Streptogramin

{{Short description|Class of antibiotics}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Pristinamycin IA, a natural member of the streptogramin B class class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Pristinamycin IIA, a natural member of the streptogramin A class '''Streptogramins''' are a class of antibiotics. They work as protein synthesis inhibitors.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/mbiology/ug/ugteach/icu8/antibiotics/protein.html | publisher = University of Leeds | title = Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070428043813/http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/mbiology/ug/ugteach/icu8/antibiotics/protein.html | archive-date=2007-04-28 }}</ref>

Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant ''Enterococcus'' (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. They fall into two groups: streptogramin A (23-membered macrolide) and streptogramin B (depsipeptide). The two groups act synergistically. They are naturally produced in a 3:7 ratio; most formulations keep this ratio.<ref>{{cite book | chapter = Streptogramins | title = Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs | pages = 499 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-444-53717-1.01472-4 | quote = Streptogramins [1] are a class of antibiotics of two types, streptogramin A and streptogramin B. Separately, group A and group B streptogramins are bacteriostatic, by reversible binding to the 50S subunit of 70S bacterial ribosomes. Together, however, streptogramins from each group are synergic and bactericidal. | isbn = 978-0-444-53716-4 | editor1-first = J.K. | editor1-last = Aronson | chapter-url = {{GBurl | NOKoBAAAQBAJ | pg = RA5-PA499}}}}</ref>

Members include: * Quinupristin/dalfopristin, made by chemically modifying pristinamycin (semisynthesis) * Pristinamycin, made by ''Streptomyces pristinaespiralis'' * Virginiamycin, made by ''Streptomyces virginiae'' and others * Linopristin/flopristin, made by semisynthesis. experimental streptogramin in clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, Scheld M, Spellberg B, Bartlett J | title = Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 48 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–12 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19035777 | doi = 10.1086/595011 }}</ref> * Etamycin, a streptogramin B.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Haste NM, Perera VR, Maloney KN, Tran DN, Jensen P, Fenical W, Nizet V, Hensler ME | title = Activity of the streptogramin antibiotic etamycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | journal = The Journal of Antibiotics | volume = 63 | issue = 5 | pages = 219–224 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20339399 | pmc = 2889693 | doi = 10.1038/ja.2010.22 }}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = De Simeis D, Serra S | title = <i>Actinomycetes</i>: A Never-Ending Source of Bioactive Compounds-An Overview on Antibiotics Production | journal = Antibiotics | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 483 | date = April 2021 | pmid = 33922100 | pmc = 8143475 | doi = 10.3390/antibiotics10050483 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mukhtar TA, Wright GD | title = Streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and other inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 105 | issue = 2 | pages = 529–542 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15700955 | doi = 10.1021/cr030110z | bibcode = 2005ChRv..105..529M }} {{refend}}

Category:Antibiotics