{{short description|Prostrating oneself during salah}} {{About|Sujud||Sujud (disambiguation)}} {{More citations needed|date=February 2011}} {{Infobox holiday | holiday_name = Sujud/Sujood | type = Islam | image = Man in prostration.svg | caption = Worshipper performing Sujood | official_name = Sujud/Sujood | nickname = Sajdah, Prostration in Islam | observedby = Muslims and Islam | longtype = Islamic | significance = A way that Muslim worshippers prostrate and humble themselves before God while glorifying him | observances = *Sujud during Salat<br> *Sujud Sahwi *Sujud Shukr *Sujud Tilawa | relatedto = Salah, Tilawa, Allah, Alhamdulillah, Prostration, Islam, Sunnah, Fardh, Muhammad, Muhammad in Islam | date = | frequency = Twice in every ''raka'at'' of Salat, amongst others }} {{Islam}} '''Sujud''' ({{langx|ar|سُجُود|sujūd}}, {{IPA|ar|sʊˈdʒuːd|pron}}), or '''sajdah''' ({{lang|ar|سَجْدَة}}, {{IPA|ar|ˈsadʒ.da|}}), also known as '''sijda''', '''sejda''' or '''shejda''', in Islam is the act of low bowing or prostration to God facing the ''qiblah'' (direction of the Kaaba at Mecca). It is usually done in standardized prayers (salah). The position involves kneeling and bowing till one touches the ground with seven bones (points): the forehead and nose, two hands, two knees and two sets of toes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari:812|title=Sahih Bukhari, Hadith No. 812 |website=Sunnah.com}}</ref> In accordance with the Sunnah (the Way) of Muhammad, one's elbows should be far from one's body,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:497a|title=Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 497a |website=Sunnah.com}}</ref> unless it causes discomfort to other worshippers, but not resting on the ground. Some scholars hold the position that this applies only to men, and that women are encouraged to tuck their elbows in out of modesty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/9276/the-way-in-which-women-pray-is-the-same-as-the-way-in-which-men-pray|title=The Way In Which Women Pray (Salafi) |website=islamqa.info}}</ref>
== Overview == Sujud (prostration) is one of the main pillars of daily prayer (salah) in Islam. A single act of sujud is called a sajdah (plural ''sajdāt''). Muslims perform sujud several times during each prayer, depending on the number of ''raka'at'' of prayer: two sajadat are performed every raka'ah, and prayers vary in obligatory length between two and four raka'at (additional supererogatory raka'at are often performed as ''sunnah muakkadah'', or emulation of the example of Muhammad as represented in the sahih hadith). A raka'ah is a unit of set actions that have to be performed in a prayer. The shortest ''fard'' (obligatory) Muslim prayer is that of ''fajr'', performed immediately before sunrise (two raka'ahs) and the shortest ever possible number of raka'ahs is in the ''witr'' prayer, which is considered Sunnah in the Maaliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali Madhabs (schools of Fiqh) and Wajib (compulsory) in the Hanafi madhab, with one needing an odd number of Rakats to complete the prayer, with one being valid in all madhabs but the Hanafi Madhab. The raka'ah can be described as follows:<ref name="a to z">{{cite book|last=Mohammad|first=Mamdouh N.|title=Salat: The Islamic Prayer from A to Z|year=2003|publisher=Dr Mahmdouh N Mohammad|isbn=978-0-9652877-4-6|pages=6–7|chapter=Overview of Salat}}</ref>
# Standing and saying Allahu akbar, reciting surah al-Fatiha, and reciting a passage of the Quran such as sura al-Ikhlas. # Performing ruku' (bowing down) without bending the knees and with hands resting on the knees, while reciting additional phrases to glorify Allah. # Standing up from bowing, and reciting further. # Going in prostration (sajdah) once, while reciting additional specific phrases to glorify Allah. # Lifting the face up from prostration but kneeling or sitting on the ground. # Performing a second prostration (sajdah). # Rising for the second, third, or fourth raka'ah. In the last raka'ah, one remains sitting and recites the tashahhud, and then performs the taslim by turning the head to the right and saying, ''as-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu Allah wa barakatuh'' ("may the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you"), and then turning the head to the left and repeating the blessing to conclude the prayer.<ref name="a to z"/> Points 1–7 define one raka'ah. Thus, the shortest prayer, that of fajr, contains four sajadat. For Hanafis, witr prayer is three raka'ahs, which is for them considered wajib, a level of necessity below that of fard but above all else: in practice, this makes witr obligatory.<ref name="a to z"/>
While in sujud, the use of a turbah (a small piece of soil or clay, often a clay tablet), on which a person places their forehead, is compulsory in most Shi'a schools of Islam.
