"/><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=457, 709}}) by a branch of the cervical plexus<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ramus thyrohyoideus ansae cervicalis |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ramus+thyrohyoideus+ansae+cervicalis |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}} - the nerve to thyrohyoid muscle (thyrohyoid branch of ansa cervicalis)<ref name=":1" /> - which is formed by fibres of the cervical spinal nerve 1 (C1)<ref name=":2245" /><ref name=":022" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}} (and - according to some sources - cervical spinal nerve 2 as well<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=457}}) that join and travel with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)<ref name=":022" /> before splitting away from it<ref name=":2245" /><ref name=":022" /> distal to the superior root of ansa cervicalis.<ref name=":2245" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=709}} The thyrohyoid muscle is the only infrahyoid muscle that is not innervated via the ansa cervicalis.<ref name=":2245"/>
=== Blood supply === The muscle is provided with arterial blood by branches of the superior thyroid artery, and of the lingual artery.<ref name=":2245"/>
=== Relations === The thyrohyoid muscle forms the inferior boundary of the carotid triangle.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Luna |first1=Mario A. |title=Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck |last2=Pfaltz |first2=Madeleine |publisher=Saunders |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4377-1951-2 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia |pages=839–881 |language=en |chapter=11 - Cysts of the Neck, Unknown Primary Tumor, and Neck Dissection |doi=10.1016/B978-1-4160-2589-4.00011-5 |oclc=460904310}}</ref> It is situated deep to (beneath) the (depending upon the source) superior portion of<ref name=":022" />/superior belly of<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}} the sternohyoid muscle,<ref name=":022" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}} and the superior portion of<ref name=":022" /> the omohyoid muscle.<ref name=":022" /><ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}}
== Function == The thyrohyoid muscle depresses and fixates the hyoid bone. It elevates the larynx during swallowing.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=538}} By controlling the position and shape of the larynx, it aids in making sound.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hage|first=Steffen R.|title=Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience|publisher=Academic Press|others=Stefan Brudzynski|year=2010|isbn=978-0-12-374593-4|location=London|pages=339–349|language=en|chapter=8.3 - Neuronal networks involved in the generation of vocalization|volume=19 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-374593-4.00032-2|issn=1569-7339|oclc=528610774}}</ref>
== Additional images == {{Cleanup-gallery anatomy|date=May 2015}}<gallery> File:Gray186.png|Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged. File:Gray560.png|The veins of the thyroid gland. File:Gray794.png|Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. File:Gray808.png|The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front. File:Gray957.png|Side view of the larynx, showing muscular attachments. File:Slide8e.JPG|Thyrohyoid muscle </gallery>
== See also == * Muscular triangle * Thyrohyoid membrane
==Notes== {{Reflist|group=note}}
== References == {{Gray's}} {{reflist}}
== External links == * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|25|03|01|06}} * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|25|10|01|05}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html|title=Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1|work= Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator|publisher= Elsevier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226040726/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html|archive-date=2015-02-26}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050804024427/http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/musclehead.html#thyrohyoid PTCentral]
{{Muscles_of_neck}} {{Portal bar|Anatomy}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Muscles of the head and neck