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'''Thioxanthene''' is a chemical compound in which the oxygen atom in xanthene is replaced with a sulfur atom. It is also related to phenothiazine. Several of its derivatives are used as typical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses.
== Derivatives ==
The derivatives of thioxanthene used clinically as antipsychotics include:
* Chlorprothixene (Cloxan, Taractan, Truxal) * Clopenthixol (Sordinol) * Flupenthixol (Depixol, Fluanxol) * Thiothixene (Navane) * Zuclopenthixol (Cisordinol, Clopixol, Acuphase)
The therapeutic efficacy of these drugs is related to their ability to antagonize the D<sub>2</sub> receptors in the brain, though they have actions at other sites such as serotonin, adrenaline, and histamine receptors as well which mostly contribute to side effects.
The thioxanthenes, as a class, are closely related chemically to the phenothiazines. The major structural difference is that the nitrogen at position 10 in the phenothiazines is replaced by a carbon atom with a double bond to the side chain.<ref>''Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics''</ref> This difference is noted in the illustration of flupenthixol, which shows a double-bonded carbon in the number 10 position (opposite the sulfur molecule in the central chain).
== References == {{Reflist|2}}
== External links == * {{MeshName|Thioxanthenes}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020613121659/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202564.html MedlinePlus]
{{Antipsychotics}} {{Antiemetics}} {{Sedatives}} {{Adrenergics}} {{Dopaminergics}} {{Histaminergics}} {{Serotonergics}} {{Tricyclics}}
Category:Thioxanthenes