Tabi'un

{{Short description|Successors of the Sahaba in Islam}} {{islam}} The '''{{translit|ar|tābiʿūn}}''' ({{langx|ar|اَلتَّابِعُونَ}}, {{gloss|followers}} or {{gloss|successors}}, {{small|also accusative or genitive}} '''{{translit|ar|tābiʿīn}}''' {{lang|ar|اَلتَّابِعِينَ}}, {{small|singular}} {{translit|ar|tābiʿ}} {{lang|ar|تَابِعٌ}}) are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions ({{translit|ar|ṣaḥāba}}) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand.<ref name="Glasse-NEI-443">{{cite book|last1=Glasse|first1=Cyril|title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam|date=2001|publisher=Altamira|isbn=0-7591-0189-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/443 443]|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/443}}</ref> A {{translit|ar|tābiʿ}} knew at least one {{translit|ar|ṣaḥābī}}.<ref name="ODI-301">{{cite book|last1=Esposito|first1=John L.|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=301}}</ref> As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate.

The next generation of Muslims after the {{translit|ar|tabiʿūn}} are called the {{translit|ar|tābiʿ at-tābiʿīn}} {{lang|ar|تَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ}}. The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the {{translit|ar|salaf}} {{lang|ar|سَلَفُ}} of Islam.

==Sunni definition== Muslims from the Sunni branch of Islam define a ''tābiʿ'' as a Muslim who: # Saw at least one of the companions of Muhammad # Was rightly-guided (''ar-rāšidūn'') # One who died in that state. The Khawarij are therefore not referred to as tābiʿūn even though they saw many of Muhammad's companions.

Sunni Muslims also regard the tābiʿūn as the best generation after the companions. According to Sunni Muslims, Muhammad said: "The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them, and then those coming after (the second generation)"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/048.sbt.html#003.048.819 |title=CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts |website=www.usc.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205123512/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/048.sbt.html |archive-date=2008-12-05}}</ref>

The tābiʿūn are divided by most Muslim scholars into three classes:<ref name="Hadith Literature">{{cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Muhammad|title=Hadith Literature|url= https://asimiqbal2nd.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/hadithliterature1of2.pdf|year=1993|publisher=The Islamic Texts Society|location=Oxford|isbn=0946621381|pages=29}}</ref> # The students of companions who accepted Islam before the conquest of Mecca # The students of companions who accepted Islam after the conquest of Mecca # The students of companions who were not yet adults at the time of Muhammad's passing

==List of tābiʿūn== The first tābiʿ to die was Zayd ibn Ma'mar ibn Zayd, 30 years after the hijra, and the last to die was Khalaf ibn Khalifa, who died in 180 AH. Alternatively, since the status of Khalaf ibn Khalifa as a tābiʿ is strongly challenged by reputed scholars, the last to die from amongst them may have been Jarir bin Haazim in 170 AH. Therefore, many of the tābiʿūn were tasked with the preservation of Islamic traditions from the era of the companions to later Muslims.<ref name="Hadith Literature" /> * Aban ibn Uthman * Abbad ibn Abd Allah az-Zubair * Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah * Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i * Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla al-Kindi (d. 701), transmitter of traditions on Ali and the companions, joined the uprising of Ibn al-Ash'ath and killed at the Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim.<ref>{{cite book | last = Morony | first = Michael G. | title = Iraq after the Muslim Conquest | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, New Jersey | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-691-05395-2 | pages = 435, 467}}</ref> * Abu Muslim al-Khawlani * Abu Hanifa (80 - 150 A.H.)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFZsBgAAQBAJ|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|last=Meri|first=Josef W.|date=October 31, 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135456030|page=5|language=en|quote=Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally “the successors,”which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet}}</ref><ref>Öncü Sûfîlerden Fudayl b.‘Iyâd’ın (öl. 187/802) İlmî Şahsiyeti." Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185. "..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir.."</ref> * Ahnaf ibn Qais<ref name="MSA"/> * Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin * Alqama ibn Qays * Amr ibn Uthman * Amir al-Sha'bi * Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. 106 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/> * Hammam ibn Munabbih * Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (d. 100 A.H.) * Hasan al-Basri (21 - 110 A.H.) * Ibn Jurayj * Ibn Kathir al-Makki * Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (d. 124 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/> * Ibn Sirin * Ja'far al-Sadiq * Malik Dinar * Masruq ibn al-Ajda' (d. 103 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/> * Musa ibn ʿUqba * Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr  * Muhammad al-Baqir * Mujahid ibn Jabr * Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar * Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (d. 103 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/>  * Said ibn al-Musayyib (d. 93 A.H.)<ref name="MSA">[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/law/alalwani_usulalfiqh/ch3.html USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715053146/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/law/alalwani_usulalfiqh/ch3.html |date=2006-07-15 }}</ref>  * Sa'id ibn Jubayr * Salim ibn Abd-Allah * Shaikh Habib Al-Raee<ref name="Abu Haleem Habib bin Saleem Al-Raee">{{cite book|author=Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri|title=The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism|url= http://www.apnaorg.com/books/english/kashf-english/book.php?fldr=book|year=2001|publisher=Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan|others=Justice Karam Shah}}</ref> * Sulaym ibn Qays * Sulaiman al-Aʽmash * Tawus ibn Kaysan * Ubayd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah (d. 98 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/> * Umar II * Urwah ibn Zubayr (d. 94 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/> * Uwais al-Qarani * Wahb ibn Munabbih * Wuhayb ibn al-Ward *Yahya ibn Sa'd (d. 143 A.H.)<ref name="MSA"/>  * Zayd ibn Ali (d. 740 C.E. (122 A.H. ?))  * Al-Nakhai (d.714) <ref name="MSA"/> Al-Nakhai {{Incomplete list|date=November 2021}}

== See also == *List of Sahaba

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tabi'un}} Category:7th-century Islam * Category:Islamic terminology