== Other types of sujud == [[File:Jemaah bersujud tampak belakang.jpg|thumb|In Islam, Sujud (prostrations) occupy a quintessential position in the five obligatory daily formal prayers.]]
===Sajdah of thankfulness=== {{main|Sujud Shukr}} {{anchor|Sajdah of recitation}}
=== {{anchor|sajdah tilawah}} Sajdah of recitation / Tilawah=== {{Main|Sujud Tilawa}} During recitation (tilawa) of the Qur'an, including individual and congregation prayers, there are fifteen places where Muslims believe, when Muhammad recited a certain verse (''ayah''), he prostrated to God.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} The verses are: :۩ Q7:206, al Aʿrāf :۩ Q13:15, ar-Raʻd<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/ar-rad/15-25|title=Surah Ar-Ra'd - 15-25|website=Quran.com}}</ref> :۩ Q16:49, an-Nahl :۩ Q17:107, al-Isra :۩ Q19:58, Maryam :۩ Q22:18, al-Hajj <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/al-hajj/18-28|title=Surah Al-Hajj - 18-28|website=Quran.com}}</ref> :۩ Q22:77, al-Hajj :۩ Q25:60, al-Furqan :۩ Q27:25, an-Naml :۩ Q32:15, as-Sajda :۩ Q38:24, Ṣād :۩ Q41:37, Fussilat :۩ Q53:62, an-Najm :۩ Q84:21, al-Inshiqaq :۩ Q96:19, al-Alaq
In most copies of the Qur'an these are indicated by the symbol ۩, with an over-line on the word/s that invoked the prostration. Muslims must prostrate once in order to follow the Sunnah (example) of Muhammad and recite any one or more of the following along with Takbeer before and after the sujud,
===Sajdah of forgetfulness=== {{Main|Sujud Sahwi}} [[File:November13,2013 - Muharram 9,1435 - Grand Mosque of Nishapur 19.JPG|thumb| A Muslim prayer in Sujud, Grand Mosque of Nishapur, Khorasan, Iran.]] '''Sujud Sahwi''' or Sajdah of forgetfulness occurs during the ritual ''salat'' prayer. Out of forgetfulness a person can either omit obligatory parts of salat (Qabli) or add to the salat (Ba'adi). In either cases the person corrects their salat by doing the Sujud Sahwi.
== Direction of prostration == Sujud is made only to God. In prayer, Muslims face the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
==See also== *Sujud Sahwi *''Zemnoy poklon'', earth-low bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church originating from Jewish low bowing * Proskynesis * Dogeza, prostration in Japanese culture * Kowtow, prostration in Chinese culture
==References== {{reflist}}
== External links == {{commons category|Sujud}} * [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/glossary/term.SUJUD.html USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115082730/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/reference/glossary/term.SUJUD.html |date=2009-01-15 }} * [http://www.mypercept.co.uk/articles/meaning-of-SuJuD-from-Quran.html Detailed study of the word "SuJuD" in The Quran]
{{Islamic prayer}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Sujud Category:Salah Category:Typography Category:Gestures of respect Category:Bowing Category:Kneeling Category:Salah terminology Category:Arabic words and phrases