{{Short description|Historical Dutch coin}} {{Infobox coin | Country = {{flag|Netherlands}} | Denomination = Stuiver | Value = 0.05 | Catalog Number = - | Unit = Dutch guilder | Mass = 3.5 | Diameter = 21 | Thickness = 1.45 | Composition = 95% Cu, 4% Sn, 1% Zn | Orientation = coin | Years of Minting = 1948–2001<br />(Utrecht) | Circulation = 1948–<br />28 January 2002<br> Redeemed by national bank until 1 January 2007 | Obverse = Dutch 5 cent.jpg | Obverse Design = Queen Wilhelmina (1948)<br />Queen Juliana (1950–1980)<br/>Queen Beatrix (1982–2001) | Obverse Designer = L. O. Wenckebach (1948–1980)<br /> Bruno Ninaber van Eyben (1982–2001) | Reverse = Dutch 5 cent.jpg | Reverse Design = Face value, year, privy mark (left), mint mark (right) | Reverse Designer = L. O. Wenckebach (1948–1980)<br /> Bruno Ninaber van Eyben (1982–2001) | Edge = plain }} {{Main|Dutch guilder#History}} The '''stuiver''' {{IPA|nl|ˈstœyvər|}} was a coin used in the Netherlands, worth {{Fraction|1|20}} of a guilder (16 ''penning'' or 8 ''duit'', later 5 cents). It was also minted on the Lower Rhine region and the Dutch colonies. The word can still refer to the 5 euro cent coin, which has almost exactly the same diameter and colour despite being over twice the value of the older coin.
== Netherlands== [[File:Arnhem, stuiver 1598.JPG|thumb|left|180px|An Arnhem stuiver of 1598.]] [[File:MUS Koin Silver Netherlands Stuiver Transisalania 1628; 2.jpg|thumb|left|Stuiver silver coin of Overijssel province (lat. ''Transisulania''), 1628.]] The ''Stüber'' emerged from the ''vierlander'' ("coin of four provinces"), that Philip III of Burgundy had minted from 1434 as a common denomination for Brabant, Flanders, Holland and the Hainault (''Hennegau'') and which had a value of {{fraction|1|20}} Rhenish ''gulden''. It corresponded to 3 Brabant ''Plakken'', 2 Flemish ''Groten'', 16 Dutch ''pfennigs'' or 1 Artesian ''schilling''.<ref>{{cite web |last=K. Lemmens |date=1998 |title=Rekenmunt en courant geld |url=http://www.egmp.nunaar.be/artikels/Rekenmunt.pdf |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-11-28 |publisher= |pages=26–28 |language=nl |quote= |periodical=Jaarboek van het Europees Genootschap voor Munt- en Penningkunde}}</ref> The name "stuiver" derives from the Dutch ''stuiven'' ("flying sparks"), since on early Flemish ''stuivers'' "spark-producing flints of the Collar of the Golden Fleece" were depicted. Twenty stuivers equalled a ''Dutch Guilder.'' It circulated until the Napoleonic Wars. In 1818 the Netherlands decimalised its guilder into 100 cents. Two stuivers equalled a dubbeltje - the ten-cent coin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knm.nl/Geschiedenis-van-de-gulden/nl/news/398/?NieuwsGroepID=1|title=Geschiedenis van de gulden|website=KNM}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Geschiedenis van de stuiver, door Dr. H. Enno Van Gelder.|first=Hendrik Enno|last=Van Gelder|date=22 November 2017|oclc = 458375109}}</ref> After the decimalisation of Dutch currency, the name "stuiver" was preserved as a nickname for the five-cent coin until the introduction of the euro in 2002.<ref name="nomisma.nl">{{cite web |url=http://www.nomisma.nl/catalogus.php?cid=10420#102304| title=nomisma.nl|access-date=2014-05-17}}</ref> The word can still refer to the 5 euro cent coin, which has almost exactly the same diameter and colour despite being over twice the value of the older coin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/02/15/stuiver-a1470247|title=Stuiver|newspaper=NRC |date=15 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://krant.telegraaf.nl/krant/euro/teksten/euro.spreekwoorden.html|title=De Telegraaf-i [] Alles over de euro|website=krant.telegraaf.nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://voetlichtmedia.nl/2014/07/06/oranje-van-geen-stuiver-waard-naar-euro-forisch/|title=Oranje: Van geen stuiver waard naar euro-forisch - VoetLicht Media|date=6 July 2014}}</ref> {{clear left}}
{{anchor|Stüber}}
== Holy Roman Empire == [[File:Schwanenstüber_von_1485,_Herzog_Johann_II._von_Cleve,_CNG_(3).jpg|thumb|''Schwanenstüber'', 1485, Duchy of Cleves]] [[File:3_Stueber_Duchy_of_Berg_1806.jpg|thumb|3 ''Stüber'', Duchy of Berg, 1806]] [[File:Viertelstueber_Hannover_1823.jpg|thumb|{{Fraction|1|4}} Stüber, Hanover for East Frisia, 1823]] The '''''Stüber''''' (abbreviation: ''stbr''.) or '''''Stüver''''' was a small ''groschen'' coin that was minted in north-west Germany, especially in the territories of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and in the County of East Frisia roughly from the end of the 15th century to the early 19th century.
