{{Short description|French tenor drum}} {{About|the musical form and the old French drum, both called the '''tambourin'''|the percussion instrument with a similar name in English|Tambourine|the court game|Tamburello}} thumb|The tambourin de Provence. [[File:Tambourinaires_d'Aix_dont_un_tambourin_en_cuivre.jpg|thumb|Tambourin players in the early 1900s in Aix-en-Provence]] The '''tambourin''' ({{langx|oc|tamborin}}) is a low-pitched tenor drum of the French region of Provence, which has also lent its name to a Provençal dance accompanied by lively duple meter music.<ref name="Ewen">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Ewen|first=David|article=Tambourin|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Concerto Music|publisher=Hill and Wang|year=1959|location=New York|page=505}}</ref> The dance is so named because the music imitates the drum (''tambour'' being a generic French term for "drum"), usually as a repetitive not-very-melodic figure in the bass.
==Description==
A deep, two-headed drum of Arabic origin, called the ''tambourin [de Provence]'', is mentioned as early as the 1080s and noted as the "tabor" in the Chanson de Roland. This type of instrument, commonly found in the Provence region of France, is played by a musician who wears the drum on a strap hanging from the player's left arm and elbow. The player strikes the drum head with a beater held in the right hand, and plays a little pipe with their left hand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tambourin - French|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/501588|access-date=2021-11-30|website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref> The combination of the tambourin, played together with a small flute, known as the galoubet or flaviol, forms a Provençal pipe and tabor.
==Dance==
Jean-Philippe Rameau included tambourins in many of his operas, such as ''Platée'', ''Les Indes galantes'', and ''Les fêtes d'Hébé''. The last gained more fame in a keyboard arrangement from the E minor suite of his ''Pièces de Clavecin''.<ref name=Ewen /> The tambourin was popular throughout the 18th century and can be found in Handel's ''Alcina'' and Gluck's ''Iphigénie en Aulide'', among others.<ref name=Ewen />
== Instrumental music == Jean-Marie Leclair used a tambourin as the last movement of his [https://vmirror.imslp.org/files/imglnks/usimg/c/cf/IMSLP112635-PMLP28635-Leclair_Sonata_3_ThULB.pdf Sonata for Violin, Op. 9, No. 3]. This sonata is often mistakenly referred to as "Le Tombeau", which is actually his violin sonata in C minor, Op. 5, No. 6.
== Gallery == <gallery> File:2023 Fête des Gardians007.jpg|Modern tambourin players in 2023 File:Cylindrical drum (tambourin), Provence region, France, early 1800s, walnut, maple, calfskin - Casadesus Collection of Historic Musical Instruments - Boston Symphony Orchestra - 20180113 192027.jpg|Early 1800s tambourin in color </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}}
Category:Baroque dance Category:European folk dances Category:Drums Category:Dance forms in classical music Category:Provence
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