On the Lower Rhine, these coins mostly had a value of {{Fraction|1|1|3}} ''albus'' or 16 ''hellers'', in Cleves, 21 ''hellers''. One ''Rechnungstaler'' corresponded to 60 ''Stüber''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Alfred Noss |date=1892 |title=Der Niederrheinische Albus |url=https://www.coingallery.de/Koeln/Noss-Albus.htm |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-11-28 |publisher= |pages=S. 1–46 |language= |quote= |periodical=Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft, Jahrg. XI.}}</ref>
== European colonies == From 1660, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) began to strike copper stuiver coins for local use in Dutch Ceylon. At first, the coins were simply stamped on both sides with their denomination but from 1783, the VOC monogram and date were added. The coins were minted at Colombo, Jaffna, Galle and Trincomalee. These coins were issued till British occupation in 1796. The '''stiver''' ({{langx|si|තුට්ටුව}}) was a currency denomination ({{Fraction|1|48}} Ceylonese rixdollar) in use across the 18th and 19th century Sri Lanka and Caribbean, especially among the Dutch, Danish, and Swedish islands. It was also a denomination that formed part of the currency system of Demerara-Essequibo (later British Guiana, now Guyana). In the British colonies, a stiver had a value of twopence.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lucassen|first1=Jan|title=Wages and Currency: Global Comparisons from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century|date=2007|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=9783039107827|page=253}}</ref> The currency was also mentioned in the famous poem by Robert Browning, The Pied Piper of Hamelin: "With you, don't think I'll bate [abate, reduce my demands by] a stiver! And folks who put me in a passion may find me pipe after another fashion."
== Austria == The name ''Stüber'' was also considered for a coin that would have been a sub-division of the Austrian Schilling introduced in 1924; In the end, however, the name ''Groschen'' was chosen.<ref>{{ANNO|lvb|20|12|1924|4|From ''Stüber'' to ''Groschen'' }}</ref>
== Literature ==
* Heinz Fengler, Gerhard Gierow, Willy Unger: ''Numismatik''. Berlin 1988. * Helmut Kahnt: ''Das große Münzlexikon von A bis Z''. Regenstauf 2005. * Hans Spaeth: ''Der Münzfund von Kirchhellen. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik des Emmericher Stüber''. Kreß & Hornung, Munich, 1941.
==See also== {{Portal|Money|Numismatics}} * 5 Cent WWII (Dutch coin) * 5 Cent 1948 (Dutch coin)
==External links== {{Commons category}} {{Commons category|Stuiver}} {{Wiktionary}} {{wiktionary|stiver}} * [http://worldcoingallery.com/countries/Netherland_all.php Obverses and reverses of Dutch coins]
{{Currency and coinage of the Netherlands}} {{Historical currencies of Sri Lanka}} {{European presence in Ceylon}} {{Groschen}}
==References== <references/>
Category:Coins of the Netherlands Category:Five-cent coins Category:Dutch words and phrases Category:Economic history of Guyana Category:Currencies of Sri Lanka Category:Currencies of Guyana Category:Groschen